Haryana
State Industrial Dev. Corp. Vs. Shakuntla & Ors. [2009] INSC 1669 (22
October 2009)
Judgment
IN THE
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO.7020 OF
2009 (Arising out of SLP ) No. 7099 of 2007] Haryana State Industrial Dev.
Corp. . .. Appellant(s) Versus Shakuntla and Ors. ... Respondent(s) With CIVIL
APPEAL NO.7021 OF 2009 [Arising out of SLP ) No. 7187 of 2007] Haryana State
Industrial Dev. Corp. ... Appellant(s) Versus Raj Bala and Ors. ...
Respondent(s) With CIVIL APPEAL NO.7022 OF 2009 [Arising out of SLP ) No. 20142
of 2007] Shakuntla and Ors. .. Appellant(s) Versus State of Haryana & Ors.
... Respondent(s) 1 With CIVIL APPEAL NO.7052 OF 2009 [Arising out of SLP ) No.
2390 of 2008] State of Haryana and Ors. ... Appellant(s) versus Shakuntla and
Ors. .. Respondent(s) With CIVIL APPEAL NO. 7023 OF 2009 (Arising out of SLP )
No. 9841 of 2008] State of Haryana and Ors. ... Appellant(s) versus Smt. Raj
Bala and Anr.. .. Respondent(s)
TARUN
CHATTERJEE, J.
1.
Delay condoned.
2.
Leave granted.
3.
These appeals by special leave have arisen from a judgment dated
14th of December, 2006 of a Division Bench of the High Court of Punjab and
Haryana at Chandigarh passed in CWP No. 2479/2006 whereby the High Court had
set aside the Notifications dated 11th of November, 2002 and 12th of November,
2003 issued under Sections 4 and 6 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, (in short
`the Act') respectively so far as the acquired lands of the
claimant-respondents are concerned, subject to certain conditions to be
fulfilled by them.
4.
The facts in appeal arising out of S.L.P. No. 7099/2007 are
sufficient to decide the questions of law that have arisen in these appeals. In
that view of the matter, let us narrate the facts involved in SLP)No.7099 of
2007 in a nutshell and the decision of which will also govern the other Special
Leave Petitions [Appeals].
5.
On 15th of November, 2002, a notification under Section 4 of the
Act was issued by the State Government of Haryana for the purpose of
acquisition of lands situated in Village Khandsa, Tehsil and District Gurgaon
for the purpose of development of a corporate complex for industrial,
institutional, commercial and recreational purposes. The respondent no.1, being
one of the owners of the notified acquired lands, filed objections under
Section 5 of the Act, for exclusion of their lands. The Haryana Government,
later on, that is on 12 th of 3 November, 2003 issued a Notification under
Section 6 of the Act, in respect of the aforementioned lands declaring that the
lands notified were needed by the Government for a public purpose.
6.
On 16th of July, 2005, the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at
Chandigarh disposed of the petitions filed by respondent no.1 and others,
directing that the grievances of the land owners be considered by a High
Powered Committee, constituted to look into whether the lands of the owners
concerned could be released from acquisition.
The High
Powered Committee submitted its consolidated report containing its observations
and recommendations to the State Government on 10th of November, 2005. The
Committee recommended the acquisition of the lands of respondent no.1 on the
basis of the parameters of evaluation formulated for the same purpose. On the
basis of the same parameters, some other lands were released, land belonging to
M/s Orient Crafts being one such plot. The recommendations of the Committee
were to be applicable to all such cases pending before the High Court and they
would not be disturbed till further orders of the Government. Aggrieved by the
recommendations of the High Powered Committee, respondent no.1 filed a writ
petition before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana contending that the said
report was liable to be quashed as the policy 4 of pick and choose was adopted
in the matter of releasing lands and that the acquisition of lands was
discriminatory. The High Court concluded that the case of respondent no.1 was
on a better footing than that of M/s Orient Crafts since a perusal of the site
plan shows that the land of M/s Orient Crafts which is similarly placed with
the land of the respondent no.1, does not contain any structure unlike that of
the land of the respondent no.1 containing a pucca structure.
