Sanjay Kumar Jain Vs State
of Delhi
JUDGMENT
Dalveer Bhandari, J.
1.
Leave
granted.
2.
This
appeal arises out of the judgment and order of the High Court of Delhi passed
in Criminal Appeal No.63 of 1997dated 12.11.2009.
3.
The
brief facts giving rise to this appeal are as under: The appellant Sanjay Kumar
Jain was married to Smt. Anju Jain (since deceased) on 20th February, 1990. After
marriage, only both of them started residing at house No.2803, Gali No.6,
Chander Puri, Kailash Nagar, Delhi. It is the case of the prosecution that the
deceased was harassed for insufficient dowry and the harassment continued till
her death. Admittedly, Smt. Anju Jain died within one year and two months of
marriage on 10.4.1991.
4.
A
call was received from one Nanak Chand, P.W.1 on10.4.1991 at 8.50 p.m. at the
police control room about the murder of the deceased and accordingly DD Entry
No.11A was recorded. On reaching the spot, the police found Sub-Inspector Budh
Sain along with police staff was already present there. A bunch of keys was
provided by neighbor Sadhna PW8 and one of the keys fitted the lock and after opening
the door, they climbed to the first floor where the appellant and the deceased
resided. The dead body of the deceased was found lying on the floor. At the
scene of the crime, broken bangles were found lying on the floor and a hair strand
was also found on the chest of the deceased. Rukkawas sent by making
endorsement on the DD to the police station and on this basis FIR No.83 of 1991
was registered. The inquest proceedings were conducted through the area Sub-Divisional
Magistrate and the spot was photographed where after the body of the deceased
was sent for post-mortem.
5.
Dr.
L.K. Barua, P.W. 20 who conducted the post-mortem found ten ante-mortem
injuries on the body of the deceased and the cause of the death was opined as
asphyxia followings triangulation by rope like material and the injuries were sufficient
to cause death in the ordinary course of nature.
6.
The
parents of the deceased Mohan Lal, P.W. 2 (father)and Raj Bala, P.W. 3 (mother)
were examined and in their statements it was clearly stated that the deceased
was continuously being harassed on account of insufficient dowry.
7.
Mohan
Lal, P.W.2 in his statement clearly stated that: "On the demand of
accused, I paid a sum of Rs.15,000/- at one time and Rs.10,000/- another time
after about 6/7 months of marriage of my daughter with the accused. The accused
demanded the said amount as he started tent business." He further stated
that: "The accused again started harassing my daughter and used to compel
her to bring money from her parents. My daughter had told the said facts to me."
In the cross-examination, Mohan Lal, P.W.2 also stated that: 4 "I had
given the amount of Rs.10,000/- and Rs.15,000/- to the accused out of my saving
which was lying in my house and also by taking some amount from my
friends." In the cross-examination, he further stated that: "My
daughter had met me in my house about 1 or 1= months prior to her death. Even
at that time she told me that the accused used to harass her and she was
perturbed and she told me that she was hard of money and the accused had again demanded
money from her. She did not tell the particular amount which the accused had demanded."
8.
Similarly,
Raj Bala, P.W.3, the mother of the deceased also clearly stated in the
statement that: "Deceased Anju was my daughter and she was married with
the accused on 20.2.90. My daughter used to tell us that accused Sanjay used to
harass her because of insufficient dowry. She also used to tell us that accused
used to give her a beating and that the accused used to demand money. The accused
demanded a sum of Rs.50,000/- but my husband had paid Rs.25,000/- to the
accused once after 14 months of marriage of my daughter."
9.
It
is abundantly clear from the statements of P.W.2 andP.W.3 that the deceased was
harassed on account of dowry right from the point of marriage till her death.
10.
The
appellant was charged under sections 302 and 304Bof the Indian Penal Code. The
trial court held that the charge under section 302 IPC was established against
the accused, therefore, there was no necessity to discuss the next alternative
charge under section 304B IPC. In the impugned judgment, the High Court also
did not deal with the charge under section 304B IPC. The trial court on the
basis of evidence and other material on record found the appellant guilty under
Section 302 IPC. He was convicted and was awarded life imprisonment. The
conviction was upheld by the High Court. The appellant aggrieved by the
impugned judgment of the High Court has preferred this appeal
11.
