State of
U.P.& ANR. Vs. Man Mohan Nath Sinha & ANR. [2009] INSC 1453 (17 August
2009)
Judgment
IN THE
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5549 OF
2009 (Arising out of SLP ) No. 1848/2009) State of U.P. & Anr. ..Appellants
Versus Man Mohan Nath Sinha & Anr. ..Respondents
JUDGEMENT
R.M.
LODHA, J.
1.
Leave granted.
2.
The question that this Court is called upon to determine in this
appeal by special leave is: whether the High Court was justified in quashing the
order dated November 24, 2003, whereby the respondent No. 1 was dismissed from
service?
3.
Man Mohan Nath Sinha , respondent No.1, was posted as Private
Secretary (Class II) to the then State Minister, Minor Irrigation, Shri Ram
Asrey Paswan, where he worked from November 18, 1997 to April 24, 1999. He is
said to have misappropriated the government money while he was attached as
Private Secretary to the then State Minister. The Vigilance Department after
holding an enquiry against respondent No.1 sought his prosecution under
Sections 408, 409, 420, IPC, as well as under Sections 13 (1) (b) read with 13
(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. On October 9, 2001, the
respondent No.1 was placed under suspension.
The
disciplinary proceedings were also initiated against him and he was served with
the chargesheet on October 19, 2001. The principal charge against the
respondent No.1 was that while being attached as a Private Secretary to the
State Minister, Minor Irrigation, he took undue advantage of the ignorance and
disability of the Minister and acted in violation of his duties as a Private
Secretary by drawing a total of Rs. 37,00,304/- from the State Minister's
Saving Bank Account No. 8002, State Bank of India, Secretariat Branch, Lucknow,
and out of the amount so withdrawn, an amount of Rs.21,32,011/- was deposited
by the delinquent in his own Saving Bank Account No. 8861 in the same bank. It
was alleged in the charge that the State 2 Minster received an amount of
Rs.12,00,000/- on different dates;
payment
for petrol etc. to the tune of Rs.3,68,293/- was also made by the delinquent
and the remaining amount was misappropriated.
The
second charge against the respondent No.1 was that being a senior public
servant, he obtained undue advantage and by adopting criminal means and acting
in contravention of the duties of the Private Secretary, he breached the Code
of Conduct prescribed for Private Secretaries in Para 266 of the Sachivalaya
Niyam Sangrah, Uttar Pradesh Shashan.
4.
The delinquent denied the charges and put forth his version in his
reply. The Inquiry Officer after recording the evidence, submitted his report
on December 12, 2002. The Inquiry Officer recorded a finding that in his
capacity as Private Secretary to the then State Minister, the delinquent took
undue advantage, acted contrary to the duties and responsibilities of Private
Secretary and he perpetrated fraud and deceit upon the State Minister for
unlawful gains to himself. The Inquiry Officer found that the delinquent had
misappropriated a portion of the amount so withdrawn from the Saving Bank
account of the State Minister.
5.
A copy of the enquiry report was furnished to the delinquent and
after giving him a show cause notice, the Competent 3 Authority passed an order
on November 24, 2003, dismissing the respondent No.1 from service.
6.
The respondent No.1 challenged the order of dismissal before the
High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, Lucknow Bench, Lucknow.
7.
The Division Bench by its order dated May 23, 2008, set aside the
order of dismissal dated November 24, 2003. The impugned order passed by the
Division Bench depicts that it proceeded to consider the controversy by framing
two questions namely; (one) whether in view of the evidence on record, two
charges leveled against the delinquent stood proved and (two) whether in view
of the findings recorded by the Inquiry Officer which have been accepted by the
Disciplinary Authority/Appointing Authority, any punishment could have been
awarded to the delinquent, much less any major punishment of dismissal from
service. The formulation of first question and the discussion that has followed
in the impugned judgment suggests that the Division Bench attempted to
appreciate the evidence which was produced before the Inquiry Officer. This is
how the High Court proceeded to appreciate the evidence:
4
"The Minister himself admits that out of the aforesaid amount
Rs.37,00,304/- he had received Rs.12 lacs. He did not and could not give any
proof or evidence to the contrary even the enquiry officer did not accept the
admission of the Minister for establishing that he had received Rs.12 lacs,
though it being admitted to the Minister that he has received Rs.12 lacs. The
said amount thus, could not have been said to be either embezzled or misappropriated
by the petitioner."
The
Division Bench went on to scan the evidence produced before the Inquiry Officer
in the following manner:
"The
petitioner has though given an explanation for the aforesaid transactions, but
even without accepting that the Minister has authorized him orally to make the
payment from the account and, even assuming that on the denial of the Minister
of such oral instructions, the petitioner could not have made the deposit in
his own account and could not have made the payment in cash to petrol firms,
but the fact remains that the said amount was actually paid to the petrol
dealers and, therefore, it cannot be a case of embezzlement, so far the
government money is concerned.
