Bhagwati
Prasad Vs. State of M.P. [2009] INSC 1776 (3 December 2009)
Judgment
`REPORTABLE'
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CRIMINAL APPEAL
NO. 1368 OF 2003 Bhagwati Prasad .... Appellant Versus State of M.P. ....
Respondent
V.S.
SIRPURKAR, J.
1.
Appellant herein, who was original accused No. 6 (A-6) in the
trial, has challenged the judgment of the High Court, allowing the State's
Appeal and setting aside the judgment of acquittal passed by the Trial Court.
All the accused persons were tried for the offences punishable under Sections
148 and 149 read with Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (hereinafter called
"IPC" or short), while the charge against the present appellant was
substantively for the offence under Sections 148 and 302 IPC.
2.
The allegation was that all the accused persons, six in number,
formed an unlawful assembly and by way of a common object thereof, committed
murder of one Ramgopal (deceased) on 18.2.1984 at about 7 A.M. As per the
prosecution story, a report came to be lodged by one Kedar Prasad (PW-2) of
Bansipura, the brother of Ramgopal (deceased) in Police Station Ambah to the
effect that he alongwith the deceased and neighbour farmer Ramgopal (PW-3) S/o
Tularam had gone to irrigate their field from the canal in Village Lahdaria
situated at a distance of 12 K.M.
When they
opened the canal for irrigation, at that time, Bhagwati (appellant herein),
armed with spear and the other accused persons armed with Lathi came there and
stopped them from opening the canal. The said accused persons belonged to
Village Lahdaria and they were staying nearby.
There
were arguments, as the accused persons objected to the complainant party taking
water from the canal while the complainant insisted upon taking water, on which
Baburam, original accused No. 1 (A- 1) gave Lathi blow upon Kedar Prasad
(complainant/ PW-2). When Ramgopal (deceased) came to his rescue, Bhagwati
(A-6) gave a spear blow on Ramgopal' back, as a result of which Ramgopal fell
down. It was further stated that other accused persons, namely, Devi Prasad,
original accused No. 5 (A-5), Hari Shankar, original accused No. 2 (A-2) and
Radhacharan, original accused No. 3 (A-3) also gave Lathi blows on injured
Ramgopal (deceased). Ramgopal was then taken to Ambah, but 3 he died on the
way.
3.
On receipt of the information, the usual investigation started.
Inquest
report was drawn and the body of Ramgopal (deceased) was sent for post mortem
examination, which was conducted by Dr. K.S. Chauhan (PW-1). In the post mortem
report, it was shown that the death was caused because of the piercing blow,
due to which right lung was damaged by penetrating spear. After the
registration of offence, Sambhu Singh, Sub-Inspector (PW-9) arrested all the
accused persons, who were initially absconding. After their arrest, Bhagwati
(appellant herein) agreed to discover the spear used in the crime from the
wheat field, which was accordingly recovered from that place. So also, the
other accused persons gave information leading to the recovery of their
respective Lathis, which were used in commission of crime. The spear was sent
to Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, M.P. and after completion of the
investigation, the chargesheet was filed.
4.
The Trial Court acquitted all the accused persons of all the
offences. The Trial Court held that there was no direct evidence for common
object. It was also held that the two eye-witnesses, namely, Kedar Prasad
(PW-2), being the brother of Ramgopal (deceased) and Ramgopal (PW-3) S/o
Tularam, being the cousin of the deceased could not be relied upon. After
quoting from their evidence, the Trial Court found two irregularities, which
according to the Trial Court were substantial. The first was relating to the 4
spot of occurrence not being properly identified. For this, the Trial Court
found that there was contradiction in the version of the eye-witnesses and the
spot map (Exhibit P-4). The second irregularity, according to the Trial Court,
was about the inquest panchnama (Exhibit P-12), which was found to be torn.
According to the Trial Court, the Police had failed to supply the carbon copy
of the panchnama, though direction was given by the Court, which was not
complied with by the Police. According to the Trial Court that panchnama was
deliberately held back. By way of some other irregularities, the Trial Court
found that there was contradiction in the version of Kedar Prasad (PW-2) and
Ramgopal (PW-3) about existence of the blood in the field and the spot on which
the blood was found. One more contradiction was found in the evidence of
Ramgopal (PW-3) as to whether he was accompanying the complainant party or
whether he had joined them some time later. On these grounds, the Trial Court
came to the conclusion that the prosecution case was not proved.