We
have heard the learned counsel for the parties at length.
12.
Mr.
U.N. Bachawat, learned senior counsel, who appeared on behalf of the
accused/appellant submitted that in this case the prosecution has failed to
establish the motive for committing the crime.
13.
He
submitted that it is well settled law that in a case of circumstantial
evidence, the circumstances from which the 6conclusion of guilt is to be drawn
should in the first instance be fully established and all the facts so
established should be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the
accused. Again the circumstances should be of a conclusive nature and they
should be such as to exclude every hypothesis but the one proposed to be
proved. In other words there should be a complete chain of evidence so far
complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for a conclusion consistent with
the innocence of the accused and it must be such as to show that within human
probability the act must have been done by the accused. Mr. Bachawat submitted
that motive to commit crime acquires greater significance in a case based
entirely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution in this case has failed to
establish the motive, therefore, the courts have to be extremely careful in
convicting an accused in a case of circumstantial evidence without any motive.
14.
Mr.
Bachawat also submitted that apart from the fact that there is no eye witness
in this case, there is also no scientific evidence to connect the accused with
the crime. The prosecution failed to establish the motive behind the commission
of the offence of murder of the deceased.
15.
This
court in the case of C. Chenga Reddy and Others v. State of Andhra Pradesh
(1996) 10 SCC 193 held asunder: "In a case based on circumstantial
evidence, the settled law is that the circumstances from which the conclusion
of guilt is drawn should be fully proved and such circumstances must be
conclusive in nature. Moreover, all the circumstances should be complete and
there should be no gap left in the chain of evidence. Further, the proved circumstances
must be consistent only with the hypothesis of the guilt of the accused and
totally inconsistent with his innocence. ... ... ..."
16.
In
the case of G. Parshwanath v. State of Karnataka(2010) 8 SCC 593 this court has
observed as under: "In deciding the sufficiency of the circumstantial
evidence for the purpose of conviction, the court has to consider the total cumulative
effect of all the proved facts, each one of which reinforces the conclusion of
guilt and if the combined effect of all these facts taken together is conclusive
in establishing the guilt of the accused, the conviction would be justified
even though it may be that one or more of these facts by itself or themselves
is/are not decisive. The facts established should be consistent only with the
hypothesis of the guilt of the accused and should exclude every hypothesis
except the one sought to be proved. ... ... ... There must be a chain of
evidence so complete as not to leave any reasonable ground for the conclusion
consistent with the innocence of the accused and must show that in all human probability
the act must have been done by the accused, where various links in chain are in
themselves complete, then the false plea or false 8 defence may be called into
aid only to lend assurance to the court."
17.
Both
the above cases were followed in the latest case in Varun Choudhary v. State of
Rajasthan JT 2010 (11) SC419 para 23.
18.
Mr.
Bachawat further submitted that the prosecution examined a neighbour Sadhna,
P.W.8 who stated that the accused and the deceased lived happily. The relevant
part of the statement reads as under: "I know the accused for the last
about 12/13 years. Anju used to come to my house sometimes. I have never seen
any quarrel between the accused and the deceased. I have always seen them
living merrily."
19.
Mr.
Bachawat also contended that according to the testimony of Mohan Lal, P.W. 2,
it is abundantly clear that the said demand cannot be termed as dowry demand as
the said amount was paid for the business purpose.
20.
Learned
senior counsel for the appellant submitted that the accused appellant along
with his wife was living on the first floor of the house No.2803, Kailash
Nagar, Delhi as a tenant. The house had three doors on the ground floor, out of
which one door which leads to staircase was in possession of the appellant. The
other two doors were meant for the landlord which were under the lock and key
of the landlord. From one door out of these two doors, which were under the occupation
of the landlord, any one could have an access to the first floor i.e. the
tenanted premises whereas the case of the prosecution was that the door was
locked and had to be opened by the police after getting report from Nanak
Chand,P.W.1.
21.
Mr.
Bachawat referred to the statement of Sadhna, P.W.8 in which she stated that
there was no lock on the door of the staircase. However, two locks were found
affixed on the two doors of the ground floor of the house. The door of the staircase
which was in possession of the accused appellant was found bolted from inside.
