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Report No. 62

The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923

Contents
Chapter I Introduction
1.1 Genesis
2. Importance of the Act
3. Directive principles in the Constitution
4,5. Need for revision of the Act
6. Report of National Commission on Labour
7. Number of agricultural employees
8. Need for revision
9. Equalisation in substance
10. Social insurance
11,12. Effect of Employees' State Insurance Act
13 to 15. Desirability of amending
Chapter 1A History and Main Features
1A.1 Introduction
2. History of compensation
3. History of workmen's compensation
4,5. Adjustments of the legal machinery, necessitated by industrial changes
6. Problem of industrial disability-First legislation in Europe
7. Origin of compensation system in Europe-Problem of industrial disability
8. Developments in the U.S.A
9. Movement in India
10. Amendments since 1923
11. Amendment Act of 1959
12. Effect of Employees' State Insurance Act
13. Trend of Developments
14. Gist of the operative provisions
15. Chief principles of Workmen's Compensation Act
16. Liability confined to personal injury
17. Importance of the definition of "workmen"
18,19. Second Schedul
20. Notification by State Governments
21. Employments covered by the Act
22. Provision in Soviet Civil Code
23. Hazardous employments in U.S.A
24. Compensation
25. Disabilities-Classification of
Chapter 1B Extra-Territorial Application of The Act
1B.1 Introductory
2. Matters to be considered in connection with extra-territorial operation
3. Rule of construction
4,5. Rebuttable presumption in England
6. Rule of construction in U.S.A
7. English cases under Workmen's Compensation Act
8. Cases relating to Ships
9. English Act of 1925
10. Present position under the Indian Act
11. Intention of 1933 Amendment
12. Position before 1933-requirement of registration
13. Amendment of 1933
14. International law-territorial waters
15. Ships registered in India
16. Difficulty as regards extra-territorial accidents
17. English view
18. U.S.A. view
19. Story's view
20. Position regarding ships
21. Amendment of 1933
22. Whether it is desirable to cover extra-territorial accidents
23. No need to widen the scope
24,25 Desirability of restricting the present provision as to ships
26. Section 21
27. Section 1-amendment regarding ships and aircraft
28. Recommendation to amend section 1
Chapter 2 Definitions
2.1 Introductory
2. Section 2(1)(d)-"Dependant"-basic Principle
3. Complexity of the definition
4 to 7. Improvements in definition of 'dependant'-Legitimacy
8,9. Constitutional provisions in some Latin American countries
10,11. Section 2(1)(d)-unborn child of the workman
12. Recommendation
13. Unmarried daughter and divorced daughter
14 to 17. Re-marriage of widow
18. Amendment regarding pre-decease
19. Minor brother-no change
20,21. Uterine relationship-Recommendation
22. Recommendation
23. Section 2(1)(e)-employer lending the workman to another employer
24. Recommendation
25. Section 2(1)(fff) (New)-Definition of "monthly wages"
26. Section 2(1)(i)-total disablement
27. Workman
28,29. Section 2(1)(n)-Definition of workman
30 to 33. Point of Substance
34. Recommendation
Section 2(2)
35. Recommendation
36. Section 2(3)-Power to notify their occupations
37. Proposal giving the power to the Central Government also
38. Amendment of section 2(3) desirable
39. Constitutional aspect considered
40. State Governments should give intimation to Centre
41. Recommendation to revise section 2(3)
Chapter 3 Right to Compensation
3.1 Introductory
2. Section 3(1) proviso (b)(i)-Influence of drugs or drinks
3 to 5. Possible justification for the present rul
7. Provisions in the Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948
8. Section 51A, Employees' State Insurance Act
9. Connection between course of and out of Presumption in section 51A, Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
10 to 15. Origin of section 51A
16. Meaning of the expressions in the course of and out of
17. A verbal point concerning section 51A
18. Recommendation
19. A verbal point concerning section 51A. 3.19. Effect of wilful disobedience
20. Section 51B, E.S.I. Act
21. Principle of section 51B worth adopting
22. Section 3(1), proviso (b)(iii)
23 to 25. Section 51B E.S.I. Act considered in detail
26 to 28. Adoption of section 51B considered-Requirement of trade or business not favoured-Contained in section 51B
29,30. Accidents occurring in the course of transport to or from place of work
