Deepak Khinchi Vs.
State of Rajasthan
[Criminal Appeal No.
719 of 2012 arising out of Special Leave Petition (Cri.) No.3989 of 2011]
(SMT.) RANJANA
PRAKASH DESAI, J.
1.
Leave
granted.
2.
This
appeal, by grant of special leave, is directed against judgment and order dated
24/01/2011 passed by the High Court of Rajasthan at Jodhpur. By the impugned judgment,
learned Single Judge dismissed Criminal Revision Petition No.853 of 2010 filed by
the appellant challenging order of Addl. Sessions Judge (Fast Track), Chittorgarh
allowing application submitted by the prosecution under Section 311 of the Code
of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short, “the Code”) and directing that trial
should proceed against the appellant for offences under Sections 3,4, 5 and 6
of the Explosive Substances Act, 1908.
3.
Before,
we turn to the facts of the case, it is necessary to have a look at Section 7
of the Explosive Substances Act, 1908 (for short, “the said Act”), as the
controversy revolves round the ‘consent to prosecute’ contemplated therein. It
reads thus: “Section 7: No court shall proceed to the trial of any person for
an offence against this Act except with the consent of the Central Government.”
It must be stated here that by Act 54 of 2001, Section 7 was amended and the
words ‘Central Government’ were substituted by the words ‘DistrictMagistrate’.
4.
The
appellant claims to be a trader registered under the provisions of the
Rajasthan Sales Tax Act, 1994. According to him, he deals in Kerosene,
lubricants, paints, varnish, thinner, petroleum products and has a license for
the storage of solvents, petrochemicals and raw material issued for the purpose
of blasting for mining, roads and other end uses.
The prosecution
alleges that on 2/5/2006 at about 6.40 p.m. a fire broke out in the shop/store
of the appellant situated at Gandhinagar Vistar Yojana, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan
due to which many children, women and men were burntalive. The SHO, Reserve Center,
Chittorgarh, upon receiving telephonic information from an unknown caller,
visited the spot and registered the First Information Report against three persons
under Sections 285, 286,323, 324, 304 of the Indian Penal Code (for short, “the
IPC” ) as well asunder Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the said Act.
The appellant was arrayed
as accused 1. Upon completion of the investigation, charge sheet was filed before
the learned CJM, Chittorgarh under Sections 285, 286, 323, 324 and304 of the
IPC as well as under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the said Act. In respect of the
offences under the provisions of the said Act, no consent of the competent
authority was taken.
5.
After
committal of the case before the Sessions Court, the case was registered as
Sessions Case No.53 of 2006. After the arguments on charge were heard on
7/8/2007, the Sessions Court directed the prosecution, in the interest of
justice, to file a reply, inter alia, stating why mandatory permission under
Section 7 of the said Act was not taken and indicating the correct legal
position in that behalf. The case was posted for hearing on22/8/2007. Though
opportunity was given, Addl. Public Prosecutor did not file any reply nor did
he submit any written arguments. He prayed that another opportunity be given to
him to file reply. In the interest of justice, learned Sessions Judge adjourned
the case.
On 10/9/2007, an application
was moved by the Addl. Public Prosecutor stating that he had written a letter
to the SHO through the Superintendent of Police but no reply has been received
so far. The case was, therefore, posted for hearing on 12/9/2007. Even on
12/9/2007, the sanction was not produced. Arguments of parties were heard and
on 13/9/2007, learned Sessions Judge discharged the appellant of the offences
under the said Act. While discharging the appellant of the said offences,
learned Sessions Judge noted that though the hearing was repeatedly postponed, Addl.
Public Prosecutor failed to produce the sanction and state the correct legal position.