5.
This order was appealed against before the High Court. The High
Court, in its well considered judgment, discussed all the issues. The High
Court firstly held that it had the full powers to review the evidence being the
Court of Appeal. The High Court then examined the principles to be adopted in
appeal against acquittal for appreciation of evidence. The High Court then went
on to hold that the traumatic and homicidal death of 5 deceased was proved.
After discussing the medical evidence, the High Court firstly dealt with the
caustic remarks by the Sessions Judge against the Police. Those remarks are to
be found in Paras 13 and 14 of the judgment of the Trial Court. It so happened
that some portion of panchnama (Exhibit P-12) was not to be found. The Trial
Court held that that portion of the original panchnama was deliberately torn.
It seems that the Sessions Judge had directed production of carbon copy of some
documents and written some letters (Exhibits C-1 to C-4). However, it was
pointed out by the Public Prosecutor that the originals of Case Diary and the
documents were already there before the Court and, therefore, there was no
question of producing the carbon copy of the record. This was not taken very
well by the Sessions Judge and he observed in Para 13 of his judgment that :-
"13. ......... It is the matter of regret that police has treated this
Court just like defence and enemy. When the police has such respect towards
Court, then bad day of judiciary has come. It is said that till today people has
faith upon judiciary. The people should be ready to bear bad result."
Further,
in Para 14, the Sessions Judge held that:-
14. Fact
is not so simple, Chor-ke-dadhi-me-tinka's fact is materialized in this case.
Carbon copy of case diary is intentionally concealed. Had the carbon copy
produced, then purpose of tourning of bottom portion of panchnama of dead body
(P-12) would have been clearly proved or the good-faith of prosecution have
been proved............................ From 6 the activities of non-producing
the carbon copy of diary into the Court, it can be easily said that this person
Shri R.B. Sharma, S.P.O. (Police), Ambah is himself responsible for tourning
(probably tearing) of panchnama of dead body to save his under-working
employee. He cannot take the risk of contempt of Court and hence, there is sign
of second offence."
The High
Court noted this and found that all these comments were completely unwarranted,
irrelevant and unnecessary for the decision of the case. It was further
observed that no explanation of the Reader, who keeps the record, was taken on
22.8.1985, when one R.N. Sharma (PW- 6), who prepared the inquest panchnama,
was examined and no question was put to him. The High Court thus found that at
least till that date, inquest panchnama was intact. It further expressed that
perhaps it was torn or mutilated while handling the file. The High Court
further found that copy of the panchnama was supplied to the defence and the
Trial Court either should have taken such copy from defence or could have
written a suitable memo to the S.P. for sending carbon copy of the same,
explaining the situation. The High Court also observed that sending the APP for
obtaining the carbon copy and insisting upon his personally talking to S.P. was
an unnecessary exercise. The High Court also observed that drawing of any
adverse inference therefrom was unwarranted.
6.
High Court then discussed the evidence of two eye-witnesses being
Kedar Prasad (PW-2) and Ramgopal (PW-3) in details and came to the conclusion
that their evidence was credible and unshakable. For this, the 7 High Court
also relied on the medical evidence of Dr. K.S. Chauhan (PW- 1) and the further
fact that even Kedar Prasad (PW-2) and Ramgopal (PW- 3) had sustained injuries
in the same occurrence. The High Court rejected the claim of the defence that
these two witnesses were relations and, therefore, their evidence was liable to
be rejected. For this proposition, the State of A.P. [1999 (3) SCC 97], Lilaram
(Dead) through Duli Chand Bihar [2002(1) SCC 351].
7.
The High Court also discussed the evidence of Amar Singh (DW-1),
Omprakash (DW-2), who were the relatives of the accused persons, as also
Gopinath (DW-3), brother-in-law of the sister of Bhagwati Prasad (appellant
herein). Gopinath (DW-3) was examined to prove the alibi of Bhagwati Prasad
(appellant herein), however, the High Court rejected that claim. The High Court
also refused to draw adverse inference for not examining some other witnesses
like Ramdayal and Bansi, since they had come to the place of occurrence, only
after the incident. The High Court, in Para 18 of its judgment, has discussed
the topography of the place of occurrence and critically examined the evidence
of Vishram Palia (PW-8), Head Constable and Jamna Prasad (PW-7), Patwari, who
had drawn the 8 spot map. It also examined the placement of Canal, Bamba and
aqueduct.
