Mohammad Mian Vs
State of U.P.
JUDGMENT
HARJIT SINGH BEDI,J.
1.
This
judgment will dispose of Criminal Appeal Nos.310 of2006 and 282 of 2006. They
arise out of the following facts:
2.
Mohammad
Mian, one of the appellants herein, was running a fair price shop in the outer
portion of his house situated in village Ferozpur, District Bareilly. At about
7 a.m. on the 20th of April 1980 Iqrar Mohammad son of Firasat Husain PW-2 went
to the fair price shop to buy sugar but Crl. Appeal No.310/2006 etc. instead of
supplying2 kgs. of sugar as per the ration card, Mohammad Mian gave only 1 Kg. Firasat
Husain then went to Mohammad Mian's shop and remonstrated with him and asked
him as to why hehad supplied only half the quantity of sugar that was due on his
card. Mohammad Mian, however, abused him and told him that he would give only
that quantity and he could take it or leave it as he wished.
Mohammad Mian
immediately thereafter fired a shot at Firasat Husain with his gun hitting him
on his thigh and as he turned backwards Mohammad Mian's son, Zamir Mian, fired
at him with a country made pistol hitting him on the upper right gluteal region
on which Firasat Husain fell down on the ground. On hearing the sound of the
firing, Riyasat Husain, father of Firasat Hussain went out of his house and
moved in that direction and on seeing his son lying injured, he questioned
Mohammad Mian which resulted in a quarrel between them. Mohammad Mian there upon
asked his sons Ahmad Mian and Shamim Mian to kill Riyasat Husain on which Ahmed
Mian picked up a gun and Shamim Mian a country made pistol and rushed to the Crl.
Appeal No.310/2006 etc. roof of their house and as Riyasat Husain turned to
move away, each of the mfired a shot at him in quick succession on which he
fell down. On hearing the sound of the firing, Sharafat Husain, PW-1 too left
his house and proceeded towards the scene of occurrence.
The incident was also
witnessed by Sabir Husain, Mohd. Aslam, Rahat Husain and Summeri PW-3, who too
were going to the shop for purchasing sugar. Sharafat Husain immediately went
to his father who was lying in a precarious condition and gasping for breath
and removed him to his house but he succumbed to his injuries within a short
time. Firasat Husain, the injured was also brought from the place where he lay.
Leaving his father's dead body and his injuredbrother in the family home,
Sharafat Husain left for Police Station, Shahi at a distance of about 4 miles
from village Ferozpur and lodged the FIR at 9.10 a.m. It is the case of the defence
that the special report was delivered to the Magistrate the next day i.e. the
25th April, 1980. After receiving the information of the murder, Sub-Inspector
Sri Nivas Sharma immediately reached village Ferozpur and made the necessary Crl.
Appeal No.310/2006 etc. inquiries and drew the inquest report. He also
dispatched the dead body for the post-mortem examination. Firasat Husain was
also sent to the District Hospital for treatment.
The police officer
also prepared the site plan and also collected blood stained earth from two
places, one portion from the scene of occurrence andanother from the house of
the deceased where the dead body had been brought. Firasat Husain was medically
examined by Dr. J.N. Bhargava at the District Hospital, Bareilly at 12.25p.m. on
the 24th April, 1980 with two injuries, one being a gunshot wound entry and the
other its exit. Riyasat Husain's body was also subjected to a post-mortem
examination at 2.30p.m. on the 25th April, 1980, and nine injuries were found thereon,
four gun shot wounds of entry and four of exit whereas the 9th was an abrasion.
On an internal examination on the body, the humer us and a rib were found to be
fractured on account of the gun shot injury. On the completion of the investigation,
the accused i.e. Mohammad Mian and his sons Ahmad Mian, Shamim Mian and Zamir
Mian were committed to the Court of Sessions for offences punishable under
Section Crl. Appeal No.310/2006 etc. 302 and 307 of the IPC and as they
pleaded not guilty, they were brought to trial.
3.
The
prosecution in support of its case, examined three eye witnesses, Sharafat
Husain PW-1, Firasat Husain PW-2and Summeri PW-3, Dr. J.N. Bhargava, PW-4 who
had examined Firasat Husain for his injuries, Dr. K.S. Tiwari, PW-5 who had
conducted the autopsy on the dead body, PW-6Sub-Inspector Srinivas Sharma the
main investigating officer and PW-7 Head Constable Raghvendra Pal Singh who had
recorded the F.I.R. and dispatched the special report to the Magistrate. The
accused denied the allegations leveled against them and pleaded that they had
been implicated in a false case.