The question whether
if a sanction is produced in future, the appellant could be tried for offences
under the said Act was kept open by him. He sought for an explanation from the
District Magistrate, Chittorgarh why sanction was not obtained though 14
persons had died and a number of persons had received severe burn injuries in
the disastrous fire accident. Learned Sessions Judge also called for an
explanation as to why the Chief Secretary, State of Rajasthan should not be
informed about the unhappy state of affairs due to which he was constrained to discharge
the appellant of the offences under the said Act. Learned Sessions Judge,
however, noted that it was his prima facie view that the appellant had not taken
adequate care while conducting his business of storing and marketing of
inflammable substances.
He further noted that
prima facie, it was evident that carelessness of the appellant led to the fire
in his shop killing 14 persons and injuring many. He, therefore, directed that
charge for the offences under Sections 285,286 and 304 of the IPC be framed
against the appellant on the next date of hearing of the case. It is pertinent
to note that the appellant challenged order dated 13/9/2007 before learned
Single Judge of the Rajasthan High Court. The said petition was dismissed.
6.
On
3/4/2008, the SHO, Reserve Centre, Kotwali moved an application through the
Addl. Public Prosecutor along with sanction letter issued on1/4/2008 by the
District Magistrate, Chittorgarh. On 15/5/2010, learned Sessions Judge rejected
the application on the ground that sanction to prosecute the appellant under
Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 has been granted by the District Magistrate, however, it
is not under Section 7 of the said Act. A copy of the sanction order is annexed
to the appeal memo at Ex-P/6. It would be advantageous to produce the relevant portion
of the said sanction order.
“From the
investigation of the case it has been revealed that the accused while acting
negligently and in violation of the rules of the license kept in his shop in residential
area highly inflammable substance solvent with the knowledge that it could at
any time cause heavy loss to life and property but then also he committed this act
due to which the explosion took place and the incident happened and damage has
been caused to life and property.
Therefore, against
the accused Deepak Khichi S/o Madan Lal Khichi R/o Gandhi Nagar Chittorgarh
prima facie the case under section 3, 4, 5, 6 of the Explosive Substance Act,
1908 is found to have been proved due to which under section 7 of the Explosive
Substance Act, 1908 the sanction for prosecution upon the filing of the challan
before a competent court is granted.” It is surprising that in a serious case like
this, the prosecution should not challenge order dated 15/5/2010 passed by learned
Sessions Judge.
7.
The
prosecution again submitted an application purported to be under Section 311 of
the Code along with sanction dated 1/6/2010 issued by the District Magistrate, Chittorgarh.
As stated hereinabove, the said application was allowed by learned Sessions
Judge on 16/11/2010. By the impugned order passed by the Rajasthan High Court the
order passed by learned Sessions Judge was upheld. Hence, the present appeal.
8.
We
have heard learned counsel for the parties, at some length. Counsel for the
appellant submitted that the courts below erred in allowing the application
filed by the prosecution after a delay of about three years. He submitted that
it was not open to the prosecution to make repeated attempts to get sanction
from the competent authority. Counsel submitted that by passing order under
Section 311 of the Code, the trial court has subjected the appellant to the
ordeal of a trial for the offences under the said Act after a period of three years.
This has resulted in miscarriage
of justice. Counsel submitted that since the prosecution had deliberately
delayed obtaining sanction, it cannot be now allowed to fill in the lacuna. Such
a course will result in abuse of process of court. In support of his
submissions, counsel relied on the judgments of this court in Rajendra Prasad v.
Narcotic Cell[1] and State of Himachal Pradesh v. Nishant Sareen [2].
9.
The
explosion which took place in the appellant’s shop resulted in death of 14
persons. Several persons were severely injured. Seriousness of the occurrence
can hardly be disputed. Learned Sessions Judge has framed charges against the
appellant for offences under the IPC because in his prima facie opinion, there
is enough material against the appellant to bring home the said charges.
It is unfortunate that
so far as offences under the said Act are concerned, there should be so much inaction
bordering on callousness on the part of the prosecution. Learned Sessions Judge
has in his order expressed despair about the prosecution’s conduct. He had
called for an explanation but the explanation does not appear to have come.
