M.T. Enrica Lexie
& ANR. Vs. Doramma & Ors.
[Civil Appeal No.
4167 of 2012 arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) No. 11942 of 2012]
J U D G M E N T
R.M. LODHA, J.
1.
Leave
granted.
2.
We
have heard Mr. K.K. Venugopal, learned senior counsel for the appellants, Mr. Goolam
E. Vahanvati, learned Attorney General of India for respondent No. 6, and Mr. Gopal
Subramaniam, learned senior counsel for respondent Nos. 2 and 3. Despite service,
respondent No. 1 has not chosen to appear.
3.
The
vessel – M.T. Enrica Lexie – and M/s Dolphin Tanker SRL (owner of the vessel)
are in appeal aggrieved by the order passed by the Division Bench of the Kerala
High Court on April 3, 2012 whereby the Division Bench set aside the judgment
and order of the Single Judge dated March 29, 2012.
4.
The
controversy arises in this way. On February 15, 2012 an First Information
Report (FIR) was lodged at Neendakara Coastal Police Station by one Fredy,
owner of the Indian registered fishing boat St. Antony. It was alleged in the
FIR that at 4.30 p.m. (IST) on that day while the fishing boat St. Antony was sailing
through the Arabian Sea, incriminate firing was opened by an Italian Ship - M.T.
Enrica Lexie (first appellant). As a result of firing from the first appellant
vessel, two innocent fishermen who were on board the fishing boat St. Antony
died and the other occupants of the boat saved their lives as they were lying
in reclining position on the deck of the boat. On the basis of FIR, Crime No.
2/2012 under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, (IPC) was registered. Neendakara
Coastal Police Station also informed the matter to the Coast Guards and, accordingly,
the first appellant vessel was intercepted and brought to the Port of Cochin on
February 16, 2012. Two Marines who allegedly committed the offence were arrested
on February 19, 2012.
5.
It
is not necessary to go into details of the investigation into the above crime. Suffice
it to say that on February 26, 2012, the concerned Circle Inspector of Police
issued a letter to the Master of the first appellant vessel directing that the vessel
shall not continue her voyage without his prior sanction.
6.
The
stand of the first appellant is that she was on way from Singapore to Egypt
having 24 crew members on board. The vessel also had on board six Marines personnel,
i.e., Naval Military Protection Squad (NMP Squad). The NMP Squad was deployed
on board the first appellant vessel by the Government of Republic of Italy due
to severe threat of Somalian pirates in the Arabian Sea. The second appellant -
owner of the vessel – is a member of the Italian Ship Owner's Confederation.
The NMP Squad was on board to ensure efficient protection to the vessel because
of piracy and armed plundering as per the agreement between the Ministry of
Defence - Naval Staff and the Italian Ship Owner's Confederation. The Master of
the ship is in no way responsible for choices relating to operations involved in
countering piracy attacks, if any; the Master of the ship cannot interfere with
the military activities undertaken by the NMP Squad for the defence of the
vessel, its crew and cargo in the face of pirate attacks and the NMP Squad on
board the vessel is always under the direct command of the military of Republic
of Italy.
7.
According
to the appellants, although all the agencies had completed their respective
investigations, none of them were giving official clearance for the vessel to sail
and that necessitated them to file a Writ Petition before the High Court of Kerala
for appropriate directions and permission to the first appellant vessel for
sailing and proceeding with her voyage.
8.
In
response to the Writ Petition, counter affidavit was filed by the Circle
Inspector. The Single Judge, after hearing the parties, allowed the Writ
Petition filed by the appellants, issued a writ of mandamus directing the
present respondent Nos. 1 and 2 to allow the first appellant vessel to commence
her voyage on certain conditions.
9.
