M/S Precious Oil
Corp. & Ors. Vs. State of Assam [2009] INSC 214 (5 February 2009)
Judgment
IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. OF 2008 (Arising
out of SLP (Crl.) No. 8113 of 2007) M/s Precious Oil Corporation and Ors.
...Appellants Versus State of Assam ...Respondent
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT,
J.
1.
Leave
granted.
2.
Challenge
in this appeal is to the judgment of a learned Single Judge of the Guwahati
High Court upholding the conviction of the appellants for offence punishable
under Section 7(1)(a)(i) of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 ( in short the
`Act'). The allegation was that the appellant had violated Clause 3 of the
Lubricating Oil and Greases (Processing, Supply & Distribution Regulation)
Order, 1987 (in short the `Control Order'). Simple imprisonment of one month
and fine of Rs.3,000/- each with default stipulation was awarded to the accused
persons.
3.
The
prosecution against the accused-appellants was initiated on the basis of an
offence report submitted by Sir Dhiraj Choudhury, Inspector of Food and Civil
Supplies, Assam, Guwahati PW-3 alleging inter-alia that on 1-10-1996 he along
with two other Inspectors of Food and Civil Supplies Department visited the
processing industry of lubricating oil belonging to the appellant no.2,
situated near Lankeswar, Jalukbari, Guwahati and on such inspection, it was
found that the concern did not possess necessary license as required under the
Control Order and also proper books of account etc as required under the law
were not produced. The inspecting team found that no license could be produced
for the processing unit and thereby violated Clause 3 of the Control Order. The
accused had failed to obtain proper license as required under law within 6
months of commencement of processing and thereby has violated clause 5(5) of
the Control Order. The inspecting team collected and sent the samples of lubricating
oil for necessary analysis to thee approved laboratory. After such analysis, it
was found that the said lubricating oil could not be considered as Automotive
Lubricating Oil, thereby violating Clause 4 of the Control Order attracting
punishment for sale of adulterated lubricating oil. The team seized from the
appellants re-refined lubricating oil in 380 sealed tins of 1 litre each, 1,210
litres in 6 barrels containing 205 litres each, 19,475 litres of used
lubricating oil in 95 barrels containing 205 litres in each, 20 kgs. of grease
in one loose barrel, 920 numbers of empty tins of 1 litre capacity for TOPOL 20
W/40, one book of accounts, an extract copy of the Display Board of Stock and
Prices displayed in the office premises, 3 litres of TOPOL, 20 W/46 contained
in 3 sealed tins. The inspector having found prima facie violation of Clauses
3, 4 and 5(5) of the Control Order punishable under Section 7 of the Act,
submitted the offence report against the appellants in the Court of the learned
Sessions Judge, Kamrup for necessary prosecution under the law. The
accused-appellant no.1 is the concern itself and the accused No.2 is the
Proprietor of the concern and accused no.3 is an employee of the concern. On
the basis of the aforesaid offence report, Sp1. Case No.5 of 97 was registered
in the Court of the learned Sessions Judge, Guwahati.
4.
Summons
having been served, the appellants appeared in the case and vide order dated
19.8.1997, the learned trial judge explained the offences to them about
allegations of contravention of Clauses 3, 4 and 5(5) of the Control Order
punishable under Section 7(1)(a)(i) of the Act.
5.
Accused
persons pleaded not guilty and therefore trial was held.
Three witnesses were
examined to further the prosecution version.
Appellant No.2
examined himself as DW-1. The stand of the appellants was that appellant No.2
the proprietor of the concern had applied for issuance of license under the
Control Order to the competent authority. Since no action was taken even though
all formalities were complied with, the High Court was approached by filing
Civil Rule 2185 of 1997 for necessary directions to issue the license. The High
Court by its order dated 20.5.1997 disposed of the writ petition directing the
appellant to consider the case of the writ petitioners in the matter of
issuance of license for processing lubricating oil and grease. It was further
submitted that Inspector of Food and Civil Supplies was not authorized to
conduct the inspection and/or to submit the offence report in terms of Clause 8
of the Control Order. Strong reliance was placed on a decision of this Court in
Murarilal Jhunjhunwala v. State of Bihar and Ors. (AIR 1991 SC 515). The trial
Court found the appellants guilty and the High Court affirmed the same. The
High Court noted that different stands were taken before it. A plea relating to
Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 (in short the `Probation Act') was rejected
holding that the offence alleged was a white-collar offence.
6.
Stand
of the appellants in the present appeal is that no mens rea was involved. There
was no sale involved and, therefore, Clause 4 of the Control Order does not
apply. Even though the trial Court held that Clause 4 was not violated, it went
wrong in holding that clause 3 was violated. Though the trial Court appreciated
the bona fides of the appellants, yet the sentence of one month was imposed.