Moreover,
no nullah flows through the land of M/s Orient Crafts as averred by the
appellant Corporation. As such, the land of M/s Orient Crafts was held to be
wrongly released from acquisition amounting to discrimination against
respondent no.1. Accordingly, the High Court ordered the release of the land
belonging to respondent no.1 on the following grounds:
i. That
they will maintain the green belt as desired by the Department which is
essentially required to lay the infrastructure.
ii. That
they would pay the proportionate internal and external charges to the Haryana
State Industrial Development Corporation (in short the `HSIDC') as and when it
is required by the authorities.
7.
Before us, the learned counsel for the appellants argued, at the
first instance, that since a High Powered Committee having been appointed to
examine the cases of land acquisition had recommended the acquisition of the
lands of the respondents, the decision of the High Court to quash the
particular acquisition was fallacious. The High Powered Committee had adopted
certain guiding principles for ascertaining the status of the land notified for
acquisition, the first three conditions being;- I. The land for which CLU
(change of land use) has been obtained and the Industrial unit is under
construction/ constructed or running, not to be acquired; but if the CLU
obtained but no construction initiated and duration of sanction had expired before
the issue of notification under Section-4, shall not be considered as a case of
CLU obtained, keeping in view the provisions of the Punjab Scheduled Roads and
Controlled Areas Restrictions of Unregulated Development Rules, 1965 (Rule 26
f) II. The Industrial units constructed without permission, if fit in the
overall planning and do not interfere in the road network, will be adjusted as
these are subject to the condition that the Town and Country Planning 6
Department has not filed prosecution case in the Court of Law for the
violations, and shall give an undertaking to the Committee that they will apply
to the Director, Town and Country Planning for compounding the offences and
shall pay all the charges/ fees to the Government as per policy of the Department
of Town and Country Planning Haryana.
III. To
ensure continuity of the Industrial Estate, land under acquisition, which is
essential for integrated planning, shall not be released.
These
guidelines and parameters for evaluation of the merits of each case were
approved by the Government of Haryana and Punjab and were subsequently notified
through the newspaper `The Tribune' and were also made available in the website
of HSIDC.
8.
The land belonging to the respondent had houses and shops built
prior to the notification issued under Section 4 of the Act. However this does
not amount to fulfillment of the conditions necessary for release of the land
under the criteria laid down in the abovementioned parameters and as such, this
particular land was rightly recommended for acquisition. On the other hand, the
land belonging to M/s Orient Craft was recommended for release by the High 7
Powered Committee on grounds which were beyond the scope of the criteria
applied under the parameters approved by the Government.
Moreover,
as rightly pointed out by the High Court, the observation of the Committee
regarding a seasonal nullah passing through the lands of M/s Orient Craft are
contrary to the actual facts. Consideration of this observation in releasing
the land of M/s Orient Craft betrays an element of either partiality or
insincerity on the part of the Committee.
Though,
no construction was raised on the land of M/s Orient Craft, the State of
Haryana sought an affidavit from the General Manager of M/s Orient Craft before
releasing their land. In the affidavit filed by the Senior General Manager of
M/s Orient Craft, it was averred that they would leave the land as desired by
the HSIDC which is essentially required to lay the infrastructure. Moreover, it
was averred that they would also pay the proportionate external and internal
developmental charges to the HSIDC. Consequent to the submission of this
affidavit, the Director of Industry & Commerce, Haryana, released the land
belonging to M/s Orient Craft. This procedure of release of the land notified
for acquisition clearly does not conform to the guidelines that were formulated
and approved at the first place.
9.
It appears that the release of the land of M/s Orient Craft would
not frustrate the whole object of acquisition for expansion of the industrial 8
estate since the undertaking of M/s Orient Craft to release land as desired by
the HSIDC amounts to fulfillment of the lands needed by the HSIDC in that area.