Being
not satisfied with the judgment and order of the Single Judge dated March 29,
2012, Doramma (wife of one of the deceased fishermen), inter alia, filed Writ
Appeal No. 679 of 2012. The Division Bench of the Kerala High Court noted that investigation
in the matter was not yet complete and no charge- sheet had been filed and now
since proceedings had been initiated by the Investigating Officer under Section
102(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short, 'Code'), the matter
needed to be considered by the concerned Judicial Magistrate exercising the powers
under Section 457 of the Code and the Single Judge was not justified in
allowing the Writ Petition and issuing the directions. The Division Bench,
accordingly, set aside the order of the Single Judge and permitted the
appellants to approach the jurisdictional Magistrate with an application under Section
457 of the Code and observed that the concerned Magistrate should dispose of the
application in accordance with the procedure after applying its judicious mind
to the facts of the case.
10.
During
the pendency of the matter before this Court, certain events have intervened.
In three Admiralty Suits – one filed by the present respondent No. 1 - Doramma,
the other by the first informant Fredy, and the third by Abhinaya Xavier and Aguna
Xavier, settlements have taken place after impleadment of the Republic of Italy
as one of the parties to the proceedings. The settlement with the present
respondent No. 1 – Doramma and the settlement with Abhinaya Xavier and Aguna Xavier
took place on April 24, 2012, whereas the settlement with Fredy took place on April
27, 2012. All three settlements took place before Lok Adalat. The Government of
Kerala is seriously aggrieved by various clauses of these three settlements.
Mr. Gopal Subramaniam, learned senior counsel for the Government of Kerala, vehemently
contended that these settlements were against public policy and the Indian laws.
He submitted that the Government of Kerala intends to challenge these
settlements in appropriate proceedings before appropriate forum.
11.
In
the course of the hearing of this Appeal, an oral application was made on behalf
of the Republic of Italy for intervention. We permitted the intervention of the
Republic of Italy, particularly in view of the statements made in the Appeal that
the NMP Squad comprising of six Italian Naval personnel on board were always
under the direct command of the Republic of Italy and the Master of the vessel
could not interfere with the military activities undertaken by the Naval
personnel on board the vessel. The intervention by the Republic of Italy was also
found by us proper because of serious challenge by the Government of Kerala to the
three settlements entered into between the Republic of Italy and the
claimants-plaintiffs in the three Admiralty Suits.
12.
Before
we deal with the matter further, we may refer to Section 102 of the Code which
reads as follows : “102. Power of police officer to seize certain property.- (1)
Any police officer may seize any property which may be alleged or suspected to
have been stolen, or which may be found under circumstances which create suspicion
of the Commission of any offence. (2) Such police officer, if subordinate to
the officer in charge of a police station, shall forthwith report the seizure
to that officer. (3) Every police officer acting under sub-section (1) shall
forthwith report the seizure to the Magistrate having jurisdiction and where
the property seized is such that it cannot be conveniently transported to the Court
or where there is difficulty in securing proper accommodation for the custody
of such property, or where the continued retention of the property in police
custody may not be considered necessary for the purpose of investigation, he
may give custody thereof to any person on his executing a bond undertaking to produce
the property before the Court as and when required and to give effect to the
further orders of the Court as to the disposal of the same: Provided that where
the property seized under sub- section (1) is subject to speedy and natural
decay and if the person entitled to the possession of such property is unknown
or absent and the value of such property is less than five hundred rupees, it
may forthwith be sold by auction under the orders of the Superintendent of Police
and the provisions of sections 457 and 458 shall, as nearly as may be
practicable, apply to the net proceeds of such sale.”
13.
The
police officer in course of investigation can seize any property under Section
102 if such property is alleged to be stolen or is suspected to be stolen or is
the object of the crime under investigation or has direct link with the
commission of offence for which the police officer is investigating into. A property
not suspected of commission of the offence which is being investigated into by
the police officer cannot be seized. Under Section 102 of the Code, the police
officer can seize such property which is covered by Section 102(1) and no
other.
14.