Sadhna P.W.8, stated as under: "I had given bunch of keys to brother of
Sanjay and one key out of the said bunch was operative on the lock fixed on the
ground floor door. Due to which ground floor door was opened. Other way also leading
to the first floor of the house. In fact, the door of the staircase meant for
the accused was in the street, which was locked and the other way to the said
staircase was in the room at ground floor which was in possession of the
landlord. So we went upstairs after opening the lock of ground floor as stated
by me earlier through the way. There we found Anju lying dead. Several persons
had collected there. The key which was in my bunch 10 and with which the said
lock was opened was not of the said lock. It was operative by chance. I had taken
back my said key thereafter from Baldev."
22.
According
to Mr. Bachawat there is major contradiction as regard to two doors which were
under occupation and use of the landlord. As per the site plan, one door, i.e.,
the door from the gallery was bolted from inside whereas, according to Sadhna,
P.W. 8, both the doors which were in the occupation and use of the landlord had
locks on them. Mr. Bachawat referred to the following observation of the High
Court: "If the scene of the crime is carefully analysed, it is obvious
that there was no get-away passage for a third person to have committed the
crime and disappear from the scene. The main access was found locked for which
the key was provided by the appellant. The other access through the staircase was
found bolted from inside. Thus the appellant alone had an access to the place
of occurrence, which factor itself is sufficient to prove his guilt."
23.
According
to the learned counsel for the appellant, the above observations of the High
Court are contrary to the evidence on record for the following reasons:- A. The
prosecution has miserably failed to prove as to which of the three doors was
allegedly opened by the key provided by the accused:- i. it is clear from the
statement of PW8 that the door i.e. the main access meant for the accused was
bolted from inside and 11 was not locked from outside therefore this door
cannot be the door which was opened with the key provided by the accused as
held by the High Court. ii. It is further clear from the statement of Sadhna
PW8, that on 10.4.91 she had given a bunch of keys to Baldev, PW12 i.e. the
brother of accused and one key out of said bunch was operative on the lock
fixed on the ground floor door due to which ground floor door was opened and they
went on the first floor. Probably this door was the one which lead to the gallery
and then to the first floor.
Thereafter this
witness had taken back the said bunch from Baldev, PW12. Therefore, when this
door was already opened on 10.4.91 and there is no evidence that on the same
lock was put back, either the door would have been left unlocked or would have
been locked by the police by putting some other lock, giving no occasion for
the accused to apply the alleged key on the lock on 13th. Thereafter, this door
also cannot be the one which was opened with the key provided by the accused. iii.
That the third door was the door of the room under the lock and key of the landlord
and from there was no access to the first floor, therefore, this door also could
not be the door which was opened with the key provided by the accused. B. That
from the statement of Sadhna PW8 it is abundantly clear that Sadhna PW8 also
had an access to the house in as much as the lock was opened by a key provided
by Sadhna, which worked by chance. This fact goes to show that the lock was 12 such
that it could be opened by any key and therefore anybody could have a free
access to the house after opening the lock with the same key.C. That from the
statement of Sadhna PW8 it is also evident that the landlord also had the
access to the other two rooms, which were locked from outside. Rather the lock
on the two doors were that of the landlord and he was in possession. In view of
the above stated facts the landlord was a very material witness and his
non-examination creates a serious dent in the prosecution case.
There is no explanation
or attempt on behalf of prosecution to show as to why the landlord was not
produced and examined. D. As per site plan Ex. PW22/B the room on the first floor,
where the deceased was found dead, had two windows one bolted from inside and
the other window i.e. W2 was open and it opened on Chajja, therefore giving an
easy access to a stranger. The important aspect has not been noted and considered
by the ld. trial court and the High Court. E. It is alleged that on 13th the
appellant opened the lock after taking out the key from his pocket. If the accused
had the key with him it would have been found in his personal search which must
have been taken at the time of his arrest in view of the provision contained in
section 51 Cr.P.C. which preceded the journey to his house for recovery of wicket
and string, a fact evident from the statement of Ravi Dutt PW 22 quoted here in
below: "After recording disclosure statement of accused, I arrested him in
his case. It is correct that after arresting accused I took him to the house of
accused for search."
24.
Mr.