We express our
extreme displeasure about this approach of the prosecution. We wonder whether
as desired by learned Sessions Judge, the inaction of the prosecution was conveyed
to the Chief Secretary. Ultimately, learned Sessions Judge had to discharge the
appellant of the said charges because there was no sanction.
10.
As
stated hereinabove, on 1/4/2008 sanction was issued by the District Magistrate,
Chittorgarh, but the application made by the prosecution for framing charge
against the appellant under the said Act was rejected by learned Sessions
Judge. We are prima facie satisfied that the letter of the District Magistrate,
Chittorgarh issued on 1/4/2008 gave good and valid consent as envisaged under
Section 7 of the Act for trial of the appellant for offences under the said Act
and the learned Sessions Judge was in error in rejecting the consent letter by
his order dated 15/5/2010.
The proper course for
the prosecution was to challenge that order and have it set aside by the High
Court. Instead of taking that course, a fresh sanction was issued by the
District Magistrate, Chittorgarh on 1/6/2008.The prosecution then filed an
application under Section 311 of the Code. It was prayed that sanction issued
under Section 7 of the said Act by the District Magistrate be taken on record and
the appellant be tried for offences under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the said Act.
Learned Sessions Judge
while granting the said application, relied on the judgment of Rajasthan High Court,
Jaipur Bench in Ramjani & Ors. v. State of Rajasthan[3] wherein it was held
that where sanction under Section 7 of the said Act is not obtained, the
prosecution will have to be quashed but it would be open to the prosecution to start
the prosecution afresh after obtaining sanction from the competent authority. The
High Court upheldthis order.
11.
Before
dealing with the submissions of learned counsel, we shall refer to the
judgments on which reliance is placed by learned counsel for the appellant. In
Rajendra Prasad, this court explained when a court can exercise its power of
recalling or re-summoning witnesses. While repelling the contention raised by
counsel for the appellant therein that power under Section 311 of the Code was
being exercised to fill in the lacuna, this court observed that a lacuna in the
prosecution must be understood as the inherent weakness or a latent wedge in
the matrix of the prosecution case.
The advantage of it
should normally go to the accused in the trial of the case, but an oversight in
the management of the prosecution cannot be treated as irreparable lacuna. This
court clarified that no party in a trial can be foreclosed from correcting
errors and if proper evidence was not adduced or a relevant material was not
brought on record due to any in advertence, the court should be magnanimous in permitting
such mistakes to be rectified. This court observed that after all, function of the
criminal court is administration of criminal justice and not to count errors
committed by the parties or to find out and declare who among the parties
performed better.
In our opinion, the appellant
cannot draw any support from this judgment because it arose out of a totally different
facts scenario. If at all the observations of this court quoted by us would
help the prosecution rather than the appellant. No question of sanction was
involved in that case. The prosecution and defence had closed their evidence
and thereafter at the instance of the prosecution, two of the witnesses who had
already been examined, were summoned for the purposes of proving certain
documents for prosecution. In the circumstances, the question arose whether by
making application under Section 311 of the Code, the prosecution was trying to
fill in the lacuna. In our opinion, Rajendra Prasad has no application to the
present case.
We do not want to express
any opinion as to whether in this case, the application was made rightly under
Section 311 of the Code by the prosecution. We find that, in substance, the
application filed by the prosecution was for tendering the consent/sanction of
the District Magistrate, on record and requesting the court to start trial
against the appellant for the offences punishable under the said Act. Learned
Sessions Judge granted the said application.
12.
In
Nishant Sareen, the respondent therein was caught red-handed accepting bribe
from the complainant. Sanction was sought by the Vigilance Department under
Section 19 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 to prosecute the respondent.
The Principal Secretary (Health) found no justification in granting sanction to
prosecute the respondent. Sanction was refused. Thereafter, Vigilance
Department took up the matter again with the Principal Secretary (Health) for
grant of sanction.
