General
Insurance Council & Ors. Vs. State of A.P.& Ors. [2010] INSC 285 (19
April 2010)
Judgment
IN THE
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION WRIT PETITION (C) NO. 14 OF
2008 General Insurance Council & Ors. ...........Petitioners Versus State
of Andhra Pradesh & Ors. ..........Respondents
Deepak
Verma, J.
1. Even
though the question projected in this petition filed under Article 32 of the
Constitution of India stands answered by a judgment of two learned judges of
this Court reported in (2002) 10 SCC 283 titled Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai Versus
State of Gujarat pertaining to interpretation and mode of implementation of
Sections 451 and 457 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (hereinafter shall
be referred to as 'the Code'), but on account of certain grey areas having been
left untouched, which still cast clouds on the question, this petition has been
filed for further directions, orders and clarifications.
2.
Petitioner No.1, General Insurance Council has been constituted under Section
64 C (b) of the Insurance Act, 1938 consisting of all the members and associate
members of the association as envisaged in Section 64A of the said Act, who
carry on general insurance business in India and are being represented by
Petitioner No. 1 and have been arrayed as Petitioner Nos. 2 to 5 in the said
petition.
3.
According to them, there has been a gross violation of fundamental rights as
conferred on them under Articles 14 and 19 of the Constitution of India. Thus,
they are constrained to approach this Court directly by filing a petition under
Article 32 of the Constitution of India. They further contended that despite
the directions passed by this Court in Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai (supra), as
also in W.P.
(C) No.
282 of 2007 titled General Insurance Council and 09.07.2007, there has not been
full and complete compliance of the same. Therefore, they have once again
approached this Court for issuing further directions so that national waste
with regard to the seized vehicles involved in commission of various offences
may not become junk and their road worthiness be maintained.
4.
According to the Petitioners, the report of 2005 of NCRB, 84,675 vehicles were
reported lost, out of which 24,918 vehicles were recovered by the police and
out of these, only 4,676 vehicles were finally co-ordinated. As a result,
several hundred crores worth of assets were lost. Further, by the time the
recovered vehicles are released, the same are reduced to junk at the respective
police stations. In other words, Petitioners have prayed that national waste
that is being caused could be substantially reduced, curbed and eliminated to a
great extent. Keeping in view the aforesaid facts in mind, they have filed this
Writ Petition.
5. In
Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai (supra), the Supreme Court was primarily dealing with
provisions of Sections 451 and 457 of the Code. While quoting the aforesaid two
provisions of the Act in the judgment, it was observed in para 7 as under:- - 3
- "7. In our view, the powers under Section 451 Cr PC should be exercised
expeditiously and judiciously. It would serve various purposes, namely:
1. owner
of the article would not suffer because of its remaining unused or by its
misappropriation;
2. court
or the police would not be required to keep the article in safe custody;
3. if the
proper panchnama before handing over possession of the article is prepared,
that can be used in evidence instead of its production before the court during
the trial. If necessary, evidence could also be recorded describing the nature
of the property in detail; and
4. this
jurisdiction of the court to record evidence should be exercised promptly so
that there may not be further chance of tampering with the articles."
6. To
safeguard the interests of the prosecution, it was directed that following
measures should be adopted giving instances contained in para 12 reproduced
hereinbelow:
"12
For this purpose, if material on record indicates that such articles belong to
the complainant at whose house theft, robbery or dacoity has taken place, then
seized articles be handed over to the complainant after:
(1)
preparing detailed proper panchnama of such articles;
(2)
taking photographs of such articles and a bond that such articles would be produced
if required at the time of trial; and (3) after taking proper security."
7. While
dealing with the seized vehicles from time to time by the police either in
commission of various offences or abandoned vehicles or vehicles which are
recovered during investigation of complaint of thefts, the court observed as
under:- "17. In our view, whatever be the situation, it is of no use to
keep such seized vehicles at the police stations for a long period. It is for
the Magistrate to pass appropriate orders immediately by taking appropriate
bond and guarantee as well as security for return of the said vehicles, if
required at any point of time. This can be done pending hearing of applications
for return of such vehicles.
18. In
case where the vehicle is not claimed by the accused, owner, or the insurance
company or by a third person, then such vehicle may be ordered to be auctioned
by the court. If the said vehicle is insured with the insurance company then
the insurance company be informed by the court to take possession of the
vehicle which is not claimed by the owner or a third person. If the insurance
company fails to take possession, the vehicles may be sold as per the direction
of the court. The court would pass such order within a period of six months
from the date of production of the said vehicle before the court. In any case,
before handing over possession of such vehicles, appropriate photographs of the
said vehicle should be taken and detailed panchnama should be prepared."
8. Since
it appeared to the Petitioners that despite the said directions, the
requirements of the Petitioners were not being fulfilled, they were constrained
to file W.P (C) No. 282 of 2007 titled General Insurance Council and Others by
a coordinate Bench of two learned Judges of this Court.
