Yograj Infras. Ltd. Vs.
Ssang Yong Eng. & Constrn. Co. Ltd. & ANR.
[Special Leave
Petition (C) No.24746 of 2010]
J U D G M E N T
ALTAMAS KABIR, J.
1.
The
Special Leave Petition and the application filed on behalf of the Respondents for
early hearing and disposal of the Special Leave Petition were taken up together
for consideration. The facts on which the Special Leave Petition is based, are set
out hereinbelow.
2.
By
its letter of acceptance No.NHAI/PH 11/NHDP/ADB/GM-11/NS1/746 dated 30th December,
2005, the National Highways Authority of India, hereinafter referred to as `NHAI',
awarded a contract to the Respondent, SSANG YONG Engineering & Construction
Co. Ltd., for the National Highways Sector II Project, Package-ADB-II/C-8, which
involved the four laning of Jhansi-Lakhadon sector KM 297 to KM 351 of National
Highway 26 in the State of Madhya Pradesh. The total contract amount for the
aforesaid project was more than ` 750 crores. An agreement was entered into by the
NHAI with the Petitioner on 13th August, 2006.
Clause 27 of the Agreement
incorporated an arbitration clause stipulating that all disputes and differences
arising out of or in connection with the Agreement dated 13th August, 2006, would
be referred to arbitration to be conducted in English in Singapore in accordance
with the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules. For the purpose
of reference, Clause 27 of the Agreement relating to arbitration is extracted hereinbelow
:
"27. Arbitration
27.1 All disputes, differences arising out of or in connection with the Agreement
shall be referred to arbitration. The arbitration proceedings shall be conducted
in English in Singapore in accordance with the Ssangyong International Arbitration
Centre (SIAC) Rules as in force at the time of signing of this Agreement. The arbitration
shall be final and binding. 27.2 The arbitration shall take place in Singapore
and be conducted in English language. 27.3 None of the Party shall be entitled to
suspend the performance of the Agreement merely by reason of a dispute and/or a
dispute referred to arbitration."
3.
According
to Clause 1 of the Agreement read with the Appendix thereof, the Petitioner was
to provide all adequate manpower, material, plant, machinery, construction equipment
and all other resources, including finance, which would be required to perform the
work Bank Guarantee was furnished by the Petitioner on 31st October, 2006,
whereby the Bank undertook to pay to the Respondent on its first written demand
and without cavil or argument any sum or sums within the limits of ` 6,05,00,000/-,
without there being need to prove or give any reasons for the demand for the said
sum.
The guarantor also waived
the necessity of the Respondent Company making a demand for the debt to the contractor/petitioner
before presenting the demand. The guarantor also agreed that no change or addition
or other modification of the terms of the contract or of the work to be performed
there under or any of the contract documents, which may be made between the Respondent
and the Petitioner, would release the Bank from its liability under the Agreement.
Similarly, three Bank Guarantees of `1 crore each and one Bank Guarantee for `3
crores were also furnished to secure mobilization advance.
4.
Disputes
and differences arose between the parties relating to the performance of the Petitioner
in completing the work contracted as per the Agreement dated 13th August, 2006.
Consequently, since the Petitioner failed to carry out the works entrusted and had
allegedly been over-paid to the tune of ` 78 crores, the Respondent Company on 22nd
September, 2009, terminated the contract under Clause 23.2 of the Agreement dated
13th August, 2006 and invoked the Bank Guarantees referred to hereinbefore vide
its letters dated 25th January, 2010, 27th January, 2010 and 5th March, 2010. The
Respondent No.1 also made a subsequent demand for encashment of the Bank Guarantees
by its letter dated 6th May, 2010.
5.
In
the Special Leave Petition, the Petitioner has sought for an order of injunction
against the Respondent No.1 on the basis of alleged fraud on the part of the
said Respondent. The Petitioner also filed a criminal complaint against the Respondent
No.1 alleging fraud and making the same allegations which have been made by it in
the present Special Leave Petition. The learned Magistrate took cognizance on
the said complaint and issued process on 5th February, 2010.
6.
Aggrieved
thereby, the Respondent No.1 challenged the said order of the Magistrate dated 5th
February, 2010, taking cognizance of the criminal complaint alleging fraud, by filing
a petition under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the Jabalpur
Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court, for quashing of the cognizance taken by
the learned Magistrate.
The High Court by its
order dated 13th October, 2010, quashed the criminal proceedings commenced against
the Respondent No.1. Challenging the said order of the High Court, the Petitioner
filed Special Leave Petition (Crl) No. Crl. M.P. 2872 of 2011, which was dismissed
by this Court on 18th February, 2011.
On account of the
above, an application for early hearing and disposal of the Special Leave Petition
was filed on behalf of the Respondent No.1 urging that since the allegation of fraud
had already been decided by this Court, the present Special Leave Petition could
be finally disposed of in view of order passed by this Court in Special Leave Petition
(Crl) No. Crl. M.P. 2872 of 2011. It is in this background that the present I.A.
has been filed for early hearing and disposal of the Special Leave Petition.
