Shyamalika Das Vs.
Gen.Manager,Gridco & ANR [2010] INSC 802 (20 September 2010)
Judgment
IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 8181 OF 2010 [ARISING
OUT OF SLP(C) NO.21509 OF 2010] SHYAMALIKA DAS ....APPELLANT VS.
ORDER R. V.
RAVEENDRAN J.,
1.
Leave
granted. Heard.
2.
The
appellant claims to be the owner of a residential plot measuring 10 cents. The
respondents (earlier GRIDCO, now Orissa Power Transmission Corporation Ltd.)
while laying and erecting Budhipadar - Bolangir 220 KV Line, has erected Tower
No.54D for drawing high tension transmission lines in the appellant's property.
The appellant objected to the erection on the ground that the entire homestead
land would be rendered useless. According to the respondents, only one of the
four legs of the tower is fixed in one extremity end of the plaintiff's
property and they are willing 2 to compensate the appellant in this behalf.
Respondents deny that appellant's land is a residential plot.
3.
The
appellant filed a suit for a permanent injunction in the year 2002 to restrain
the respondents from interfering with her possession and the said suit was
decreed on 25.2.2004 restraining the respondents from interfering with
appellant's possession of the suit property. The appeal filed by the
respondents was dismissed on 23.12.2005. The second appeal filed by the
respondents was allowed by the High Court in part, by the impugned judgment
dated 5.2.2010. The High Court permitted the respondents to draw the
electricity transmission line over the appellant's land as per its project
scheme and declared that the appellant will be entitled to Rs.1,75,000/- as
compensation, for raising the high tension tower over the appellant's land.
The High Court has
further directed that respondents will not acquire any title over the
appellant's land except to maintain the tower and the area below the tower.
Aggrieved by the said decision, the applicant has filed this appeal by special
leave inter alia contending that the High Court has acted beyond its
jurisdiction under section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure (for short `the
Code') by erroneously purporting to exercise power under sections 89 and 151 of
the Code.
4.
The
High Court rendered a rather peculiar judgment, which is neither on merits of
the matter, nor based on any settlement reached by the parties.
Nor did it assign any
reasons for interfering with the concurrent findings arrived at by the trial
court and first appellate court. After referring to the facts and the
provisions of section 89 of the Code, the High Court held :
"In the facts of
this case, where the court is required to weigh the individual interest of the
plaintiff vis-`-vis the general public interest for getting electricity supply,
the learned court below should have come to the finding that the balance of
convenience weigh in favour of the appellant- defendant in drawing the
transmission line for supply of electricity from Budhipadar to Bolangir and the
loss to be sustained by the plaintiff can be compensated in money value which
is the cardinal principle prescribed under section 38 of the Specific Relief
Act under which the suit for permanent injunction was filed. ....
Keeping the above
aspects of the case in view, it would have been apt for the court to find ways
and means to see that public inconvenience is avoided while protecting the
interest of the plaintiff. For the above, aid may be drawn from section 89 of
the Code of Civil Procedure.
It would be apt to
state here that it is by now well settled that no legislative enactment dealing
with procedure can provide for all cases that may possibly arise. The courts,
therefore, have inherent powers apart from express provisions of law, which are
necessary for proper discharge of functions and duties imposed upon them by
law. ....
Thus, applying the
inherent power under section 151 CPC along with the provisions of section 89
CPC in consideration of the nature of dispute involved in this appeal, without
referring the matter for a settlement out of court, this Court takes up the
matter to find out a via media for deciding the case finally and orders that on
the appellant paying a sum of Rs.1,75,000/- as compensation for raising High
Tension Tower over the land of the respondent, to the respondent, they shall be
permitted to draw the transmission line of 220 KV over the land of the
respondent as per the scheme. ..."
5.
The
learned Single Judge misconstrued the scope of section 89 of the Code and the
nature of the powers of a court under sections 89 and 151 of 4 the Code.