However, the manner in which it was released and the grounds that were relied
on for its release are fraught with defects that raise doubts regarding the
impartiality and sincerity of the authority. The appellant corporation has
sought to justify the decision of the High Powered Committee to release that particular
land by referring to a judgment of this Court in the case of Anand Buttons v.
State of Haryana and others [(2005) 9 SCC 164] wherein this court observed:
"...reasoning
of the High Court cannot be faulted for the simple reason that the authority,
who has to carry out the planned development of the industrial estate, is in
the best position to judge as to which land can be exempted from the
acquisition without jeopardizing the development scheme. It is not possible for
the court to sit in appeal over the exercise of such satisfaction by the
authority vested with the task of implementing the development plan."
Thus the
validity of the decision of the concerned authority was upheld on the ground
that it has to carry out the planned development of the industrial estate and
so it is in the best position to judge as to which land can be exempted from
acquisition without jeopardising the development scheme. As such, it was
rightly held by this court in Anand Buttons's Case (supra) that it is not
possible for the court to sit in appeal 9 over the exercise of such
satisfaction by the authority vested with the task of implementing the
development plan.
10.
The task of such authority is no doubt to ensure the smooth
execution of the development plans and since they have a firsthand knowledge of
the ground realities, they are surely at a better position than anyone else to
decide as to which land is to be acquired and which is to be released. But when
there has been a guideline laid down for the same task and it has been approved
and notified, the issue becomes a matter of policy which the authority has to
follow with a reasonable amount of uniformity. In the given facts of the case,
the respondents have alleged discrimination thereby attracting Article 14 of
the Constitution of India. As held in the case of Union of India v. International
Trading Co. [(2003) 5 SCC 437], Article 14 applies to matters of government
policy and such policy or action would be unconstitutional if it fails to
satisfy the test of reasonableness. This Court observed :
"...It
is law that Article 14 of the Constitution applies also to matters of
governmental policy and if the policy or any action of the Government, even in
contractual matters, fails to satisfy the test of reasonableness, it would be
unconstitutional. While the discretion to change the policy in exercise of the
executive power, when not trammelled by any statute or rule is wide enough,
what is imperative and implicit in terms of Article 14 is that a change in
policy must be made fairly and should not give impression that it was so done
arbitrarily on by any 10 ulterior criteria. The wide sweep of Article 14 and
the requirement of every State action qualifying for its validity on this
touchstone irrespective of the field of activity of the State is an accepted
tenet. The basic requirement of Article 14 is fairness in action by the state,
and non- arbitrariness in essence and substance is the heart beat of fair play.
Actions are amenable, in the panorama of judicial review only to the extent
that the State must act validly for discernible reasons, not whimsically for
any ulterior purpose. The meaning and true import and concept of arbitrariness
is more easily visualized than precisely defined. A question whether the
impugned action is arbitrary or not is to be ultimately answered on the facts
and circumstances of a given case. A basic and obvious test to apply in such
cases is to see whether there is any discernible principle emerging from the
impugned action and if so, does it really satisfy the test of reasonableness.
Where a particular mode is prescribed for doing an act and there is no
impediment in adopting the procedure, the deviation to act in different manner
which does not disclose any discernible principle which is reasonable itself
shall be labelled as arbitrary. Every State action must be informed by reason
and it follows that an act uninformed by reason is per se arbitrary."
The
discretion to change a policy in exercise of the executive power, which appears
to be the case in the present matter, must be exercised fairly and should not
give the impression that it was so done arbitrarily or by any ulterior
criteria. It has been observed by this court, as noted herein above, that a
question whether the impugned action is arbitrary or not, is to be ultimately
answered on the facts and circumstances of the given case. It was rightly held
that where a particular mode is prescribed for doing an act and there is no 11
impediment in adopting the procedure, the deviation to act in a different
manner which does not disclose any discernible principle which is reasonable
itself shall be labelled as arbitrary.
11.