The claim
of the defence that there was a serious discrepancy in respect of the place of
occurrence was rejected by the High Court and concluded that the Trial Court
had over-emphasized on this issue. The High Court then recorded that the
defence had no alternative case to suggest that event had happened anywhere
else. The defence had merely suggested that someone had murdered Ramgopal
(deceased) in the night by the side of outlet of canal (Bamba) and a false case
had been framed against the accused. The High Court, therefore, came to the
conclusion that the actual spot of dispute was of no consequence and the two
injured eye- witnesses, namely, Kedar Prasad (PW-2) and Ramgopal (PW-3) had
clearly supported the prosecution case and, therefore, in keeping with the SCC
431], the minor discrepancies, if at all, were not sufficient to disbelieve the
evidence of two eye-witnesses. It was pointed out that there was no previous
enmity between the parties and the incident arose on account of opening of the
aqueduct for irrigation.
8.
The High Court further found that participation of Devi Prasad
(A-5), Hari Shankar (A-2) and Radhacharan (A-3) was not proved beyond doubt and
proceeded to acquit them. It was also held that the participation of five
persons was not proved and there could not be the common intention 9 also of
Baburam (A-1) and Bhagirath, original accused No. 4 (A-4) to cause death of the
deceased. Ultimately, in Para 20 of its judgment, the High Court pointed out
that the offence on the part of the present appellant could not be that under
Section 302 IPC and it was only covered under Section 304 Part II IPC, while
Babulal (A-1) and Bhagirath (A-4) were held guilty for the offences punishable
under Section 323 IPC. In that view, the appellant was awarded 5 years'
rigorous imprisonment, while Babulal (A-1) and Bhagirath (A-4) were sentenced
to undergo simple imprisonment till rising of the Court and to pay a fine of
Rs.1,000/-, in default of payment of which, to undergo rigorous imprisonment
for 3 months.
9.
Shri S.K. Dubey, Learned Senior Counsel appearing on behalf of the
appellant led great stress on the spot, where the incident allegedly had
occurred. He also took us through the evidence of the eye-witnesses and urged
that the High Court had erred in setting aside the well considered verdict of
acquittal by the Trial Court. Shri Dubey firstly urged that the change of spot
of occurrence was apparent as the place where the incident allegedly took
place, did not have any blood, though according to the witnesses, Ramgopal
(deceased) had fallen down on that place. It is to be noted that Kedar Prasad
(PW-2) had not referred to any spot of blood in the field of the complainant,
while as per the evidence of Ramgopal (PW-3), there was blood at one spot.
Ramgopal (PW-3) went on to 10 depose that he had shown the spot where there was
presence of blood and Vishram Palia (PW-8), Investigating Officer had also
seized the blood- stained earth from the place of incident. In Para 9 of his
deposition, Ramgopal (PW-3) had deposed that the place where Ramgopal
(deceased) had fallen, there was presence of blood on that spot in the field.
When we see the evidence of Vishram Palia (PW-8), Investigating Officer, he
asserted that there was no blood found in the field. The Learned Senior Counsel
for the appellant, therefore, argued that the whole prosecution claim is
contradictory as according to Kedar Prasad (PW-2), incident took place near the
canal. There was no blood to be found at that spot or even at the spot where
the aqueduct was sought to be opened by the deceased. In comparison to this, on
the claim of Ramgopal (PW-3) that there was blood somewhere in the field and it
is at that spot that Ramgopal (deceased) was assaulted, the Learned Senior
Counsel contended that this only suggested that both the eye-witnesses were
lying completely and the whole incident was imaginary.
10.
We cannot accept this contention. The version of Ramgopal (PW-3)
that he showed the blood spot to Vishram Palia (PW-8), Investigation Officer
and that there was blood, has to be rejected as exaggeration.