After
the Writ Petition was filed by the present appellants before the Kerala High
Court, during pendency thereof on March 26, 2012 a report under sub-section (3)
of Section 102 of the Code was filed by the Circle Inspector before the Chief
Judicial Magistrate, Kollam reporting to that court that the first appellant
vessel has been seized. To our specific question to Mr. Gopal Subramaniam, learned
senior counsel for the Government of Kerala, whether the first appellant vessel
was object of the crime or the circumstances have come up in the course of
investigation that create suspicion of commission of any offence by the first appellant
vessel, Mr. Gopal Subramaniam answered in the negative. Mr. Gopal Subramaniam,
learned senior counsel for the Government of Kerala, further stated that the
detention of the first appellant vessel was no longer required in the matter.
In view thereof, the order of the Division Bench in upsetting the order of the Single
Judge has to go and we order accordingly.
15.
The
question now remains, whether the order passed by the Single Judge on March 29,
2012 can be allowed to stand as it is or deserves to be modified.
16.
Mr.
Goolam E. Vahanvati, learned Attorney General, at the outset, submitted that
Union of India has the same position as has been taken up by the Government of Kerala.
He referred to the short counter affidavit filed on behalf of the Union of
India by P. Sasi Kumar, Under Secretary to Government of India, Ministry of Shipping.
In para 6 of the said counter affidavit, it is stated that the material
evidence in relation to the first appellant vessel itself has been collected
during the preliminary inquiry for the purposes of Sections 358 and 359 of the
Merchant Shipping Act, 1958. The FIR lodged against the accused persons is being
investigated by the competent authorities of the State of Kerala because law
and order is a State subject.
17.
Mr.
Gopal Subramaniam, learned senior counsel for the Government of Kerala, had
already indicated that detention of the first appellant vessel was no longer
required. He did not have any serious objection if the first appellant vessel was
allowed to commence her voyage. He, however, sought for the following safeguards,
viz., (i) the appellants must submit to the jurisdiction of the Indian court/s
and they must also clarify their position about settlements in the Admiralty Suits
arrived at between the Republic of Italy and the claimants-plaintiffs; (ii) for
securing the presence of the six crew members, namely, Vitelli Umberto
(Master), Noviello Carlo (Master SN), James Mandley Samson (Chief Officer), Sahil
Gupta (2nd Officer), Fulbaria (Seaman) and Tirumala Rao (Ordinary Sea Man) and four
Marines, namely, Voglino Renato (Seargeant), Andronico Massimo (1st Corporal),
Fontano Antonio (3rd Corporal) and Conte Alessandro (Corporal), an undertaking
must be given by the Master of the first appellant vessel, the Managing
Director of the owner of the first appellant vessel and the Managing Director
of the shipping agent, namely, James Mackintosh & Co. Pvt. Ltd.; and (iii)
it be clarified that the interest of the Government of Kerala shall remain unaffected
by the settlements arrived at between the Republic of Italy and the
claimants-plaintiffs and the Government of Kerala should be free to take
appropriate legal recourse in challenging these settlements.
18.
Mr.
K.K. Venugopal, learned senior counsel for the appellants, in response to the submissions
made by Mr. Gopal Subramaniam, learned senior counsel for the Government of Kerala,
submitted that the appellants were not associated with the settlements arrived
at between the Republic of Italy and the claimants-plaintiffs in the Admiralty
Suits. He also submitted that for securing the presence of the six crew members
on board the first appellant vessel, an undertaking shall be furnished by the Master
of the first appellant vessel, the Managing Director of the owner of the first
appellant vessel and Managing Director of the shipping agent, namely, James
Mackintosh & Co. Pvt. Ltd. He also submitted that the appellants, in fact, have
submitted to the jurisdiction of the Indian courts and they maintain that position.
As regards, four Marines on board, Mr. K.K. Venugopal submitted that the
Marines being under the direct command of the military of the Republic of
Italy, the owner or the Master of the first appellant vessel were not in a
position to give any undertaking or make any statement.
19.