4.
The
trial court on a consideration of the evidence (and while believing most of the
prosecution story) held that the charge against the accused under Section
302/34 could not be made out as the medical evidence did not correspond to the
ocular version. All the accused were acquitted of this charge. The trial court,
however, held Mohammad Mian guilty for the offence punishable under Section 307
of the IPC for having caused the gun shot injury on the person of Firasat
Husain and sentenced him to 6years R.I., but acquitted the other accused of
that offence as well.
5.
Aggrieved
by the judgment aforesaid, the State preferred an appeal assailing the
acquittal of the accused whereas the Mohammad Mian filed a separate appeal
challenging his conviction and sentence under Section 307 of the IPC. The High
Court acutely conscious of the fact that it was largely dealing with an appeal
against acquittal and the limitations that went with it, re-appraised the
evidence and observed that the three eye witnesses, particularly the injured
Firasat Husain, could not be disbelieved. The Court noted that though in the
FIR Sharafat Husain had not stated that he had witnessed the murder of his
father, but the fact that the site plan had been prepared at his instance
showing that he had witnessed the occurrence from near the `baithak' of Chhotey
Pradhan, he was indeed an eye witness to the murder. The Court observed that the
distance between the house of the complainant party and the accused was only 60
or 70 paces (which would make it about 100 feet) and this short distance and
the sequence of events that preceded the firing made it clear that Sharafat Husain
too had witnessed the incident. The Court also found that after receiving the
firearm injury, Firasat Husain had fallen at a distance of 10 feet from the
fair price shop of Mohammad Mian and he was, therefore, in an apparent position
to witness the fatal assault on his father.
Likewise, the Court
observed that PW-3 Summeri was a trust worthy witness as he too had seen the
incident from the `baithak' of Chhotey Pradhan after being attracted by the
altercation between Firasat Husain and Mohammad Mian. The Court finally
concluded that the eye witness account could not be faulted in any manner. The
High Court then dealt with the medical evidence vis-a-vis the ocular evidence
and observed that as per the prosecution story the fatal shots had been firedat
the deceased by Ahmad Mian and Shamim Mian from the roof of the house which was
about 10 feet in height. The Court observed thatmerely because the wounds of
entry and exit were either parallel to each other or in one case the exit wound
wasslightly higher than the wound of entry would not detract from the other
evidence as it could not be said with certainty as to the posture which the
deceased and the assailants were applying when the shots had been fired. The
Court also observed that the FIR had been lodged promptly and the special
report also delivered within a reasonable time which testified to the
truthfulness of the prosecution story. The Court, accordingly, set aside the
order of the trial court acquitting Mohammad Mian, Ahmad Mian and Shamim Mian for
the offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and
sentenced each of them to imprisonment for life. The Criminal Appeal filed by
Mohammad Mian challenging his conviction under Section307 was also dismissed.
It was also directed that the sentence of the accused were to run concurrently.
The two appeals mentioned above have been filed impugning the judgment of the
High Court.
6.
Mr.
Ranjit Kumar, the learned senior counsel for the appellants, has raised several
arguments during the course of hearing. He has pointed out that the High Court
had ignored the basic fact that it was dealing with an appeal against acquittal
in so far as the charge of murder was concerned and it could not be said that
the judgment of the Trial Court was so perverse or against the evidence that
interference was called for. He has further pleaded that the FIR had not been lodged
at its purported time but in fact much later and then ante-timed in the light
of the fact that the special report, as per the FIR itself, had been dispatched
to the Magistrate on the 25th of April, 1980 i.e. a day after the incident. He
has, accordingly, pleaded that this delay had been utilized by the prosecution
to involve the entire family of Mohammad Mian in a false case, though the
circumstances showed that neitherPW-1 nor PW-3 had been present at the spot. It
has also been emphasized that the medical evidence did not conform to the ocular
testimony leading to the conclusion that the incident had not happened in the
manner suggested by the prosecution.
7.
Mr.
Pramod Swarup, the learned senior counsel representing the State of Uttar
Pradesh, has, however, controverted these submissions and has pointed out that
the distance between the house of the deceased and the shop and house of the
accused was only 70 paces or 100 feet and on account of this very short
distance and the time of the incident being 7 a.m., the presence of the eye
witnesses at home was to be expected. It has also been pleaded that the
presence ofFirasat Hussain who had been grievously injured with afirearm could
not, in any case, be disbelieved and in the light of this fact even assuming
there was some discrepancy in the medical evidence vis-`-vis the ocular one,
the same could be ignored. It has, further, been submitted that there was no delay
in the lodging of the FIR or the delivery of the special report in the light of
the statement of Head Constable Raghvendra Prasad Singh PW-7 who had deposed
that the special report had been dispatched to the Magistrate within a very
short time, with the result that there was no time to cook up a false story.