Bachawat submitted that the injuries found on the body of the appellant as per
the MLC (Ex.P.W. 14/A) have not been explained.
25.
He
further stated that no question was put to the accused to explain the alleged
injuries on his person as to how and when and the manner in which the allege
injuries were caused. As per the settled law of this court the question for statement
under section 313 Cr.P.C. must be framed in such away so as to enable the
accused to know what he is to explain. He referred to the judgment of this
court in Ajay Singh v. State of Maharashtra 2007 (12) SCC 341 wherein the Court
has held as under: "The question must be framed in such a way as to enable
the accused to know what he is to explain, what are the circumstances which are
against him and for which an explanation is needed. The whole object of the
section is to afford the accused a fair and proper opportunity of explaining
circumstances which appear against him and that the question must be fair and
must be couched in a form which an ignorant or illiterate person will be able
to appreciate and understand. A conviction based on the accused's failure to
explain what he was never asked to explain is bad in law. The whole object of enacting
section 313 of the Code was that the attention of the accused should be drawn
to the specific points in the charge and in the evidence on which the
prosecution claims that the case is made 14 out against the accused so that he
may be able to give such explanation as he desires to give. .....He must be
question separately about each material substance which is intended to be used against
him. The questioning must be fair and couched in a form which an ignorant or
illiterate person will be able to appreciate and understand. Even when an
accused is not illiterate, his mind is apt to be perturbed when he is facing a
charge of murder. Fairness, therefore, requires that each material circumstances
should be put simultaneously and separately in a way that even an illiterate
mind, or one which is perturbed or confused, can readily appreciate and
understand."
26.
Mr.
Bachawat submitted that the only questions put to the accused under section 313
Cr.P.C. are as under: Q.8 It is further in evidence against you that your two
hairs of head Ex.P8 were also seized and taken into possession vide memo Ex.PW
4/E and you were also sent for medical examinations vide ML CEX PW 14/A, what
you have to say? Ans.8 It is correct that two hair from my head were plucked by
police. Rest `I' do not know. Note: It is of significant relevant to note that
Q.8 was put to the accused under section 313 Cr.P.C. to connect the accused
with the alleged crime. DNA report as regards the hair found from the Chest of the
deceased and hair taken from the scalp of the accused was called for.
27.
Mr.
Bachawat contended that The High Court in its impugned judgment as regards this
DNA report has observed as under: "The DNA report had not been filed in
this behalf. In our considered view this fact itself cannot belie the story of
the prosecution though the availability of the DNA report would have
strengthened the prosecution story."
28.
Thereafter,
Mr. Bachawat further contended that the High Court in the above situation ought
to have necessarily inferred and presumed that the seized hair from the chest
of the deceased was not of the accused as such the accused is not the author of
the crime.
29.
Mr.
Bachawat referred to the following question put to the accused under the
statement recorded under section 313Cr.P.C.: Q.23 It is further in evidence
against you that on 13.4.1991 you were medically examined by the doctor at SDN
Hospital, Shahdara, vide MLC No.1276 Ex. PW14/A, what you have to say. Ans.23 I
was medically examined.
30.
Mr.
Bachawat also submitted that the as per MLC following injuries were found on
the appellant: 16 1. Scratch mark over Rt. Knee and Lt. knee joint (Brown
coloured). 2. One small bruise (blackish red) over exterior aspect of Lt. Wrist
Joint. 3. One scratch mark (pin point) reddish over redial margin of Rt. Thumb.
4. Linear 2-3 pinkish 5-6 cms below Rt. inperscapular region. 5. Small
irregular 1-2 pinkish bruise over Lt. Scapela region.
31.
The
learned senior counsel for the appellants referred tothe statement of Dr. L.K.