Instead
of relying on the evidence of a villager regarding the blood spot, we would
chose to accept the evidence of Vishram Palia (PW-8), 11 Investigation Officer,
who very specifically asserted that there was no blood anywhere in the field.
The Learned Senior Counsel argued that it was impossible that the blood would
not come out of the body, however, the Learned Counsel appearing on behalf of
the State pointed out that it is not necessary that the blood would flow like
tap-water from a single wound, even if the said wound proved fatal, as has been
asserted by Dr. K.S. Chauhan (PW-1). It must be borne in mind that the
deceased, at that time, was wearing a vest and a shirt above and even if the
blood came out, it could be soaked in the clothes worn by the deceased at that
time.
Therefore,
the Learned Counsel for the appellant urged that the evidence of Vishram Palia
(PW-8), Investigation Officer would be more acceptable and appropriate. The
Learned Senior Counsel is undoubtedly right.
Further,
there is no evidence that any artery of the deceased was cut. This is apart
from the fact that there was no cross-examination of Kedar Prasad (PW-2) on
this issue. The Learned Counsel for the State rightly pointed out that in the
spot-map or in the observation panchnama, there is no place shown as
blood-stained and had the blood been present there, there was no reason for the
prosecution to hide that spot or to avoid stating about that. In our opinion,
the existence of blood or absence thereof would by itself not be such a fact as
would completely wipe out the evidence of two eye-witnesses.
11.
In fact, much confusion was caused on account of the use of three
words, namely, canal, Bamba and cool. The witnesses have specifically explained
that the main canal was on the Northern side of the two adjacent fields of the
complainant. Bamba, i.e., outlet of canal is from that canal on the Northern
side and the water then comes in that small outlet, which feeds Eastern side
field of the complainant. Adjacent to that field is another field of the
complainant and naturally, in order to draw water from Bamba, there has to be
an aqueduct, which would go up to the adjacent field of the deceased. It is at
that spot that the incident must have taken place. This situation is explained
by Kedar Prasad (PW-2). He says in Para 15 of his deposition that on the
earlier day of the incident, water from the canal was released in his field;
the water was released firstly in the canal and they (complainant party) went
in the morning to open the water in his field. He was specific that before
that, water was not flowing in the canal. He was obviously referring to the
Northern side main canal. Much was made by the learned defence Counsel that the
word used is "canal" in the First Information Report and, therefore,
urged that the spot of occurrence must be near the canal in the Northern side.
This is obviously impossible for the simple reason that both the eye-witnesses
are unanimous on the point that the incident took place in the field of
complainant, which was not adjacent to the main canal flowing East-West 13 on
the Northern side. The witness Kedar Prasad (PW-2) has specifically deposed:-
"When water is opened from canal, it comes to bomba and thereafter when
bomba opens then comes to cool and when cool is opened, it comes to
field."
As
regards the spot of occurrence, the witness said in para 18 of his deposition
that:
"Murder
took place in the field situated near Lahdaria village.
Murder
was not taken place in the field situated near road named Ambah Used
Ghat."
The
witness was very specific in his answer when he was asked whether Investigation
Officer collected the blood from the place of incident.
He
deposed:- "I do not know whether I.O. had collected blood at the time of
preparation of spot map. I do not know whether blood was present on the place
of incident."
Ramgopal
(PW-3) also asserted that:- "Quarrel had taken place on the issue of
water. Kedar was releasing water in his field. He was releasing water from the
cool."
Ramgopal
(PW-3) was very specific that the murder took place in the field of Kedar
Prasad (PW-2). In his cross-examination, he stated that he was not called by
Ramgopal (deceased) or Kedar Prasad (PW-2) to irrigate the field and that he
was going to his own field alongwith them.
14 The
Learned Senior Counsel for the appellant found fault with this and according to
the Learned Senior Counsel, since the version was that he was going for
irrigating his field and since the version of Kedar Prasad (PW-2) was that this
witness was going with them to their field, this witness was lying. The
argument is correct. What was the purpose of this witness in going was not
material. Whether the witness was there or not at the time of assault on
Ramgopal is the material fact. It was obvious that he may have gone to the spot
either for irrigating or for collecting grass from his own field. The purpose
is irrelevant. Therefore, the contention of the Learned Senior Counsel is not
right.