31 to 33. Test of obligation to use transport previously adopted in English cases
34,35. Emergency-section 51D, Employee's State Insurance Act, 1948
36 to 38. Decision under the English Workmen's Compensation Act as to emergency
39. Section 3(5)
40,41. Two points which arise
42. Recommendation to revise section 3(5)
43 to 45. Section 3A e.g. 3(2) to section 3(4) re-numbered
46. Too many provisions crowded together
47. Need for classification of the 'provisions
48. Recommendations
49,50. Section 4(1)-General scheme as to compensation
51. Section 4(1)(d)
52,53. Section 4A-Compensation to be paid promptly
54,55. Questions to be considered
Chapter 3A Computation of Compensation
3A.1 Introductory
2. Sections 5(a) and 5(b)
3. Comment on section 5, clause (b), first method
4. Comment on clause (b), second method
5. Recommendation to amend section 5(b)
6. Section 5(c)
7. Contract labour
8. Recommendation to add an Explanation regarding contract labour
9,10. Cases not covered by section 6
11,12. Section 6(1)
13. Recommendation
14. Section 7-Commutation of half-monthly payments
15. Recommendation
Chapter 4 Distribution of Compensation
4.1 Section 8
2. Recommendation to replace section 8 by three sections
3. Sections 8(1) to 8(4)
4. Sections 8(1), 8(6) & 8(7)-provision regarding workmen
5. Section 8(1)-Recommendation to amend
6. Section 8(5)
7. Section 8(5)-Desirability of guidelines-Recommendation
8,9. Section 8(5) and effect of death
10,11. English Law
12. Madras view
13. Recommendation regarding section 8(5)
14. Section 8(6)-Recommendation
15. Section 8(7)-Recommendation
16,17. Section 9
Chapter 5 Notices and Reports
5.1 Introductory
2. Section 10(1) notice to be optional
3. Section 10(2)
4. Section 10(3)
5. Section 10A
6. Section 10B(1)
7. Object of the amendments recommended in sections 10, 10A and 10B
8. Re-drafts of sections 10, 10A & 10B
9. Section 11-Medical Examination
10,11. Recommendation as to section 11(1)
Chapter 6 Protection of Compensation and other Provisions Regarding Enforcement
6.1 Introduction
2. Common law rules as to contractors
3 to 8. Special provision in section 12
9. Section 13
10. Recommendation to amend section 13
11. Section 14-Recommendation
12. Section 14A
13. Section 15(1)
14. Section 15(3)
15. Sections 15(5) and 15(6)
16. Section 15A (New)
17,18. Sections 16,17
19. Recommendation as to section 17
20. Section 17A-New Display of abstracts
21. Recommendation
22. Section 18A
Chapter 7 Commissioners, Their Jurisdiction and Procedure
7.1 Introductory
2. Section 19
3 to 9. Section 20(3)-obscurity of position of expert
10. Recommendation
11. Section 21(1)
12. Section 22(1)
13. Express provision as to right to make an application desirable
14. Recommendations to Amend section 22
15. Section 22(2)(b)
16. Recommendations
17. Section 22A
18. Recommendations
19 to 22. Section 23
23 to 25. Procedure for grant of legal aid
26. Recommendation
27. Section 25
28,29. Recommendation
Chapter 8 Reference, Registration of Agreements, Appeal and Recovery
8.1 Introductory
2 to 5. Sections 27 to 29
Chapter 9 Rules
9.1 Introductory
2. Section 32(2)-Various clauses requiring amendment
3 to 5. Section 35(1) main paragraph-recommendation to amend
Chapter 10 Schedules
10.1 Introductory
2. Second Schedule-employment in agriculture
3 to 5. Directive Principles relating to economic justice and conditions of work
6. Considerations to be borne in mind
7. Possible tests
8. Present position-Second Schedule
10. Notification by State Governments
11. Hazard constituted by mechanical contrivances used in agriculture
12 to 14. Views received from States by Ministries
15 to 17. Importance of Agricultural employment
18. Extension of the Act-how to be achieved
19,20. Legislative power to enact the amendment under consideration
21 to 23. Recommendation relating to employments in agriculture
24. Item 1-exclusion of clerks
25 to 28. Clerical employment-various items discussed
29,30. Item 2
31 to 34. Ambiguity in item 2
35. Item 3
36,37. Item 4
38,39. Item 5
40,41. Items 6,7
42. Item 8
43. Item 9
44. Item 10
45,46 Items 11,12
47,48. Item 13
49 to 61. Items 14 to 25
62 to 68. Item 26
69,70. Persons exposed to hazards
71,72. Second Schedule-regrading of items
73 to 75. Basis of re-grouping
Schedule II List of Persons who, Subject to The Provisions of Section 2(1)(N), are Included in The Definition of workmen
76. 3rd Schedule
77 to 79. Third Schedule-the word "sequelae
80. Arrangement of items in the Third Schedule
Schedule III List of Occupational Diseases
81. Amendment recommended


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