Since
we have permitted Republic of Italy to intervene in the matter, we wanted to
know from Mr. Harish Salve, learned senior counsel for the Republic of Italy, whether
the Republic of Italy was in a position to give any assurance to this Court to
secure the presence of four Marines, namely, Voglino Renato (Seargeant), Andronico
Massimo (1st Corporal), Fontano Antonio (3rd Corporal) and Conte Alessandro
(Corporal), as and when required by the Investigating Officer or any Court or lawful
authority, Mr. Harish Salve handed over to us a written note indicating the
position of the Republic of Italy which reads as follows :-
“1. The position of
the Republic of Italy is that the alleged incident took place outside Indian territorial
waters and the Union of India and the State of Kerala have no jurisdiction to deal
with the matter under Indian municipal laws, including criminal laws, as well as
under international law; that the incident is between two sovereign states,
i.e., Republic of India and the Republic of Italy and that dispute settlement
that are provided by international law and conventions.
2. The Republic of Italy
filed a petition under Article 32 and has also challenged the legal proceedings
initiated in Kerala by an appropriate proceeding in the Kerala High Court. Without
prejudice to its rights [and obligations] under international law, and its contentions
of sovereign immunity including those raised in these two petitions, and
without accepting that the actions of the Union of India or the State of Kerala
are authorized by law, the Republic of Italy is agreeable to give an assurance
to the Supreme Court of India that if the presence of these marines is required
by any Court or in response to any summons issued by any Court or lawful authority,
the Republic of Italy shall ensure their presence before an appropriate court or
authority. This would be subject to the right of the persons summoned to challenge
such summons/order before a competent court in India.
3. On this assurance
this Hon'ble Court may, if it considers it appropriate, issue directions in respect
of the following :- (a) The vessel shall be permitted to sail out of India, and
the marines shall sail on the vessel [together with all equipments, arms and ammunitions
on board] and cross Indian territorial waters.
4. This assurance
should not be considered as in any manner detracting from the stand of the
Republic of Italy that its officers are entitled to sovereign immunity and that
proceedings in India under the Indian municipal laws are illegal.
5. If in appropriate
legal proceedings [including the petition filed by the Republic of Italy in this
Hon'ble Court] it is declared that the proceedings in India are illegal, then
these assurances shall come to an end.”
20.
In
response to the above statement made by the Republic of Italy, Mr. Goolam E.
Vahanvati, learned Attorney General, submitted that the Union of India did not accept
the correctness of the assurances made in the above statement and, in any case,
it must be clarified that the position taken by the Republic of Italy would in no
way prejudice the proceedings in this Court or in any other Court or forum.
21.
Mr.
Gopal Subramaniam, learned senior counsel for the Government of Kerala,
vehemently opposed the above statement of the Republic of Italy and submitted
that the above statement was not acceptable to the Government of Kerala. He further
asserted the right of the Government of Kerala to investigate into the crime
and prosecute the offenders for the death of two fishermen.
22.
Pertinently,
Mr. Harish Salve, learned senior counsel for the Republic of Italy, also
submitted that the settlements arrived at between the Republic of Italy and
claimants-plaintiffs could be set aside by this Court in exercise of its powers
under Article 142 of the Constitution of India. Mr. Harish Salve further submitted
that the payments under the settlements have been made by the Republic of Italy
to the claimants-plaintiffs not by way of compensation in the proceedings
initiated by them but by way of goodwill and gesture.
23.
We
may make two things clear - (i) In the present Appeal, we are not directly
concerned with the correctness, legality or validity of the settlements arrived
at between the Republic of Italy and claimants-plaintiffs. Having regard to
certain clauses in the settlements, we are of the view that insofar as the present
Appeal is concerned, these settlements deserve to be ignored and we do so, and
(ii) The limited question for consideration in this Appeal is with regard to
the voyage of the first appellant vessel and, therefore, it is not necessary
for us to dwell on the position taken up by the Republic of Italy that the alleged
incident took place outside territorial waters and the Union of India and the State
of Kerala have no jurisdiction to deal with the matter under municipal laws and
the stout refutation to that position by the Union of India and the State of
Kerala and the strong assertion by the Union of India and the State of Kerala that
the offence of murder of two Indian citizens was committed within the territorial
jurisdiction of India.