7.
Appearing
for the Special Leave Petitioner, who is the opposite party in the Interlocutory
Application filed on behalf of the Respondent No.1, Mr. Jaideep Gupta, learned
Senior Advocate, contended that the stay order passed in these proceedings was liable
to be continued in view of the special equities in this case.
He submitted that the
Petitioner Company had invested large sums of money in the project and upon termination
of the contract, the dues of either party were yet to be decided and the same
could only be done at the time of the final Award. Mr. Gupta submitted that his
main emphasis in the Special Leave Petition was with regard to the special equities
which existed and the order of stay granted by this Court restraining the Respondent
No.1 Company from invoking the Bank Guarantees was liable to be continued till the
passing of the final Award by the learned Arbitrator.
8.
Ms.
Meenakshi Arora, learned Advocate, who appeared for the Respondent Company, submitted
that the prayer made on behalf of the Petitioner in the Section 9 application before
the District Court, Narsinghpur, seeking injunction against the Respondent No.1
from invoking the Bank Guarantees, was dismissed by the District Judge on 4th March,
2010, and the Appeal there from was dismissed by the Jabalpur Bench of the Madhya
Pradesh High Court on 20th August, 2010.
However, this Court had
stayed the invocation of the Bank Guarantees by the Respondent No.1 Company by an
interim order dated 31st August, 2010. Ms. Arora submitted that once the cognizance
taken by the magistrate on the petitioner's criminal complaint alleging fraud on
the part of the Respondent No.1 was quashed by the Jabalpur Bench of the Madhya
Pradesh High Court by its order dated 13th October, 2010, and even the Special
Leave Petition preferred there from was dismissed by this Court on 18th
February, 2011, the very basis for seeking injunction in the proceedings under Section
9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, stood removed.
Ms. Arora submitted that
in addition to the above, a partial Award had been made by the Arbitral Tribunal
in Singapore on 30th June, 2011, in favour of the Respondent No.1. Ms. Arora submitted
that in terms of the agreement between the parties, the Respondent No.1 Company
had made huge cash advances to the Petitioner for completion of the project, but
the same had not been fully repaid by the Petitioner and that as a result, the Respondent
No.1 should be permitted to invoke the Bank Guarantees to realize the outstanding
amounts.
According to Ms. Arora,
the dues of the Respondent No.1 Company were far beyond those claimed by the Petitioner.
Ms. Arora submitted that since the partial Award had not been challenged by the
Petitioner, the execution thereof could not be stayed and the Respondent No.1 was,
therefore, entitled to recover the amount under the partial Award. According to
Ms. Arora, the plea taken by the Petitioner in the criminal complaint and the present
Special Leave Petition was the same and since the allegation of fraud against the
Respondent No.1 by the Petitioner has been negated, the interim order restraining
the Respondent No.1 from invoking the Bank Guarantees was liable to be vacated.
9.
Ms.
Arora submitted that since payment under a Bank Guarantee can normally be stopped
only on two grounds and on no other, viz., on grounds of fraud and special equity,
and the ground of fraud having been rejected upto this Court, the only other
ground available to the Petitioner to stop the invocation of the Bank Guarantees
was on account of special equities and in the instant case the Petitioner had failed
to indicate any such special equity which entitled the Petitioner to an order of
restraint against the Respondent No.1 from invoking the Bank Guarantees in
question.
10.
Having
heard learned counsel for the parties, we are inclined to accept Ms. Meenakshi Arora's
submissions that since the Petitioner's application under Section 9 of the Arbitration
and Conciliation Act, 1996, was based mainly on allegations of fraud, which have
been rejected, there was no foundation for the stay order passed in these
proceedings to continue. We cannot lose sight of the fact that both in the criminal
proceedings as also in the proceedings under Section 9 of the aforesaid Act, the
Petitioner proved to be unsuccessful, at least upto the High Court stage. In the
criminal proceedings, the Petitioner was unsuccessful right upto this Court. In
the aforesaid circumstances, we are unable to accept the submissions relating to
special equities urged by Mr. Jaideep Gupta, particularly in view of the fact that
such a point had not been raised earlier.
11.
In
addition to the above, we also have to keep in mind the fact that a partial
Award has been made by the Arbitral Tribunal which has not been questioned or challenged
by the Petitioner and the Respondent No.1 is entitled to the amount awarded in
the partial Award.
12.
Accordingly,
we are not inclined to disturb the order of the High Court and the Special Leave
Petition is, therefore, dismissed with cost of `1 lakh to be paid by the Petitioner
Company to the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee. The Interlocutory
Application is also disposed of by this order.
............................................................J.
(ALTAMAS KABIR)
............................................................J.
(JASTI CHELAMESWAR)
New
Delhi
January
31. 2012.
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