M/S B.Fine Art
Auctioneers Pvt. Ltd. & Ors. Vs C.B.I. & ANR.
JUDGMENT
B. SUDERSHAN REDDY,
J.
1.
These
appeals are directed against the order of Delhi High Court whereby the High
Court dismissed the Writ Petition filed by the appellants and refused to quash
the FIR bearing No. RC SID 2004 E 001 registered by the CBI against the
appellants.
2.
In
order to appreciate as to whether the impugned order suffers from any
infirmity, few relevant facts leading to filing of these appeals may have to be
noticed.
RELEVANT FACTS
3.
The
appellant No. 1--M/s Bo wrings Fine Art Auctioneers Pvt. Ltd. had auctioned a
number of paintings on 20thNovember, 2002. Two paintings titled
"Reconciled" by Frederico Andreotti and "The kill" by
George D. Rowlandson were purchased by M/s Tony Haynes of England. The said two
paintings were to be exported. The Customs authorities had detained these
paintings on the suspicion that the said paintings were antiques within the
meaning of the provisions of the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972
(hereinafter referred to as `the Act'). The said paintings were examined by Deputy
Superintendent, Archaeology Customs),Archeological Survey of India on 7.1.2003
and having opined that the paintings were antiques, referred the matter to the Director
General, Archaeological Survey of India for final opinion under Section 24 of
the Act. The said paintings were seized by the Department. This was followed by
a complaint dated 6.1.2004 by Superintendent, Archaeologist (Ant.)DG/ASI
(addressed to the Superintendent of Police, CBI) in which it is inter alia
stated that after examination of the said two paintings, they were found to be
antique in nature. After receiving the complaint, further verification was conducted
by the CBI. On verification of facts, the CBI found prima facie the commission
of offence under Section 3 of the Act punishable under Section 25(1) of the
said Act. The CBI accordingly registered the FIR on 29.1.2004 under Section
120B, IPC read with Section 25(1) read with Section 3 of the Act. The CBI has
after investigation filed the charge sheet against the appellants company and
two foreign nationals who purchased the said paintings in the auction.
4.
Be
it noted that after the filing of charge sheet, the appellants filed Writ
Petition (Civil) No. 16598 of 2004 in Delhi High Court challenging the report
of Director General, ASI and for directing the Customs authorities not to proceed
in the matter on the basis of the order dated22.9.2004 passed by the
Adjudicating Authority directing confiscation of the said two paintings under
the Customs Act. In the said Writ Petition, the petitioner clearly admitted the
factum of CBI registering FIR and copy of the said FIR was also made available
for the perusal of the Court.
It may be noted that
by the time the said Writ Petition came to be filed, CBI had filed its charge sheet
on 24.08.2004 yet the petitioner had not chosen to challenge the FIR and the
charge sheet filed by the CBI. The said Writ Petition was disposed of by a
consent order directing the competent authority to pass a fresh order on the
basis of fresh report submitted by a fresh Committee. It was agreed by the
Archaeological Survey of India in that Writ Petition to reconstitute a Committee
for the examination of the paintings and to pass a fresh order in regard to the
matter in controversy. It may also be noted that CBI was not even impleaded as
a party respondent in the Writ Petition.
5.
That
in compliance of the order dated 24.03.2005, a Committee consisting of six
members was constituted to examine the said paintings. The Committee gave a
fractured verdict due to which the competent authority could not give a final
opinion.
6.
The
appellants again moved another Writ Petition (Civil) No. 5656 of 2006 before Delhi
High Court seeking appropriate directions against the ASI so as not to give
effect to undated minutes of meetings dated 26.7.2005, 2,5 & 16.08.2005 on
various grounds with which we are not concerned for the present in these appeals.
7.
The
High Court vide order dated 28.4.2006, disposed of the Writ Petition directing
the Director General, ASI to pass an order in terms of the decision of the
Division Bench dated24.3.2005 and granted stay of the prosecution till expiry
of30 days after the fresh determination/decision of Director General, ASI.
Thereafter Writ Petition (Crl.) Nos. 2103-05 of2005 have been filed resulting
in the impugned order. It is interesting to note that in the present Writ
Petition, the relief prayed for is to quash the FIR and not the order passed by
the trial Court refusing to discharge the appellants from the criminal case
filed by the CBI. The Writ Petition is mainly based on the ground that the
basis of the FIR i.e. the earlier report of Archaeological Survey of India has
been rendered redundant in view of the decision rendered by the Division Bench
of the High Court vide order dated 24.3.2005. The High Court dismissed the Writ
Petition. Hence this appeal.