24.
Most
of the safeguards sought for by Mr. Gopal Subramaniam, learned senior counsel
for the Government of Kerala, have been taken care of by the first appellant
vessel and her owner. However, for securing the presence of four Marines,
namely, Voglino Renato (Seargeant), Andronico Massimo (1st Corporal), Fontano
Antonio (3rd Corporal) and Conte Alessandro (Corporal), some difficulty
remains.
25.
While
taking up its position as set out in the statement handed over to us on behalf of
the Republic of Italy, it is expressly stated that the Republic of Italy is agreeable
to give assurance to this Court that if the presence of these 4 Marines is required
by any Court or in response to any summons issued by any Court or lawful authority,
the Republic of Italy shall ensure their presence before the appropriate Court or
such authority. This assurance is subject to the right of the persons summoned to
challenge the same before a competent court in India. In our view, the
assurance given by the Republic of Italy to secure the presence of these four Marines,
namely, Voglino Renato (Seargeant), Andronico Massimo (1st Corporal), Fontano Antonio
(3rd Corporal) and Conte Alessandro (Corporal), if required by any court or
lawful authority, fully meets the ends of justice and protects wholly the interest
of the Government of Kerala. In no way it affects the Government of Kerala's
right to proceed with the investigation and prosecute the offenders.
26.
Having
regard to the above, we dispose of the present Appeal by the following order :-
(1) Subject to the compliances by the appellants as noted below, the Government
of Kerala and its authorities shall allow the first appellant vessel to
commence her voyage :- (a) The Master of the first appellant vessel, the Managing
Director of the owner of the first appellant vessel and the Managing Director
of the shipping agent, namely, James Mackintosh & Co. Pvt. Ltd shall furnish
their undertakings to the satisfaction of the Registrar General of the Kerala High
Court that six crew members, namely, Vitelli Umberto (Master), Noviello Carlo
(Master SN), James Mandley Samson (Chief Officer), Sahil Gupta (2nd Officer), Fulbaria
(Seaman) and Tirumala Rao (Ordinary Sea Man), on receipt of summons/notice from
any court or by Investigating Officer or lawful authority shall present themselves
within five weeks from the date of the receipt of such summons/notice and shall
produce the first appellant vessel, if required by any court or the Investigating
Officer or any other lawful authority, within seven weeks from the receipt of such
summons/notice. (b) The second appellant shall execute a bond in the sum of
Rupees Three Crores before the Registrar General of the Kerala High Court for production
of the first appellant vessel and securing the presence of the above six crew
members as and when called upon by any court or the Investigating Officer or
any other lawful authority. (2) The assurance given by the Republic of Italy
that if the presence of the four Marines, namely, Voglino Renato (Seargeant), Andronico
Massimo (1st Corporal), Fontano Antonio (3rd Corporal) and Conte Alessandro
(Corporal), is required by any court or lawful authority or Investigating
Officer, the Republic of Italy shall ensure their presence before such court or
lawful authority or Investigating Officer is accepted. Such assurance shall,
however, not affect the right of the above four Marines to challenge such
summons/notice issued by any court or Investigating Officer or any other lawful
authority before a competent court in India.
27.
It
is clarified that the investigation into Crime No. 2/2012 registered at
Neendakara Coastal Police Station shall not be an impediment for commencement
of the voyage by the first appellant vessel subject to port and customs
clearances in accordance with law and upon furnishing the undertakings and bond
as noted above.
28.
The
four Marines, namely, Voglino Renato (Seargeant), Andronico Massimo (1st
Corporal), Fontano Antonio (3rd Corporal) and Conte Alessandro (Corporal), may
sail on the vessel together with all equipments, arms and ammunitions on board the
first appellant vessel other than those already seized by the Investigating
Officer.
29.
No
costs.
....................J.
(R.M. LODHA)
.....................J.
(H.L. GOKHALE)
NEW
DELHI
MAY
2, 2012.
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