8.
We
have considered the arguments advanced by the learned counsel for the parties.
It will be noticed that the trial court had given findings in favour of the
prosecution on virtually all aspects, but had ultimately acquitted the accused of
the charge of murder almost exclusively on the ground that the medical evidence
did not conform to or support the ocular version. The High Court has, merely,
reversed this aspect of the trial court judgment and held that a case of murder
was also made out against three of the accused, that is the present appellants.
It is in this background that the entire matter would have to be examined by
us.
9.
Undoubtedly,
the prompt lodging of the FIR is a very significant factor in any criminal
prosecution. There are several parameters by which the spontaneity of a F.I.R.
and the prosecution's story as to the time at which it had been lodged has to
be adjudged, and one of the primary factors is the time of the delivery of the
special report to the Magistrate, as it is expected that he being unconnected
in any manner with the investigation or the prosecution would be an
independent person to endorse as to the time that a copy of the FIR had been
received by him. It has come in the evidence that the incident had happened in village
Ferozpur at 7 a.m. on the 24th April of 1980. The FIR(purportedly) had been
lodged at Police Station, Shahi, about 4km. away at 9.10 a.m. and as per the
column in the statutory form dealing with F.I.R's, the copy of the special
report had been dispatched from the Police Station on the 25th April, 1980to
the Magistrate at Bareilly at a distance of 39 Kms..Undoubtedly, this date, if
accurate, would arouse great suspicion about the time that the FIR had been
lodged an dipso facto some suspicion about the prosecution story as well. We
have, however, gone through the evidence of PW-7 Head Constable Raghvendra
Prasad Singh.
This police official categorically
stated that the copy of the special report had been dispatched from the Police
Station on the 24th April, 1980through Constable Mahesh and the said Constable
had returned to the police station at 9:15 p.m. on the same day after
delivering the special report and that both the departure and arrival reports had
been recorded in the daily diary of the Police Station. Mr. Ranjit Kumar has,
however, emphasized that the statement ofPW-7 was at variance with the entry
made in the FIR, (as noted above) and as such was an after thought. It is
extremely significant, however, that PW-7 was not even remotely cross-examined
on the apparent confusion in the time factor with regard to the special report.
We are, therefore, of the opinion that no advantage can be taken by the defence
on account of this discordance, if any. We must therefore take it as proved that
the incident had indeed happened at 7 a.m., the FIR had been recorded at 9.10
a.m. and the special report had been delivered to the Magistrate the same day.
10.
We
now examine the other evidence in the above background. It bears notice that
PW-2 Firasat Husain was gravely injured in the incident. His presence,
therefore, cannot be doubted. We have gone through the medical evidence with
respect to his injuries and find five gun shot wounds of entry on the spine
with a corresponding wound of exit over the right buttock. The doctor had
examined Firasat at 12.25 p.m. on the 24th April, 1980 and opined that the
injuries could have been suffered within six hours. This corresponds fully with
the prosecution story. It is this injury which has led to the conviction of
Mohammad Mian under Section 307 of the IPC. We also see that the presence of
PW-1 Sharafat Husain, the author of the FIR, can also not be doubted. It is
true that in the FIR recorded at his instance, he does not specifically allude
to his presence at the spot. A perusal of the FIR, however, reveals that read
as a whole, it makes out that he was indeed an eye witness. We have examined
the evidence ofPW-6 Shri Nivas Sharma, one of the investigating officers, who had
prepared the site plan and had also carried out the preliminary investigations
at the site. He deposed in his examination-in-chief that he had also recorded
the statement of Sharafat Husain at the spot and had prepared the site plan on
his instructions and had also shown (in the site plan) the place from where he
had seen the incident. When the statement of this witness is read in the
background of the site plan, it is clearthat Sharafat Husain was indeed present
at the crucial time. Mr. Ranjit Kumar has also drawn our attention to the
evidence of Summeri PW-3, the third eye witness, who is said to be a totally
independent one.