7.
Learned
counsel for the respondent on the other hand supported the judgment.
8.
Clauses
3 of the Control Order read as follows:
"Restriction on
Processing and Storage of Lubricating Oils and Greases- No person shall carry
on the business of a processor except under and in accordance with the terms
and conditions of a valid licence granted to him under this order."
9.
A
bare reading of Clause 3 shows that no person is authorized to carry on
business of a processor except and in accordance with the terms and conditions
of a valid license granted to him under the order. The evidence of PW-3 who led
the inspecting team clearly established that processing was being undertaken.
10.
Clause
5 deals with application for grant or renewal of a licence.
Clause 5(5) provided
that all existing processors shall obtain licence under the Control Order within
6 months of the commencement thereof. Clause 6 (5) provides for making an
application for renewal of licence before three months of its expiry. The
Control Order has been promulgated under Section 3 of the Act.
11.
At
the time of inspection, large quantity of stocks and/or products was stored.
Though the allegations inter-alia were that no licence was obtained, proper
books of accounts were not maintained and adulterated lubricating oil was
stored. The following articles were seized during inspection:
(1) Re-refined
lubricating oil (TOPOL 20-40) 380 sealed tins of one litre each, Grade-II.
(2) Re-refined
lubricating oil 1, 210 litre in six barrel containing 205 litres in each.
(3) 19,475 litres of
used lubricating oil in 95f barrels containing 205 litres in each.
(4) Greases 20 Kgs.
in one loose barrel.
(5) 920 numbers of
empty tins of one litre capacity for TOPOL 20W/40.
(6) One book of
accounts having incomplete accounts of finished products.
(7) An extract copy
of the display board of stocks and prices displayed in the office premises of
the firm.
(8) 3 litres of
TOPOL-20W/40 contained in 3 sealed tins of one litre each (for sample)
12.
Although
the accused persons took the plea that there was no sale, but interestingly
there was display board showing stocks and prices of the articles. This itself
was indicative of the fact that sale transactions were being carried on. The
trial Court and the High Court had rightly decided that there has been
contravention of Clause 3 of the Control Order. In that view of the matter the
conclusions cannot be faulted. Coming to the question whether the Probation Act
can be applied, this Court had an occasion to with the same.
13.
The
rehabilatory purpose of the Probation Act is pervasive enough technically to
take within its wings an offence even under the Act. The decision in Ishar Das
v. State of Punjab (1973 (2) SCC 65) is authority for this position. Certainly,
"its beneficial provisions should receive wide interpretation and should
not be read in a restricted sense". But in the very same decision this
Court indicated one serious limitation:
"Adulteration of
food is a menace to public health. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act has
been enacted with the aim of eradicating that anti-social evil and for ensuring
purity in the articles of food. In view of the above object of the Act and the
intention of the Legislature as revealed by the fact that a minimum sentence of
imprisonment for a period of six months and a fine of rupees one thousand has
been prescribed, the courts should not lightly resort to the provisions of the
Probation of Offenders Act in the case of persons above 21 years of age found
guilty of offences under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act ...."
14.
The
kindly application of the probation principles is negatived by the imperatives
of social defence and the improbabilities of moral proselyti- sation. No
chances can be taken by society with a man whose anti-social operations, disguised
as a respectable trade, imperil numerous innocents. He is a security risk.
Secondly, these economic offences committed by white- collar criminals are
unlikely to be dissuaded by the gentle probationary process. Neither casual
provocation nor motive against particular persons but planned profit-making
from numbers of consumers furnishes the incentive - not easily humanised by the
therapeutic probationary measure. It is not without significance that the 47th
report of the Law Commission of India has recommended the exclusion of the Act
to social and economic offences by suitable amendments. It observed:
"We appreciate
that the suggested amendment would be in apparent conflict with current trends
in sentencing.
But ultimately, the
justification of all sentencing is the protection of society. There are
occasions when an offender is so anti-social that his immediate and sometimes
prolonged confinement is the best assurance of society's protection. The
consideration of rehabilitation has to give way, because of the paramount need
for the protection of society. We are, therefore, recommending suitable
amendment in all the Acts, to exclude probation in the above cases." (p.
85).
15.
In
the current Indian conditions the probation movement has not yet attained sufficient
strength to correct these intractable. Maybe, under more developed conditions a
different approach may have to be made. For the present we cannot accede to the
invitation to let off the accused on probation.
16.
The
aforesaid position was also highlighted in Pyarali K. Tejani v. Mahadeo
Ramchandra Dange and Ors. (1974 (1) SCC 167).
17.
Above
being the position, there is no merit in this appeal which is accordingly
dismissed.
...............................J.
(Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT)
...............................J.
(P. SATHASIVAM)
...............................
J.
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