The
minister himself admitted and it is also proved from the record that the
signatures on the cheques were that of the Minister and the money was withdrawn
from the bank on his instructions by the petitioner. It is a different matter
that the Minister qualified his statement by saying that the signatures were obtained
on the blank cheques without indicating the actual amount which was likely to
be withdrawn on the ground that the actual amount would be confirmed from the
register towards the price of petrol and then would be filled in, but the fact
remains that the signatures on the cheques were that of the Minister, which
signatures he put knowing that he was issuing the cheques for paying the price
of petrol. It therefore, cannot be said that the petitioner had withdrawn the
amount by obtaining the signatures of the Minister on the cheques
fraudulently."
8.
In State of Orissa vs. Muralidhar Jena,1 a Constitution Bench of
this Court held :
"14.
There are two other considerations to which reference must be made. In its
judgment the High Court has observed that the oral evidence admittedly did not
support the case against the respondent. The use of the word
"admittedly", in our opinion, amounts somewhat to an over statement;
and the discussion that follows this over statement in the judgment indicates
an attempt to appreciate the evidence which it would ordinarily not be open to
the High Court to do in writ proceedings. The same comment falls to be made in
regard to the discussion in the judgment of the High Court where it considered
the question about the interpretation of the word "Chatrapur Saheb."
The High Court has observed that "in the absence of a clear evidence on
the point the inference drawn by the Tribunal that Chatrapur Saheb meant the
respondent would not be justified". This observation clearly indicates
that the High Court was attempting to appreciate evidence. The judgment of the
Tribunal shows that it considered several facts and circumstances in dealing
with the question about the identity of the individual indicated by the
expression "Chatrapur Saheb ". Whether or not the evidence on which
the Tribunal relied was satisfactory and sufficient for justifying its
conclusion would not fall to be considered in a writ petition. That in effect
is the approach initially adopted by the High Court at the beginning of its
judgment. However, in the subsequent part of the judgment, the High Court
appears to have been persuaded to appreciate the evidence for itself, and that,
in our opinion, is not reasonable or legitimate."
9.
In the case of State of A.P. vs. Sree Rama Rao2 , a three Judge
Bench of this Court held:
"7.
....... The High Court is not constituted in a proceeding under Article 226 of
the Constitution a court of appeal over the decision of the authorities holding
a departmental enquiry against a public servant: it is concerned to determine
whether the enquiry is held by an authority 1 AIR 1963 SC 404 2 AIR 1963 SC
1723 6 competent in that behalf, and according to the procedure prescribed in
that behalf, and whether the rules of natural justice are not violated.
Where
there is some evidence, which the authority entrusted with the duty to hold the
enquiry has accepted and which evidence may reasonably support the conclusion
that the delinquent officer is guilty of the charge, it is not the function of
the High Court in a petition for a writ under Article 226 to review the
evidence and to arrive at an independent finding on the evidence. The High
Court may undoubtedly interfere where the departmental authorities have held
the proceedings against the delinquent in a manner inconsistent with the rules
of natural justice or in violation of the statutory rules prescribing the mode
of enquiry or where the authorities have disabled themselves from reaching a
fair decision by some considerations extraneous to the evidence and the merits
of the case or by allowing themselves to be influenced by irrelevant
considerations or where the conclusion on the very face of it is so wholly
arbitrary and capricious that no reasonable person could ever have arrived at
that conclusion, or on similar grounds. But the departmental authorities are,
if the enquiry is otherwise properly held, the sole judges of facts and if
there be some legal evidence on which their findings can be based, the adequacy
or reliability of that evidence is not a matter which can be permitted to be
canvassed before the High Court in a proceeding for a writ under Article 226 of
the Constitution."
10.
The aforesaid decisions were noticed by a Constitution Bench of
this Court in the case of State of Madras vs. G. Sundatram3, and it has been
held that it is not open to the High Court to re-appreciate the evidence before
the Tribunal and record the conclusion that the evidence does not establish
charges against the delinquent. In the words of the Constitution Bench:
"9.
It is therefore clear that the High Court was not competent to consider the
question whether the evidence before the Tribunal and the Government was
insufficient or unreliable to establish the charge against the respondent. It
could have considered only the fact whether there was any evidence at all
which, if believed by the Tribunal, would establish the charge against the
respondent.
Adequacy
of that evidence to sustain the charge is not a question 3 AIR 1965 SC 1103 7
before the High Court when exercising its jurisdiction under Article 226 of the
Constitution. This view was reiterated in Union of India v. H.C. Goel, AIR 1964
SC 364
11.