Barua, P.W.20 who conducted post-mortem examination on the body of the deceased
and found the following injuries: 1. Multiple prominent abrasions were present
on front and sides of the neck, extending form sub-mental are to the
supra-external notch. The abrasions were also present and both mendibular
areas. The abrasions in front and on the right side showed four prominent ligatures
marks almost parallel to each other and wee placed horizontally. The margins of
these abrasions were seen fusing at their outer ends on the right side of the
neck. The linear abrasions were also seen on the left side of the neck but were
comparatively faint in comparison to right side. The width of ligature abrasions
varied from .06 c.m. to 1.2 c.m. The areas in between the individual marks also
showed multiple small abrasions and bruising with evidence of grazing. On the
back side of 17 the neck a narrow interrupted abrasion mark could be seen
running horizontally. 2. One small bruising was seen on left side front of
upper part of chest just below the middle part of collar bones of size 3 c.m. x
2.5 c.m. 3. One abrasion on right side front of the chest just below the medial
third of right collar bone of size 3 c.m. x 1.8 c.m. 4. One abrasion of size 1
c.m. x 0.5 c.m. were seen on the right shoulder stop. 5. Small abrasion size
0.5 c.m. x 0.2 c.m. were seen on the left shoulder top. 6. Small abrasion size
2 c.m. x 1 c.m. on the medial aspect of right arm. 7. Abrasion size 2 c.m. x
1.5 c.m. on the medial aspect of right elbow. 8. Small linear abrasion were
seen o the left forearm on its dorsal aspect of size 0.5 c.m. x 0.2 c.m. It was
crecenestic in side and are possibly nail marks. 9. Abrasion size 3.2 c.m. x 3
c.m. were seen in front and side of the nose. 10. Abrasion size 3 c.m. x 2 c.m.
were seen on the left cheek prominent.
32.
Mr.
Bachawat further submitted that the recovery of the ornaments is to be
discarded as a matter of law. The recovery of ornaments is not admissible in
evidence as the same is not effected under section 27 of the Evidence Act
inasmuch as the disclosure statement was recorded before the arrest was made a
fact evident from the following extract of the testimony of Ravi Dutt PW22: "After
recording disclosure statement of accused, I arrested him in this case. It is
correct that after arresting accused I took him to the house of accused for
search."
33.
Learned
senior counsel for the appellant contended that the High Court erred in not
noticing these facts. He also submitted that there are material contradictions
as to the ornaments which the deceased used to wear and which were missing from
her body. According to Mohan Lal, P.W. 2, thedeceased used to wear golden
ear-rings, golden ring, silver pajeb and silver mangalsutra. When he saw the
deadbody ofthe deceased, he saw that mangalsutra, ring and ear-rings were
missing from her body. Similarly, Raj Bala P.W.3submitted that her daughter
used to wear ear-rings of gold,ring of gold, nose pin of gold and silver
necklace and the same were missing from her body.
34.
According
to Constable Anil Kumar, P.W.9, one ring of rolled gold, one pair of pajeb and
four toe-rings (bichhuas) which the deceased was wearing was removed from her
body. He produced the above stated articles before Ravi Dutt Inspector, who had
converted the broken bangles and ring, pajeb and toe-rings into two separate
pulandas and sealed with the seal of GSS and took the possession of the said articles
vide memo Ex.P.W.9/A.
35.
Ramesh
Kumar, P.W. 25 stated that sixth pulanda was containing one gold ring, one pair
of pajeb but Jagdish ChandPW4 and Jukmal Chand Jain, PW5 deposed that the said
gold ring was recovered from a pit near the railway track at the instance of
appellant.
36.
According
to Mr. Bachawat the string and cricket wicket(stump) are planted. Had these
articles been there the investigating officer who had reached the spot on the
10th itself would have definitely seized the same. The place was accessible inasmuch
as they had not locked and sealed the premises so that nobody could have an
access to the said office. There is no explanation on behalf of the prosecution
for this illegality.
37.
Mr.
Bachawat submitted that had these articles such as cricket wicket (stump) and
string (narrah) been used in the alleged crime there ought to have been the
finger prints of the assailant and they must have been blood stained in view of
the injuries suffered by the deceased. In this regard, the opinion of the
doctor is worth noting. Dr. L.K. Barua, P.W. 20 deposed as under: "I did
not find any mark of blood or parts of skin in the string. I did suggest the
police that the nurrah Ex.16 be also sent to CFSL for opinion. I am not competent
to give an opinion which my CFSL render in this particular situation. I did not
indicate in my opinion whether there was skin or blood mark on this nurrah. I
did not put any mark of identification on this stump Ex.p.7. On naked eye, I
did not find mark of blood or skin and only CFSL could say about this. I do not
want to give opinion as to what could be the role of stamp in the present
situation. Not sending these articles to CFSL despite the opinion of the doctor
is telling circumstance in favour of the accused and these articles cannot be attributed
to the accused for being used in the alleged crime. That the string (narrah)
alleged used for strangulating the deceased was eight and a half inches in
length (as per Ex.PW4/C) making it impossible to commit the offence in the
manner alleged by the prosecution."