8.
Ms.
Tasneem Ahamdi, learned counsel for the appellants strenuously contended that
the FIR registered by the CBI based on the earlier report of Archaeological
Survey of India has been rendered redundant. The basis of the FIR does not
survive in view of the order of the High Court dated24.3.2005 and therefore,
there cannot be any prosecution on the basis of the earlier report of the ASI.
9.
Shri
A. Mariarputham, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the CBI
submitted that the conduct of the appellants disentitles them for grant of any
relief in these appeals. It was submitted that on the date when the FIR was
lodged, there was sufficient basis and information based on which the FIR has
been registered and ultimately, resulting in filing of the charge sheet by the
CBI which cannot be quashed at this stage.
10.
A
short question that arises for our consideration is as to whether the
appellants are entitled for the relief to quash the very first FIR registered
by the CBI. There is no explanation whatsoever forth coming from the appellants
as to why they did not implead the CBI in Writ Petition (C) No. 16598 of 2004
and challenge the FIR though they were aware of the same as is evident from
their own affidavit filed in the High Court in support of Writ Petition (C) No.
16598 of 2004. It is not the case of the appellants that the FIR has been
registered by the CBI without any proper intimation from the Archaeological
Survey of India. The contention that the basis of the FIR does not survive in
view of the judgment of Delhi High Court in Writ Petition (C)No. 16598 of 2004
appears to be untenable and unsustainable.
A bare reading of the
judgment of the High Court does not support the submission made by the learned
counsel for the appellants. The High Court mainly observed that in view of the
consensus arrived at between the parties thereto, it will not be necessary for the
parties to give effect to the earlier report and "if a new report is
passed, the earlier report will not be given effect to". The earlier
report has not been set aside by the High Court and obviously to continue its
operation, a new order is to be made by the Director General, ASI which
according to the learned counsel for the appellants is not so far passed. At
any rate, all these pleas may be advanced, if at all, available to the appellants,
in the pending criminal case. It is not necessary to restate that the observation
made by the High Court that it will not be necessary for the parties to give
effect to the earlier report binds only the parties to the proceedings and
admittedly, the CBI has not been impleaded as party respondent in that Writ
Petition.
11.
On
the facts and circumstances, we are not inclined to exercise our discretion
under Article 136 of the Constitution of India to grant any relief to the
appellants. We are of the opinion that the High Court rightly refused to
exercise its discretion under Article 226 of the Constitution of India in favour
of the appellants. The jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 226 of the
Constitution to issue appropriate writs is extra-ordinary, equitable and
discretionary. Prerogative writs mentioned therein may be issued only for doing
substantial justice. No person is entitled to claim relief under Article 226 of
the Constitution as a matter of course.
12.
It
is evident from the record that after registration of the first information report
the CBI made detailed investigation in the matter and filed charge sheet for
the offence punishable under Section 25 (1) read with Section 3of the Act. The
trial court having taken cognizance of offences framed charges against all the
concerned. The appellants have even filed discharge application before the trial
court on 21.8.2006. It is not clear from the averments made in the Writ
Petition as to the result of the saidapplication.
13.
On
the facts and in the circumstances, it is not possible at this stage to quash
the very first information report, since much water has flown after
registration of the FIR by the CBI.
14.
Before
parting with the judgment it is necessary to state that the learned senior counsel
- Shri A. Mariarputham based on the Minutes of the Expert Committee dated 12.04.2010
and the order of Director General, ASI suggested that the prosecution of the appellants
may be confined only with regard to the painting "Reconciled" which
alone held to be antiquity. It was a fair suggestion but the learned counsel
for the appellants expressed her reservation as regards the very validity of said
minutes and order of Director General and wanted the question to be left open.
We accordingly express no opinion as regards the validity of the minutes and
order dated12.4.2010 of Director General, Archaeology. In the circumstances, we
wish to express no opinion on the same except to observe that the defence of
the appellants based on the present report during the course of the hearing of these
appeals is left open.
15.
We,
however, make it clear that it is for the trial court to consider as to whether
the paintings in question are antiquities as alleged by the prosecution. The
said question may have to be decided by the trial court upon appreciation of
the evidence that may be brought on record. The trial court shall consider the
same uninfluenced by the observations made in the impugned order of the High
Court and as well as the observations made, if any, in this order.
16.
For
the aforesaid reasons, we do not find any merit in these appeals. They are
accordingly dismissed.
..........................................................J.
(B. SUDERSHAN REDDY)
..........................................................J.
(SURINDER SINGH NIJJAR)
JANUARY
25, 2011.
NEW
DELHI
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