Thus in the given facts of the case, the action of the Committee
in releasing the lands of M/s Orient Craft would not be arbitrary in so far as
it has deviated from the procedure laid down in the form of guidelines approved
for the same purpose, provided a principle discerned from the deviation is
within the bounds of the reasonableness test. From a perusal of the facts of
the case, it is clear that the release of the land of M/s Orient Craft may be
said to be based on the logic that as the undertaking of M/s Orient Craft to
release their land as desired by the department had fulfilled the lands needed
by the HSIDC, so the deviation in releasing the same has a justifiable reason.
So, we may safely say that such deviation from the procedural guidelines is not
unjustified in the present situation. This leads us to the question as to why
such a reasonable principle was not applied in the case of the lands of the
respondent, though the same were contiguous and adjoining the lands of M/s
Orient Craft and thereby releasing the land of the respondent also.
12.
As the deviation from the guidelines in releasing the land of M/s
Orient Craft has been found to be not wrongful, there is no question of 12
committing two wrongs by applying the same yardstick to release the lands of
the respondents. As such, we do not find anything wrong in the decision of the
High Court to release the lands of the respondents from acquisition.
13.
Thus, let us now consider the question raised by the respondents
regarding the validity of the conditions laid down by the High Court for
release of their lands. As noted herein earlier, the High Court had laid down
the following conditions for the release from acquisition of the lands of the
respondents :- i. That they will maintain the green belt as desired by the
Department which is essentially required to lay the infrastructure.
ii. That
they would pay the proportionate internal and external charges to the HSIDC as
and when it is required by the authorities.
It is
obvious that these conditions laid down are very similar to the undertaking of
M/s Orient Craft which was filed in the form of an affidavit as mentioned
earlier. At the risk of repetition, we would like to mention the two conditions
mentioned in the undertaking of M/s Orient Craft viz.:- 13 i. That they would
leave the land as desired by the department which is essentially required to
lay the infrastructure.
ii. That
they would also pay the proportionate external and internal development charges
to the HSIDC as and when assessed and demanded.
Thus, the
intention of the High Court is clearly to bring parity in the status of the
lands of the respondents vis-a-vis that of M/s Orient Craft.
This is
justifiable since the same principle has been applied that is discernible from
the act of release from acquisition of the land of M/s Orient Craft, as has
already been observed.
14.
However, the respondents have argued against the validity of the
condition to maintain a green belt on their land up to 50 meters on two
grounds. First, they relied on a judgment of this Court in the case of Raju S.
Jethmalani v. State of Maharastra [(2005) 11 SCC 222] wherein it was held that
the burden to make available green area cannot be put on the citizens.
Secondly, it was argued that the condition of maintaining 50 meters green belt
is not supported by any law in force, and also that even under Section 3 of the
Punjab Scheduled Roads & Controlled Areas (Restriction of Unregulated 14
Development) Act, 1963, there is no condition of maintaining green belt.
15.
Before taking up the first point, we would like to clarify one
thing about the second point. It is true that Section 3 of the Punjab Scheduled
Roads & Controlled Areas (Restriction of Unregulated Development) Act, 1963
does not explicitly require the maintenance of 50 meters green belt. However,
one must take into consideration the fact that the Corporation had been
appointed as a nodal agency by the State Government for rapid industrialisation
of the State and so it had to carry out the planned development of the industrial
estates.
The needs
of industrialisation and economic development are so dynamic that it is not
possible to limit these needs by certain legislative provision. These needs
will change according to the growing economic demands. In the present case in
hand, the need for rapid industrialization of the State was recognised by the
State Government and accordingly notifications were issued by it under Sections
4 and 6 of the Act, which was clearly done according to the applicable rules
and procedures. Moreover, there is no law in force that categorically limits
the area to which a green belt may be extended, and this means that it is a
need based decision on the part of the authority though it has to be within
reasonable bounds. So the 15 mere fact that Section 3 of the Punjab Scheduled
Roads & Controlled Areas (Restriction of Unregulated Development) Act, 1963
does not explicitly require the maintenance of 50 meters green belt, cannot be
allowed to frustrate the attempt to meet the ever increasing economic needs of
rapid industrialisation. In this regard, we may once again look back to the
judgment in Anand Button's case (supra) and conclude that since the nodal
agency is in the best position to decide how much is needed for the maintenance
of 50 meters green belt, there is nothing wrong in requiring the same in the
given case.
