Balathandayutham
& ANR. Vs. Ezhilarasan [2010] INSC 280 (16 April 2010)
Judgement IN THE
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO(s). 7357 OF
2002 Balathandayutham and another ..Appellant(s) Versus Ezhilarasan
..Respondent(s)
GANGULY,
J.
1.Heard
counsel for the parties.
2. The
material facts of the case are: Late Mr. M. Ramachandran, the father of the 1st
appellant as also of the plaintiff-respondent, had three sons, namely,
Balathandayutham (1st appellant), Ezhilarasan (plaintiff-respondent) and one
Gnanavoli and two daughters - Kalai Arasi and 1 Isai Amudhu and his wife was
Nachiar Ammal. It is not in dispute that Ramachandran acquired certain
properties and in his lifetime he executed a Will which was registered on
25.09.1972. By the said Will he bequeathed certain properties, from the income
of which Seva Puja and maintenance of Sri Bala Murugan Temple was to be
conducted. In respect of his other properties he bequeathed the same in favour
of plaintiff-respondent and his other son Gnanavoli and two daughters and
giving his wife life interest.
3.
Insofar as the 1st appellant is concerned, no property was bequeathed to him,
inter alia, on the ground that after education he was staying apart and had not
shown any interest in the family members. The case in the plaint is that since
the 1st appellant, the elder brother of the plaintiff-respondent, left the
family after his education and married another woman belonging to some other
caste without the consent of the parents, no provision in the 2 Will dated
25.09.1972 was made by the testator in favour of the 1st appellant. The
testator Ramachandran died on 23.5.1980 and after his death, the
plaintiff-respondent was in exclusive possession of the property. At that stage
the 1st appellant tried to disturb the possession of the plaintiff-respondent
with the help of some anti social elements. This led to the filing of the suit.
In the suit, the stand of the 1st appellant was that Will dated 25.09.1972 was
not genuine and the said Will had been revoked by Ramachandran by another Will
dated 25.4.1980 and also thereafter by another Will dated 2.5.1980. Both the
appellants claimed their rights under the so- called subsequent Wills. In his
rejoinder, plaintiff-respondent claimed that the so-called subsequent Wills
dated 25.4.1980 and 2.5.1980 are fabricated and at the relevant point of time
Ramachandran was bedridden and did not have the capacity to execute any Will as
he died within a few days thereafter on 23.5.1980.
The Trial
Court dismissed the suit upholding 3 the contention of the 1st appellant. The
First Appellate Court, however, allowed the appeal and decreed the suit. The
stand of the 1st appellant herein, before the First Appellate Court, was that
Will dated 25.09.1972 was not a genuine one and was revoked by the subsequent
Will dated 25.4.1980.
4. On
these facts the learned First Appellate Court held, when the execution of a
Will asserted by one party is denied by the other party, then the burden is on
the party who relies on the Will to prove its execution. But when execution of
the Will is not denied then no burden is cast on the party who relies on a Will
to prove its execution. Relying on the aforesaid principle, the First Appellate
Court held, and in our view rightly, that the existence of the first Will dated
25.09.1972 has been admitted. But the appellants' case is that the same has
been revoked. However, there is no attesting witness to prove Ex.B-19 dated
2.5.1980 and Ex.B-20 dated 25.4.1980, which are 4 the two subsequent Wills. The
First Appellate Court also noted that it was admitted that the subsequent Will
dated 25.4.1980 is an unregistered one and attestors to the said Will were
alive even though scribe was not alive.
It was
also admitted by the appellant that testator was not well for about four months
prior to his death. Admittedly Ex.B-19 and Ex.B-20 were allegedly executed when
the testator was unwell. On those facts the learned First Appellate Court held
that the subsequent two Wills being Ex.B-19 and Ex.B-20 were not proved.
5. The
High Court held that the finding given by the First Appellate Court that
Ex.B-19 and Ex.B-20 cannot be said to have been proved in view of
non-compliance with the mandatory requirement under Sections 68 and 69 of the
Indian Evidence Act is a correct finding. The High Court found that the first
Will which was executed in 1972 (Ex.A1) was executed while the testator was
residing with the plaintiff and 5 his wife and another son in joint family in
his residential house at Villupuram but the subsequent two Wills Ex.B-19 and
Ex.B-20 were executed at Cuddalore where the 1st appellant was residing. The
fact remains that in the first Will no provision was made for the 1st appellant
but in the second two Wills provisions were made in favour of the 1st appellant
and they were allegedly executed when the testator was staying in the house of
the 1st appellant. These two Wills were also executed a couple of weeks prior
to the death of the testator.
6. At
this juncture, the case made out by the plaintiff-respondent is very relevant.
Plaintiff's
case is that his father, the testator, went to a temple for attending a
function and from there testator was taken by the 1st appellant to Cuddalore
and coming to know this fact the plaintiff-respondent went to the house of the
1st appellant and the plaintiff-respondent went there and took the 6 testator
back to his house at Villupuram where he was staying all these years and where
he ultimately died. Therefore, both the subsequent Wills, namely, Ex.B-19 and
Ex.B-20 were allegedly executed by the testator a couple of weeks before his
death and when he was made to stay in the house of the 1st appellant. It
appears that the attestors of both the aforesaid two Wills were all of
Cuddalore and were strangers to the family.