38.
We
find some merits in the statements of the learned senior counsel for the appellant
that in a case of circumstantial evidence all circumstances must lead to the conclusion
that the accused appellant was the only one who had committed the crime and
none else.
39.
On
following aspects there is no consistency in the prosecution version:
i.
The
door leading to the house of the deceased had free access and possibility of
any other person entering the house of the deceased cannot be ruled out.
ii.
The
landlord had clear access to the house of the deceased and non- examination of the
landlord creates serious doubt in the prosecution version.
iii.
Injuries
found on the body of the accused/appellant remained unexplained. No question
was put to the accused to explain the alleged injuries on the person.
iv.
There
is a material contradiction as to the ornaments which the deceased was wearing
and were missing from her body.
v.
The
string and wicket (stump) were not seized by the Investigating Officer on the same
day as they were lying near the dead body. 6) The string and the wicket (stump)
were not sent to Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) despite the opinion
of the doctor telling the circumstances in favour of the accused for being used
in the alleged crime. 7) The string (narrah) allegedly used for strangulating
the deceased was 8 = inches in length and making it impossible to commit the
offence in the manner alleged by the prosecution.
40.
In
view of the aforementioned infirmities in the prosecution's version the conviction
under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code cannot be sustained. Consequently,
the impugned judgment of the High Court and the judgment of the Additional
Sessions Judge are accordingly set aside and the appellant is acquitted as far as
his conviction under Section302 of the Indian Penal Code is concerned.
41.
Now
the question arises is whether the appellant can beconvicted under Section 304B
of the Indian Penal Code? In the instant case the appellant was also charged
under Section304B, but, in view of his conviction under Section 302 of the Indian
Penal Code the trial court did not proceed with the charge under Section 304B
of the Indian Penal Code. Section304B reads as under: "304B. Dowry death (1)
Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs
otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage
and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment
by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand
for dowry, such death shall be called "dowry death" and such husband
or relative shall be deemed to have caused her death. Explanation:-For the
purpose of this sub- section, "dowry" shall have the same meaning as
in section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961). (2) Whoever
commits dowry death shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall
not be less than seven years but which may extend to imprisonment for life.
42.
In
the instant case the marriage took place on20.02.1990 and Anju died on
10.4.1991 because of ten antemortem bodily injuries which were found on her
body at the time of her death. Anju died within seven years of her marriage. In
the instant case the father of the deceased Mohan Lal, P.W.2 and the mother of
the deceased Raja Bala,P.W.3 were examined. They have categorically stated that
the deceased was subjected to consistent cruelty and harassment by her husband
in connection with demand for dowry. PW2deposed that on demand from the
appellant, he was givenRs.15,000/- on one occasion and later gave
Rs.10,000/-.According to him, there was consistent harassment on account of
demand for dowry all through. P.W.3 had stated that the appellant used to
harass and beat her daughter in connection with the demand of dowry. In this
view of the matter, the appellant's continuously harassing and beating the deceased
in connection with demand of dowry clearly falls within the four corners of the
Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code.
43.
Section
304B of the Indian Penal Code was inserted by the Dowry Prohibition (Amendment)
Act, 1986 with a view to combating the increasing menace of dowry death. It
provides that where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily
injury or occurs otherwise than under the normal circumstances within seven
years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was
subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her
husband for or in connection with any demand for dowry shall be guilty under
Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code. It is most unfortunate that instances of
dowry death are rapidly increasing.
44.
This
dowry system is a big slur and curse on our society, democracy and the country.
It is incomprehensible how such unfortunate and condemnable instances of dowry
deaths are frequently occurring in our society. All efforts must be made to
combat and curb the increasing menace of dowry death.
45.
This
court in Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan(1991) 1 SCC 166 has laid down as
under:
vi.
"...