9. In
this second round of litigation before this Court, a direction was sought with
regard to compliance of Section 158 (6) of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 in short 'the M.V. Act' and Rule 159 of the Central Motor
Vehicles Rules, 1989 in short, 'the Rules'.
10. This
Court in the said matter after considering the issue came to the following
conclusion:- "Since there is a mandatory requirement to act in the manner
provided in Section 158 (6) there is no justifiable reason as to why the
requirement is not being followed.
It is,
therefore, directed that all the State Governments and the Union Territories
shall instruct, if not already done, all concerned police officers about the
need to comply with the requirement of Section 158 (6) keeping in view the
requirement indicated in Rule 159 and in Form 54. Periodical checking shall be
done by the Inspector General of Police concerned to ensure that the
requirements are being complied with. In case there is non-compliance,
appropriate action shall be taken against the erring officials.
The
Department of Transport and Highway shall make periodical verification to
ensure that action is being taken and in case of any deviation immediately
bring the same to the notice of the concerned State Government/Union
Territories so that necessary action can be taken against the concerned
officials."
The writ
petition is accordingly disposed of."
11.
Despite the aforesaid directions having been issued by this Court in the
aforesaid two matters, grievance is still being made by the Petitioners, that
the police, investigating agency and the prosecuting agency are not taking
appropriate and adequate steps for compliance of aforesaid directions issued by
this Court. Therefore, a need has arisen for giving further directions so as to
clear the clouds and iron out the creases.
12.
Notice of the said petition was issued to all the States and Union Territories.
Almost all the States have contended that they have already issued necessary
guidelines and directions for full and complete compliance of the provisions
contained in Sections 451 and 457 of the Code as elaborated in Sunderbhai
Ambalal Desai (supra) as also under Section 158 (6) of the M.V. Act and 159 of
the Rules as directed in General Insurance Council case (supra). Thus, in one
voice, they have contended that there would not be any difficulty in compliance
of the directions that may be issued in furtherance of achieving the object as
directed by this Court. Thus, in our view, there appears to be consensus in
this matter.
13.
Petitioners have submitted that information with regard to all insured vehicles
in the country is available with the Insurance Information Bureau created by
IRDA. This information could be utilised to assist the police to identify the
insurer of the vehicle. Upon recovery of the vehicle in police station,
insurer/ complainant can call an All India Toll Free No. to be provided by
Insurance Information Bureau to give the information of the recovered vehicle.
Thereafter, the insured vehicle database would be searched to identify the
respective insurer. Upon such identification, this information can be
communicated to the respective insurer and concerned police stations for
necessary coordination.
14. In
our considered opinion, the aforesaid information is required to be utilised
and followed scrupulously and has to be given positively as and when asked for
by the Insurer.
We also
feel, it is necessary that in addition to the directions issued by this Court
in Sunderbhai Ambalal Desai (supra) considering the mandate of Section 451 read
with Section 457 of the Code, the following further directions with regard to
seized vehicles are required to be given.
"(A)
Insurer may be permitted to move a separate application for release of the
recovered vehicle as soon as it is informed of such recovery before the
Jurisdictional Court. Ordinarily, release shall be made within a period of 30
days from the date of the application. The necessary photographs may be taken
duly authenticated and certified, and a detailed panchnama may be prepared
before such release.
(B) The
photographs so taken may be used as secondary evidence during trial.
Hence,
physical production of the vehicle may be dispensed with.
(C)
Insurer would submit an undertaking/guarantee to remit the proceeds from the
sale/auction of the vehicle conducted by the Insurance Company in the event
that the Magistrate finally adjudicates that the rightful ownership of the
vehicle does not vest with the insurer. The undertaking/guarantee would be
furnished at the time of release of the vehicle, pursuant to the applcation for
release of the recovered vehicle.
Insistence
on personal bonds may be dispensed with looking to the corporate structure of
the insurer."
15. It is
a matter of common knowledge that as and when vehicles are seized and kept in
various police stations, not only they occupy substantial space of the police
stations but upon being kept in open, are also prone to fast natural decay on
account of weather conditions. Even a good maintained vehicle loses its road
worthiness if it is kept stationary in the police station for more than fifteen
days. Apart from the above, it is also a matter of common knowledge that
several valuable and costly parts of the said vehicles are either stolen or are
cannibalised so that the vehicles become unworthy of being driven on road. To
avoid all this, apart from the aforesaid directions issued hereinabove, we
direct that all the State Governments/ Union Territories/Director Generals of
Police shall ensure macro implementation of the statutory provisions and
further direct that the activities of each and every police stations,
especially with regard to disposal of the seized vehicles be taken care of by
the Inspector General of Police of the concerned Division/Commissioner of
Police of the concerned cities/Superintendent of Police of the concerned
district.
16. In
case any non-compliance is reported either by the Petitioners or by any of the
aggrieved party, then needless to say, we would be constrained to take a serious
view of the matter against an erring officer who would be dealt with iron
hands. With the aforesaid directions, this writ petition stands finally
disposed of.
......................................J. [P.SATHASIVAM]
......................................J. [DEEPAK VERMA]
New Delhi.
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