16.
As far as the judgment in the case of Raju S. Jethmalani (supra)
is concerned, we need to see whether the facts in that case are similar to the
facts in the present case. In Raju S. Jethmalani, this court held that no
burden can be placed on private citizens to provide suitable area in the
locality for using the same as garden or park. This Court observed :
"...We
fail to understand how can the burden be placed on the appellants that they
should provide suitable area in the present locality for using the same as
garden or park.
Rather,
the burden should have been placed on the Municipal Corporation or the State
Government instead of putting it on the appellants that they must provide some
space for garden and park. This direction, in our opinion, appears to be wholly
misconceived and we set aside the impugned order of the Division Bench..."
16 In
view of the above, therefore, the burden should have been placed on the
Municipal Corporation or the State Government and not on the individuals. This
appears to render the judgment of the High Court in the present case fallacious
as far as the conditions imposing maintenance of a green belt on the
respondents is concerned. However in the present case, the purpose is very
different from that in Raju S. Jethmalani's case and also the applicable Acts
are different. So the need is to check whether the two situations are in pari
materia or not.
We have
to take into account the observations of this Court in Raju S. Jethmalani's
case (supra) that a development plan can be prepared of a land comprising of a
private person but that plan cannot be implemented till the land belonging to
the private person is acquired by the Planning Authority. Accordingly in Raju
S. Jethmalani's case (supra), the decision of the High Court to impose burden
on private individuals to provide suitable area for park was found to be faulty
because of the fact that the Municipal Corporation had failed to acquire the
land for the said purpose even though it was planned so initially. It is beyond
any doubt that in the present case, the HSIDC is ready to acquire the land of
the private persons i.e. the respondents, and so we fail to relate the
situation in Raju S. Jethmalani with that of the present case. Moreover, we
cannot 17 frustrate the overall purpose of the Act by relying on a judgment
that relates to a matter under the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act,
1966. Thus, we need not be bound by the decision in Raju S. Jethmalani's case
(supra) as far as the burdening of a private person to provide land for public
utility is concerned. However, so far as the question of maintaining a green
belt imposed by the High Court in the impugned order is concerned, we are not
in a position to agree with such directions of the High Court.
17.
Leaving the land for the HSIDC to develop a green belt is
different from that of requiring the private person to maintain the green belt
since that will be an unnecessary burden on that person. Since we have sought
to rely on the averment made by M/s Orient Craft in order to bring parity
between the status of the lands of the respondents and M/s Orient Craft, we
believe that the same criteria should be applied in releasing these lands from
acquisition. The most important issue is that the process of development and
industrialisation as planned and approved by the legislature should not meet a
dead end because of a small stretch of land. As such, the land of the
respondents shall be released from acquisition as was the case with M/s Orient
Craft, but the same shall be done on same grounds as was applied for the land
of M/s Orient Craft. Accordingly, 18 affirming the judgment of the High Court,
we only modify the conditions for fulfilment on the part of the respondents so
that their land is released from acquisition. These are:- i. They will release
the land which is needed by the HSIDC for maintaining the green belt,
undisturbed and such land shall be not more than the 50 meters prescribed for
the Green Belt.
ii. They
will pay the proportionate external and internal charges to the HSIDC as and
when it is required by the authorities.
18.
Apart from the modifications that we have made in the conditions
imposed by the High Court in the impugned judgment as mentioned above, we do
not find any merit in these appeals.
19.
For the reasons aforesaid, the appeals are disposed of with the
aforesaid modification of the impugned judgment of the High Court.
There
will be no order as to the costs.
..........................J [Tarun Chatterjee]
..........................J.
New Delhi;
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