As
regards the incident and topography, Ramgopal (PW-3) says that:- "It is
true that water is first released from canal to the Bomba and when released
from Bomba then it comes to cool and when it released from cool then it comes
to Baraha and when it is released from Baraha then it comes to field. No
quarrel had taken place when water was opened from canal. Bomba from the canal
came upto Lahdaria Village and take a turn therefrom. I do not know the
distance between the place of murder and the place of cool where from water
released for Baraha. Even I cannot say the distance in yard, hand, fields,
steps etc."
He,
however, refuted the suggestion that the quarrel has taken place where the
water was released from the canal. He further asserted that:- "It is also
not a fact that when water open from canal then accused persons came with lathi
and Ballam and started qurreling and mar-pit. "
15 Now,
such suggestion, in our opinion, was a suicidal suggestion. It merely
established the presence of the accused persons with weapons, which they
handled. The witness further specified that when water was opened from cool,
then mar-pit had taken place. It must be realized that vocabulary and the terms
used by the villagers could always be confused by the police when they recorded
their statements. Much importance cannot be given to such minor discrepancies.
The broad features of the evidence were that the complainant party wanted to
irrigate their field and for that they wanted to open the aqueduct for
supplying water to their field and it was at that spot that the incident took
place. Once the evidence of the two eye-witnesses, who themselves were injured
eye-witnesses, was accepted by the High Court after the detailed consideration
and when they asserted that the incident took place in the field of the
complainant and when placement of the field of the complainant was fixed by the
evidence, the evidence becomes immediately acceptable and then such minor
discrepancy whether it was spot `A' or spot `B', would be pushed to the
background. Such minor discrepancy cannot affect the whole prosecution story.
It is only when the defence is able to establish that the change of the spot
was deliberate and such a change was so substantial as would affect the whole
prosecution story, that such discrepancies assume 16 importance. In the present
case, it was clearly an open and shut case where the two eye-witnesses in the
broad day light witnessed the attack by the accused persons. There was
absolutely no variance in the version of the two eye-witnesses to the effect
that it was the present appellant, who gave the spear blow on the back of the
deceased. It must be seen immediately that both the witnesses, i.e., Kedar
Prasad (PW-2) and Ramgopal (PW-3) were injured and there was no explanation for
their injuries.
12.
Shri S.K. Dubey, Learned Senior Counsel for the appellant tried to
suggest that in the medical certificate, age of the injuries was mentioned as
24 hours. Now, it is obvious that the maximum duration of the injuries was
stated in the medical certificate. What was meant was that the injuries could
have been caused within 24 hours from the time the witnesses were examined by
the Doctor. Shri Dubey again pointed out that in the post mortem report, the
age of the injuries of the deceased was mentioned as 6 hours. It must be borne
in mind that in the post mortem report, the determination of precise duration
of the injuries can be possible due to the internal examination of the
injuries, whereas no such advantage is available to the Doctor when he examines
the injuries in the nature of contusions. Therefore, normally the approximate
duration is indicated in 17 such certificates. We are not impressed by the
argument of the defence on this aspect and reject the same.
13.
It was also tried to be argued by the Learned Senior Counsel for
the appellant that there were certain discrepancies in the First Information
Report (FIR), like from the FIR, it was suggested as if the incident had taken
place near the canal. We have already considered this contention that the use
of the word "canal" may be because of the impression of the
Constable, who wrote the report in vernacular. That, however, will not take the
spot of occurrence near the canal on the Northern side.
14.
We are, therefore, of the clear opinion that the High Court was
absolutely right in upsetting the judgment of acquittal passed by the Trial
Court and convicting the accused persons.
15.
Shri S.K. Dubey, Learned Senior Counsel for the appellant then
contended that the sentence of five years is too harsh, considering the fact
that the prosecution is pending for so many years. We do not think that the sentence
of five years is unduly harsh, considering that a life is lost and that too
without any justification. In the result, the appeal fails and is dismissed.
18 CRL.
M.P. NO. 18556 OF 2009 In view of the order passed in the main appeal, this
application has become infructuous and is accordingly dismissed.
..............................J. [R.V. RAVEENDRAN]
..............................J. [V.S. SIRPURKAR]
.............................J. [DEEPAK VERMA]
NEW DELHI December 03, 2009.
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