Those two
Wills surfaced only at the time when the 1st appellant gave his written
statement in 1994 in the suit filed by the plaintiff- respondent. According to
our judgment, these are suspicious circumstances surrounding Ex. B- 19 and
Ex.B-20.
7. The
High Court also found on analyzing the aforesaid facts that there are
suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of Ex.B-19 and Ex.B-20 and
they are required to be dispelled by the appellant. The statutory requirements
under Section 68 of the Evidence 7 Act and under Section 63 of Indian
Succession Act are to be fulfilled which have not been done. In this case not a
single attesting witness of Ex.B-19 and Ex.B-20 has been examined.
8. This
Court also thinks that in view of the discussion made herein above that both
the Ex.B-19 & Ex.B-20 are surrounded by various suspicious circumstances.
When a Will is surrounded by suspicious circumstances, the person propounding
the Will has a very heavy burden to discharge. This has been authoritatively explained
by this Court in the case of H. Venkatachala Iyengar v. B.N. Thimmajamma &
Ors, AIR 1959 SC 443. Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar, as His Lordship then was, in
para 20 of the judgment, speaking for the Three Judge Bench in H. Venkatachala
(supra) held that in a case where testator's mind is feeble and he is
debilitated and there is not sufficient evidence as to the mental capacity of
the testator or where the deposition in the 8 Will is unnatural, improbable or
unfair in the light of the circumstances or it appears that the bequest in the
Will is not the result of testator's free will and mind, the Court may consider
that the Will in question is encircled by suspicious circumstances.
9. Going
by this test, as we must, we find that both the Wills, Ex.B-19 & Ex.B-20
are surrounded by suspicious circumstances. The ratio in H. Venkatachala
(supra) is that in such a situation the Court "would naturally expect that
all legitimate suspicions should be completely removed before the document is
accepted as the last Will of the testator. The presence of such suspicious
circumstance naturally tends to make the initial onus very heavy; and, unless
it is satisfactorily discharged, Courts will be reluctant to treat the document
as the last Will of the testator."
[see page
452] 9
10.
Following the aforesaid principle, this Court is constrained to hold that the
appellants did not succeed in discharging its onus of removing the suspicious
circumstances surrounding Ext B19 & B20. As such there is no reason for us
to find any error in the judgment of the High Court.
11. In so
far as execution of the Will is concerned, under Section 63 of the Indian
Succession Act, 1925 it has to be attested by two or more witnesses, each of
whom has seen the testator sign or affix his mark to the Will or has seen some
other person sign the Will, in the presence, and by the direction of the
testator, or has received from the testator a personal acknowledgment of his
signature or mark, or of the signature of such other person;
and each
of the witnesses shall sign the Will in the presence of the testator, but it
shall not be necessary that more than one witness be present at the same time,
and no particular form of attestation shall be necessary. Section 10 68 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 further
provides if a document is required by law to be attested it shall not be used
as evidence until one attesting witness at least has been called for the
purpose of proving its execution if there be an attesting witness alive, and
subject to the process of the Court is capable of giving evidence. There is a
proviso under Section 68 but we are not concerned with the proviso here.
12.
Commenting on these provisions, this Court in H. Venkatachala (supra) laid down
that Section 68 deals with the proof of the execution of the document required
by law to be attested; and it provides that such a document shall not be used
as evidence until one attesting witness at least has been called for the
purpose of proving its execution. These provisions prescribe the requirements
and the nature of proof which must be satisfied by the party who relies on a
document in a Court of law. It was further held that Section 63 of Indian 11
Succession Act requires that the testator shall sign or affix his mark to the
Will or it shall be signed by some other person in his presence and by his
direction and that the signature or mark shall be so made that it shall appear
that it was intended thereby to give effect to the writing as a Will. This
Section also requires that Will shall be attested by two or more witnesses as
prescribed. Thus the question as to whether the Will set up by the propounder
is proved to be the last Will of the testator has to be decided in the light of
these provisions.
[see pg
451]
13. The
law thus laid down in H. Venkatachala (supra) is still holding field and this
Court has followed the same in various other judgments. [See Madhukar D. Shende
v. Tarabai Aba Shedage, (2002) 2 SCC 85; Niranjan Umeshchandra Joshi v. Mrudula
Jyoti Rao and others., (2006) 13 SCC 433 and Savithri and Others v. Karthyayani
Amma and Others, (2007) 11 SCC 621] 12
14. On
consideration of the aforesaid materials, the High Court affirmed the finding
of the First Appellate Court that Ex.B-19 and Ex.B-20 have not been proved. The
High Court, in our judgment, was right in not interfering with those findings
in the second appeal as no substantial question of law has been erroneously
decided by the First Appellate Court.
15. We
also affirm the aforesaid finding of the High Court and dismiss this appeal
leaving the parties to bear their own costs.
.......................J. (G.S. SINGHVI)
.......................J.
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