He has referred us to
his cross-examination where he says that he had not made any statement to the
Darogaji under Section 161 of the Cr.P.C. Toour mind, this appears to be an
attempt to help the defence as the Darogaji referred to i.e. PW-6 categorically
stated that he had recorded his statement on the date of the murder. We also
see from the site plan that the presence of PW-3 also figures as having seen
the murder from outside the house of Chhotey Pradhan, a very short distance
away. To our mind, therefore, the presence of this witness can also not be doubted.
Concededly, PW-6 did not record the statement of any of the persons of the
immediate neighborhood. He admitted to this fact in his cross-examination. We
cannot, however, ignore the sad but basic truth that so-called independent
witnesses tend to stay far away and are not willing to come fort hays they
often face grave consequences. The prosecution has therefore, perforce, to fall
back on the testimonies of witnesses who are friends or family members of the
victim. In the present case, we find that the house of the complainants was only
100 feet from the house of accused and the incident happened about 10 feet away
from the house of the accused. As already mentioned above, the presence of all
the witnesses was, therefore, natural at the time when the incident appended
and that in any case Firasat Husain was a stamped witness, against whom no
suspicion could be raised.
11.
We
have also gone through the depositions of the three eye-witnesses. They have
categorically stated that there was enmity between the parties since long. It
appears that the dispute with regard to the 1 Kg. sugar had merely precipitated
the festering animosity. All the witnesses have stated as to the manner in
which first Mohammad Mian had shot Firasat Husain and when his father had come
forward to see what had happened, he had been shot dead by the other two accused
from the roof of their residential house. The learned counsel for the appellants
has, however, referred us to some inconsistencies inter se the statements of
these three witnesses. To our mind, they are so insignificant that they call
for no serious discussion as they are bound to appear in the statement of any
witness.
12.
The
trial court had acquitted the accused of the charge of murder primarily on the
ground that the medical evidence did not support the ocular version of the
incident. To our mind, the reasons given by the trial court were not well
considered. It has been observed by the Trial Court thus:
"Moreover, the
medical evidence also does not fit in the prosecution story in this case even
if it is presumed although reluctantly that the fatal shots were fired from
the roof top by the accused Ahmad Mian and Shamin Mian. According to Dr. K.S.Tiwari
who conducted the post mortem examination of the deadly body of Riasat Husain there
were four gun shot wounds of entry on the back of chest of the deceased which
are injuries no.1 to 4 in the post mortem examination report Ex. Ka-3. Their
corresponding wounds of exit are injuries no.5,6,7 and 8 respectively.
According to PW5 Dr. K.S. Tiwari the exit wounds of injury No.1 is slightly
higher than the wound of entry. This particular injury cannot be caused from
roof top. Crl. Appeal No.310/2006 etc. 18The witnessPW.1 Sharafat Husain
stated that the height of the roof from where the fatal shots were fired is
about 10' and there is also a Mundair thereon about 1 =' or 2'high. This
witness also stated that the deceased Riasat Husain was at a distance of 6 or 7
stops from the door of the shop from the roof of which the accused Shamim Mian
and Ahmad Mian fired the shots. This topography makes it certain that injury
No.1 corresponding to its wound of exit injury no.5 cannot be caused from the
roof top.
The witness PW5 Dr.
K.S.Tiwari further stated that injury No.2 and injury No.4 have their exit
wound at the same level. This witness further says that the exit wound of
injury No.3 is slightly on a lower plan. Thus the position of the wounds of
entry andexit is such that it is difficult to believe that the firing in which
Riasat Husain (illegible)was caused from the roof top as alleged by the
prosecution. It appears that the firing actually took place from the shop
itself and the two accused Ahmad Mian and Shamim Mian were elevated to the roof
top simply to be seen by the witnesses from point `F' and in this process the
prosecution evidence lost its credibility and led the court only to a confusion
which was aggravated all the more by the contents of the FIR Ex.Ka01. It became
and doubtful under these circumstances to ascertain which of the two sets of
accused fired the fatal shot. The court cannot presume that it were the accused
Mohammad Mian and Zamir Mian standing at the shop fired the fatal shots because
they are not stated by the witnesses to have fired any shot at Riasat Husain
deceased. The other set of the two accused Ahmad Mian and Shamim Mian are unautmously
alleged to be at the roof top and firstal leged to have fired at Riasat Husain
at his chest and then at his back but by medical evidence it is not probable that
the fatal shots were at all fired from the roof top."
13.