... ...Bride burning is a shame of our society. Poor never resort to it. Rich
do not need it. Obviously because it is basically an economic problem of a
class which suffers both from ego and complex. Unfortunately, the high price
rise and ever increasing cost of living coupled with enormous growth of
consumer goods effacing difference between luxury and essential goods appear to
be luring even the new generation of youth, of the best service, to be as much
part of the dowry menace as their parents and the resultant evils flowing out
of it. How to curb and control this evil? Dowry killing is a crime of its own
kind where elimination of daughter-in-law becomes immediate necessity if she or
her parents are no more able to satiate the greed and avarice of her husband
and their family members, to make the boy available, once again in the marriage
market. Eliminate it and much may stand resolved automatically. ... ...
..."
46.
The
legislature was seriously concerned about this unfortunate reality of our
society and to curb and combat increasing menace of dowry deaths with a firm
hand the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 was enacted with the following objects and
reasons: "The object of this bill is to prohibit the evil practice of
giving and taking of dowry. This question has been engaging the attention of
the government for some time past, and one of the methods by which this
problem, which is essentially a social one, was sought to be tackled was by the
conferment of improved property rights on women by the Hindu Succession Act,
1956. It is, however, felt that a law which makes the practice punishable and
at the same time ensures that any dowry, if given does 27 ensure for the
benefit of the wife will go a long way to educating public opinion and to the
eradication of this evil. There has also been a persistent demand for such a
law both in and outside parliament. Hence, the present Bill. It, however, takes
care to exclude presents in the form of clothes, ornaments, etc., which are
customary at marriages, provided the value thereof does not exceed Rs. 2000.
Such a provision appears to be necessary to make the law workable."
47.
In
The State of Punjab v. Iqbal Singh and Others(1991) 3 SCC 1 this Court observed
that crimes are generally committed in the privacy of residential homes and in
secrecy and it is difficult to get independent direct evidence in such cases. That
is why the legislature has, by introducing Sections 113A and 113B in the
Evidence Act, tried to strengthen the prosecution hands by permitting a presumption
to be raised if certain foundational facts are established that the unfortunate
event has taken place with in seven years of the marriage.
48.
On
proper analysis of Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code and Section 113B of
the Evidence Act, it shows that there must be material to show that soon before
her death the victim was subjected to cruelty or harassment. The prosecution is
under an obligation to rule out any possibility of natural or accidental death.
Where the ingredients of Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code are satisfied,
the section would apply. If death is unnatural, either homicidal or suicidal,
it would be death which can be said to have taken place in unnatural
circumstances and the provisions of Section 304B would be applicable.
49.
The
death, otherwise than under normal circumstances, under Section 304B of the
Indian Penal Code would mean the death not in usual course either natural or
accidental death. Section 304B creates a substantive offence. The necessity for
insertion of the two provisions has been amply enumerated by the Law Commission
of India in its 21st Report, dated10.08.1988 on `Dowry Deaths and Law Reform'. This
has been primarily done because of the pre-existing law in securing evidence to
prove dowry related deaths.
50.
In
order to bring home the guilty under Section 304B of Indian Penal Code the
following ingredients are necessary:
a. The victim was
subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or his relatives.
b. Such cruelty or
harassment was for, or in connection with any demand for dowry.
c. Such cruelty or
harassment was done within seven years of the marriage.
51.
Evidence
on record of this case clearly lead to the conclusion that all these three
ingredients are available in full measure in this case. The deceased was
subjected to cruelty and harassment by her husband, the appellant herein and
the harassment was in connection with the demand of dowry.
52.
In
the instant case the victim (deceased) died within one year and two months of
the marriage. On proper analysis of the entire evidence on record it is
abundantly proved that the appellant was clearly guilty of committing an
offence under Section 304B of the Indian Penal Code.
53.
Consequently,
we deem it appropriate to set aside the conviction of the appellant under
Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code but in the facts and circumstances of this
case we proceed to convict the appellant under Section 304B of the Indian Penal
Code and sentence him to 9 years rigorous imprisonment and fine of Rs.10,000/-.
In case of non-payment of fine, the accused would further undergo imprisonment
for two months.
54.
As
a result, this appeal is partly allowed and disposed of accordingly.
.....................................J.
(Dalveer Bhandari)
....................................J.
(H.L. Gokhale)
New
Delhi;
December
16, 2010
Back