It is therefore clear that the High Court was in error in
reappreciating the evidence before the Tribunal and recording the conclusion
that that evidence did not establish the charges against the
respondent.............."
12.
The scope of judicial review in dealing with departmental
enquiries came up for consideration before this Court in the case of State of
Andhra Pradesh And Ors. vs. Chitra Ventaka Rao4 and this Court held:
"21.
......... The High Court is not a court of appeal under Article 226 over the
decision of the authorities holding a departmental enquiry against a public
servant. The Court is concerned to determine whether the enquiry is held by an
authority competent in that behalf and according to the procedure prescribed in
that behalf, and whether the rules of natural justice are not violated.
Second,
where there is some evidence which the authority entrusted with the duty to
hold the enquiry has accepted and which evidence may reasonably support the
conclusion that the delinquent officer is guilty of the charge, it is not the
function of the High Court to review the evidence and to arrive at an
independent finding on the evidence. The High Court may interfere where the
departmental authorities have held the proceedings against the delinquent in a
manner inconsistent with the rules of natural justice or in violation of the
statutory rules prescribing the mode of enquiry or where the authorities have
disabled themselves from reaching a fair decision by some considerations
extraneous to the evidence and the merits of the case or by allowing themselves
to be influenced by irrelevant considerations or where the conclusion on the
very face of it is so wholly arbitrary and capricious that no reasonable person
could ever have arrived at that conclusion. The departmental authorities are,
if the enquiry is otherwise properly held, the sole judges of facts and if
there is some legal evidence on which their findings can be based, the adequacy
or reliability of that 4 (1975) 2 SCC 557 8 evidence is not a matter which can
be permitted to be canvassed before the High Court in a proceeding for a writ
under Article 226 22...................................................
23. The
jurisdiction to issue a writ of certiorari under Article 226 is a supervisory
jurisdiction. The Court exercises it not as an appellate court. The findings of
fact reached by an inferior court or tribunal as a result of the appreciation
of evidence are not reopened or questioned in writ proceedings. An error of law
which is apparent on the face of the record can be corrected by a writ, but not
an error of fact, however grave it may appear to be. In regard to a finding of
fact recorded by a tribunal, a writ can be issued if it is shown that in
recording the said finding, the tribunal had erroneously refused to admit
admissible and material evidence, or had erroneously admitted inadmissible
evidence which has influenced the impugned finding. Again if a finding of fact
is based on no evidence, that would be regarded as an error of law which can be
corrected by a writ of certiorari. A finding of fact recorded by the Tribunal
cannot be challenged on the ground that the relevant and material evidence
adduced before the Tribunal is insufficient or inadequate to sustain a finding.
The adequacy or sufficiency of evidence led on a point and the inference of
fact to be drawn from the said finding are within the exclusive jurisdiction of
the Tribunal. See Syed Yakoob v. K.S. Radhakrishna, AIR 1964 SC 477.
24. The
High Court in the present case assessed the entire evidence and came to its own
conclusion. The High Court was not justified to do so. Apart from the aspect
that the High Court does not correct a finding of fact on the ground that the
evidence is not sufficient or adequate, the evidence in the present case which
was considered by the Tribunal cannot be scanned by the High Court to justify
the conclusion that there is no evidence which would justify the finding of the
Tribunal that the respondent did not make the journey. The Tribunal gave
reasons for its conclusions. It is not possible for the High Court to say that
no reasonable person could have arrived at these conclusions. The High Court
reviewed the evidence, reassessed the evidence and then rejected the evidence
as no evidence. That is precisely what the High Court in exercising
jurisdiction to issue a writ of certiorari should not do."
12. The
legal position is well settled that the power of judicial review is not
directed against the decision but is confined to the decision making process.
The Court does not sit in judgment on 9 merits of the decision. It is not open
to the High Court to re- appreciate and reappraise the evidence led before the
Inquiry Officer and examine the findings recorded by the Inquiry Officer as a
court of appeal and reach its own conclusions. In the instant case, the High
Court fell into grave error in scanning the evidence as if it was a court of
appeal. The approach of the High Court in consideration of the matter suffers
from manifest error and, in our thoughtful consideration, the matter requires
fresh consideration by the High Court in accordance with law. On this short
ground, we send the matter back to the High Court.
13.
Resultantly, the appeal is allowed and the order dated May 23,
2008, passed by the High Court is set aside. Writ Petition is restored to the
file of the High Court for fresh hearing and disposal. Needless to say that the
respective arguments of the parties are kept open to be agitated before the
High Court which obviously will be considered on their own merit. We request
the High Court to dispose of the matter as expeditiously as may be possible and
preferably within four months. No order as to costs.
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