To
our mind, these observations are meaningless in the light of the ocular
evidence when read in the context of incident as it happened. The post-mortem
examination of the dead body was conducted by PW-5 Dr. K.S.Tiwari on the
25thApril, 1980 at 2.30 p.m. He had found the following injuries thereon : "(1)
Gun Shot wound of entry 1 cm x 1 cm x chest cavity deep on back of scapula
lateral end, margins inverted and ragged. No blackening or tattooing present.
Under the injury humerus bone was fractured on upper part. (2) Gun shot wound
of entry 1 cm x 1 cm x cavity deep on left side back of chest 5 cm below injury
No.1. Margins inverted and ragged. No blackening or tattooing present. (3) Gun
shot wound of entry 1 cm x 1 cm x cavity deep on left side back of chest 8 cm
away from middle and 19 cm below root neck. Margins inverted and ragged. No
blackening or tattooing present. (4) Gun shot wound of entry 1 cm x 1 cm x caity
deep on left side back 10 cm below injury No.3. (5) Gun shot wound of exit 1.2
cm x 1 cm on the front of left shoulder 2 cm below top of shoulder
corresponding to injury No.1, margins everted. Crl.Appeal No.310/2006 etc. 20 (6)
Gun shot wound of exit 1.2 cm x 1.1. cm on front of chest left side upper part
4 cm above left nipple corresponding to injury No.2 margins everted. (7) Gun
shot wound of exit on left side chest 6.5 cm below left nipple corresponding to
injury No.3, margins everted. (8) Gun shot wound of exit 1.2 cm x 1 cm on front
of chest left side 2.1 cm from midline and 19 cm from umbilicus corresponding
to injury No.4, margins everted. (9) Abrasion 2 cm x 2 cm on outer aspect of left
buttock 10 cm below anterior superior iliac spine."
14.
The
doctor opined that the exit of injury No.1 was at a marginally higher level
than the wound of entry, that the exit and entry wounds of injury No.2 were at
the same level whereas the exit wound of Injury No.3 and 4 were at a slightly lower
level than the wounds of entry. The doctor also opined that there were
fractures of the left humer us bone, the 5th ribon the right side and the 7th
costal cartilage. We must observe that country made weapons had been used and the
performance of these weapons being unpredictable and uncertain, the trajectory
of the bullet alone would not be as afe basis for assessing the entire evidence
more particularly as the projectiles could have been deflected from their true
path by the bones or tissues that came along the way. This is what Dr. Modi has
to say in Modi's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, Twenty-third Edition at
page 724: Direction from which the Weapon was fired. "The question
regarding the direction of fire, whether from right to left or from front to
back is of medico-legal importance. To ascertain this, it is necessary to know
the position of the victim at the time of the discharge of the bullet, when a straight
line drawn between the entrance and exit wounds and prolonged in front
generally indicates the line of direction. In some cases, it is difficult to
determine the direction as the bullet is so often deflected by the tissues that
its course is very irregular, also when the bullet wobbles."
There is yet another
circumstance which is extremely relevant. It is the case of the prosecution
that the gun shots had been fired from the roof of the house of Mohammad Mian which
was 10 or 12 feet high. It has come in the statements of Sharafat Husain and
Firasat Husain that the firing was from adistance of 10 to 12 steps which would
mean 15 feet. This clearly corresponds to the nature of the injuries found on
the dead body. The trial court seems to have been greatly influenced by the
fact that the prosecution story that the shots had been fired from the roof was
deliberately created by the prosecution as otherwise Mohammad Mian's house
would not have been in their direct line of sight. We have, however, considered
this aspect in the light of the statement of PW-1.
He candidly admitted
that the shop of Mohammad Mian was not visible from their house as there was a
mosque in between but after 10 feet or so beyond the grave located near the
gate, the shop of the accused could be seen. In this situation, we find that
the normal tendency of a witness who had heard the sound of repeated gun shots close
to his house would be to move in that direction. This is what Sharafat Husain
apparently did as after hearing the sound of the first shot fired at Firasat
Husain, both the deceased and Sharafat had been attracted towards that way leading
to the murder. We also see from the site plan which had been prepared
contemporaneously that the gun shots had been fired on the deceased from the
roof of the house. The finding of the trial court, therefore, that the
prosecution had changed the location of the two accused to bring them on the
roof, was speculative. We are, therefore, of the opinion that no fault can be
found with the judgment of the High Court. The appeals are, accordingly,
dismissed.
...................................J.
(HARJIT SINGH BEDI)
...................................J.
(CHANDRAMAULI KR. PRASAD)
DECEMBER
16, 2010
NEW
DELHI.
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