The matter was
reconsidered. Though no fresh material was available for further consideration,
the competent authority granted sanction to prosecute the respondent. It is in
these circumstances that this court observed that sanction to prosecute a
public servant on review could be granted only when fresh materials have been
collected by the investigating agency subsequent to earlier order. Reconsideration
can be done by the sanctioning authority in the light of the fresh material,
prayer for sanction having been once refused. This case also can have no application
to the facts of the present case.
Here, initially
prosecution did show lackadaisical approach in obtaining sanction. But, at no
point of time, sanction was refused. On1/4/2008, the District Magistrate granted
sanction but learned Sessions Judge rejected the application. Looking to the
seriousness of the matter, that order ought to have been challenged by the
prosecution but it was not challenged. Thereafter, the District Magistrate again
granted sanction.
Learned Sessions
Judge took that sanction on record and directed the trial to proceed against
the appellant for offences under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6of the said Act. The High
Court affirmed the view taken by learned Sessions Judge. To these facts,
judgment in Nishant Sareen, where sanction was refused earlier by the Principal
Secretary (Health) and was granted on the same material later on, can have no
application.
13.
In
this connection, we may usefully refer to the judgment of this court in State
of Goa v. Babu Thomas [4]. In that case, the respondent therein was employed as
Joint Manager in Goa Shipyard Limited, a Government of India Undertaking under
the Ministry of Defence. He was arrested by the CID, Anti-Corruption Bureau of
Goa Police on the charge that he demanded and accepted illegal gratification from
an attorney of M/s. Tirumalla Services in order to show favour for settlement of
wages, bills/arrears certification of pending bills and to show favour in the
day-to-day affairs concerning the said contractor.
The first sanction to
prosecute the respondent was issued by an incompetent authority. The second sanction
issued retrospectively after the cognizance was taken was also by an incompetent
authority. This court held that when Special Judge took cognizance, there was
no sanction under the law authorizing him to take cognizance. This was a
fundamental error which invalidated the cognizance as being without
jurisdiction. However, having regard to the gravity of the allegations leveled
against the respondent, this court permitted the competent authority to issue a
fresh sanction order and proceed afresh against the respondent from the stage
of taking cognizance of the offence.
It is pertinent to note
that the offence therein was committed on14/9/1994. Looking to the seriousness
of the offence, this court permitted the competent authority to issue fresh
sanction order after about 10 years. We have no hesitation in drawing support
from this judgment. The offence in this case is equally grave. At no stage,
sanction was refused by the competent authority. It is not the case of the
appellant that sanction is granted by the authority, which is not competent.
It is true that the proceedings
are sought to be initiated under the said Act against the appellant after three
years. But, in the facts of this case, where 14innocent persons lost their
lives and several persons were severely injured due to the blast which took
place in the appellant’s shop, three years period cannot be termed as delay. It
is also the duty of the court to see that perpetrators of crime are tried and
convicted if offences are proved against them.
We are not inclined
to accept the specious argument advanced by learned counsel for the appellant
that the lapse of three years has caused prejudice to the accused. The case
will be conducted in accordance with the law and the appellant will have enough
opportunity to prove his innocence. Besides, equally dear to us are the
victim’s rights.
14.
It
is true that learned Sessions Judge has, by his order dated13/9/2007 discharged
the appellant of the charges under Sections 3, 4, 5and 6 of the said Act
because there was no sanction. But, the prosecution has now obtained sanction. The
Sessions Judge has accepted the sanction and has directed that the trial should
be started against the appellant for offences under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of
the said Act, as well.
The order of the
Sessions Judge is affirmed by the impugned order passed by the High Court. In
view of the legal position as discussed above, and in the facts of the case, as
narrated above, we see no reason to interfere in the matter and we direct the
trial court to frame additional charges against the appellant under Sections 3,
4, 5 and 6 of the said Act and to proceed with the trial. Needless to say that
the stay of further proceedings granted by this court on 5/7/2011 shall stand
vacated.
15.
Appeal
is disposed of in the afore stated terms.
……………………………………………..J.
(AFTAB ALAM)
……………………………………………..J.
(RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI)
NEW
DELHI,
APRIL
30, 2012
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