Section 89 merely enables the court to refer the subject matter of the suit to
either of the following alternative dispute resolution processes :
(a) arbitration; (b)
conciliation; (c) judicial settlement; (d) lok adalat; and (e) mediation.
Arbitration is an adjudicatory process. The four other processes are
non-adjudicatory dispute resolution processes. In a non-adjudicatory process
(conciliation or mediation or lok adalat or judicial settlement), there is no
`decision' but there can only be a settlement by mutual consent of the parties.
Where there are no negotiations for a settlement and where the parties do not
arrive at a settlement, there cannot obviously be an order by the court
rendering a decision in exercise of power under section 89 of the Code. [See :
generally Afcons Infrastructure Ltd vs. Cherian Varkey Construction Company Pvt
Ltd - 2010 (7) SCALE 293).
6.
We
may usefully refer to the following observations made by this Court in State of
Punjab vs. Jalour Singh - (2008) 2 SCC 660 made with reference to lok adalat
which will equally apply to the other forms of non- adjudicatory dispute
resolution process :
"It is evident
from the said provisions that Lok Adalats have no adjudicatory or judicial
functions. Their functions relate purely to conciliation. A Lok Adalat
determines a reference on the basis of a compromise or settlement between the
parties at its instance, and put its seal of confirmation by making an award in
terms of the compromise or settlement. When the Lok Adalat is not able to
arrive at a settlement or compromise, no award is made and the case record is
returned to the court 5 from which the reference was received, for disposal in
accordance with law. No Lok Adalat has the power to "hear" parties to
adjudicate cases as a court does. It discusses the subject matter with the
parties and persuades them to arrive at a just settlement. In their
conciliatory role, the Lok Adalats are guided by principles of justice, equity,
fair play. When the LSA Act refers to 'determination' by the Lok Adalat and
'award' by the Lok Adalat, the said Act does not contemplate nor require an
adjudicatory judicial determination, but a non-adjudicatory determination based
on a compromise or settlement, arrived at by the parties, with guidance and
assistance from the Lok Adalat. The 'award' of the Lok Adalat does not mean any
independent verdict or opinion arrived at by any decision making process. The
making of the award is merely an administrative act of incorporating the terms
of settlement or compromise agreed by parties in the presence of the Lok
Adalat, in the form of an executable order under the signature and seal of the
Lok Adalat."
7.
In
this case, the decision of the High Court is neither in the exercise of its
judicial power to decide the lis before it, nor as a consequence of the learned
Single Judge acting as a facilitator (that is as a Conciliator or Mediator or
Lok Adalat) enabling the parties to arrive at a settlement. Nor was any
`judicial settlement' attempted or arrived at. There were no negotiations
between the parties and no settlement between the parties.
What the court has
assumed is a jurisdiction, which is an extraordinary amalgamation of imagined
judicial and conciliatory power, unknown to the system of law which is followed
in Indian Courts. The High Court has heard the parties and rendered a judgment
where the decision is not based either on any judicial reasoning or any
settlement between the parties but based on what the learned Judge considered
as a just and expeditious solution to the dispute under section 89 read with
section 151 of the Code. Neither 6 section 89 or section 151 of the Code
authorizes or enables the court to pass such an order.
8.
As
noticed above, the suit was for a permanent injunction. In such a suit, the
court cannot issue a direction permitting the respondents to erect the tower
and direct respondents to pay compensation of Rs.1,75,000/-, without such
questions being in issue and without any material being placed before it by
either parties. The enthusiasm of the learned Single Judge to render quick
justice has persuaded him to overlook the provisions of law and assume non-
existing powers under sections 89 and 151 of the Code.
9.
In
view of the above, we allow this appeal, set aside the order of the High Court
and remand the matter back to the High Court for disposal of the Second Appeal
in accordance with law, with reference to section 100 of the Code. On the facts
and circumstances, we request the High Court to dispose of the matter
expeditiously.
.................................J
(R. V. RAVEENDRAN)
.................................J
(H.L. GOKHALE)
New
Delhi;
September
20, 2010.
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