Glaxo Smith Kline Plc
& Ors. Vs. Controller of Patents & Designs & Ors. [2008] INSC 1533
(10 September 2008)
Judgment
IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5588 OF 2008 (Arising
out of SLP (C) No.21010 of 2006) Glaxo Smith Kline PLC and Ors. ...Appellants
Versus Controller of Patents & Designs and Ors. ...Respondents
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT,
J.
1.
Leave
granted.
2.
Order
passed in four appeals filed by the respondents questioning correctness of
order dated 10th February, 2006 passed by a learned Single Judge of Calcutta
High Court form the subject matter of challenge in this appeal. A learned Single
Judge had set aside the order dated 28.12.2004 passed by the Controller of
Patents and Designs (in short the `Controller') and remanded the matter to him
for arriving at a fresh decision on the application of the writ petitioners for
exclusive marketing right according to law that existed on 3rd May, 2002. The
Controller was also asked to consider the report of the examiner dated
28.7.2000.
3.
Background
facts giving rise to the filing of the writ petition were as follows:
The writ petitioners
filed an application for grant of patent under Section 5(2) of the Patents Act,
1970 (in short the `Act') on 28th August, 1998. Subsequently, on 30th June,
2000 the writ petitioners further filed an application for grant of
"Exclusive Marketing Right" (in short the `EMR'). On July 28, 2000
the examiner filed examination report as regards the claim of the writ
petitioners for grant of EMR.
2 The Controller of
Patent, however, by order dated 3rd May, 2002 refused the prayer of the writ
petitioners for EMR.
Being dissatisfied,
two different writ applications were filed before the High Court being
W.P.No.20469(W) of 2004 and W.P.No.20407(W) of 2004 and a learned Single Judge
of the High Court set aside the order dated 3rd May, 2002 and directed the
Joint Controller of Patent to consider and give order on the application for
grant of EMR afresh keeping all points open.
Pursuant to the order
of the learned Single Jude, dated 16th December, 2004, the Controller of Patent
again rejected the application filed by the writ petitioners on December 28,
2004.
On January 1, 2005
the Patent (Amendment Act), 2005 came into operation by which various amendments
to the Act were made and the Chapter IV-A which provided the mode of
adjudication of the claim of EMR was totally deleted.
3 On June 9, 2005
the writ petitioners filed another writ application thereby challenging the
order dated 28th December, 2004 passed by the Controller of Patent by which the
prayer for the EMR of the writ petitioners was rejected for the second time.
Challenging the
correctness of order passed by the learned Single Judge, the Controller of
Patent and the Union of India filed two appeals, while two others were
preferred by a third party to the proceedings who wanted to be added as
party-respondent in the writ application. The appellants raised a preliminary
objection as regards maintainability of the writ petition after coming into
operation of amendments into the Act w.e.f. 1st January, 2005. According to the
appellants before the High Court, with effect from 1st January, 2005 there was
no scope for further considering the question of EMR as Chapter IVA of the Act
has been deleted and in Section 78 of the Amending Act, it has been
specifically made clear that all pending applications for grant of EMR filed
under Chapter IV- A of the Principal Act which were pending on 1st January,
2005 should be treated to be a claim for patents covered under sub-section (2)
of Section 5 of the Principal Act and such application should be deemed to be
treated as a request for examination of grant of patents under sub-section (3)
of Section 11(B) of the Act. The stand essentially was that there was no scope
for considering any pending cases for grant of EMR after 1st January, 2005 and
in any case the applications relating to grant of EMR disposed of earlier
cannot be revived for consideration.
Stand of the present
appellants was that on the first day of January, 2005 there was no pending
application filed by the writ petitioner for grant of EMR and the transitional
provision in Section 78 of the Act has no application to the facts of the case.
It was pointed out that since the prayer for EMR was disposed of at a point of
time when the amendment had not come into operation, therefore, there was a
vested right to challenge the order before an appropriate forum in accordance
with law.
The High Court was of
the view that the preliminary objection regarding maintainability of the writ
petition was to be accepted and therefore appeals were allowed. So far as the
third parties are concerned, the merits were not gone into.
4.
Learned
counsel for the appellants in support of the appeal submitted that a crystalised
right had accrued because of Section 24A and 24B and the original orders dated
3.5.2002 and 16.12.2004 were under challenge. The order dated 28.12.2004 was
passed on remand and the learned Single Judge by order dated 10.2.2006 set
aside the order. The impugned order speaks of repeal. Reference is made to
Section 24B(1) about the right having accrued.
5.
Learned
counsel for the respondents on the other hand submitted that the intention of
the statute appears to be to the contrary. Therefore, the transitional
provision clearly applies even if it is treated to be pending under Section 11B
(3).
6.
To
the present case, Section 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 (in short the
`General Clauses Act') applies. It reads as follows:
"6. Effect of
repeal:- Where this Act, or any Central Act or Regulation made after the
commencement of this Act, repeals any enactment hitherto made or hereafter to
be made, then unless a different intention appears, the repeal shall not- (a)
revive anything not in fore or existing at the time at which the repeal takes
effect; or (b) affect the previous operation of any enactment so repealed or
anything duly done or suffered thereunder; or (c) affect any right, privilege,
obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred under any enactment so
repealed; or (d) affect any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in
respect of any offence committed against any enactment so repealed; or (e)
affect any investigation, legal proceedings or remedy in respect of any such
right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment as
aforesaid;
and any such
investigation, legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, continued or
enforced, and any such penalty, forfeiture or punishment may be imposed as if
the repealing Act of Regulation had not been passed."
Section 24B(1) of the
Act reads as follows:
"24(B). Grant of
exclusive of rights - (1) Where a claim for patent covered under sub-section 2
of section 5 has been made and the applicant has - (a) where an invention has
been made whether in India or a country other than India and before filing
search a claim, filed an application for the same invention claiming identical
article or substance in a convention country on or after the Ist day of
January, 1995 and the patent and the approval to sell or distribute the article
or substance on the basis of appropriate tests conducted on or after the Ist
day of January, 1995 in that country has been granted or after the date of
making claim for patent covered under sub-section 2 of section 5; or (b) where
an invention has been made in India and before filing search a claim, made a
claim for patent on or after the Ist day of January, 1995 for method or a
process of manufacture for that invention relating to identical article or
substance and has been granted in India the patent therefor on or after the
making the claim for patent covered under sub-section 2 of section 5, and has
been received the approval to sell or distribute the article or substance from
the authority specify in this behalf by the Central Government, then, we shall
have the exclusive right by himself, his agents or licencee to sell or
distribute in India the article or 8 the substance on or from the date of
approval granted by the Controller in this behalf till a period of five years
or till the date of grant of patent or the date of rejection of application for
the grant of patent, whichever is earlier."
7.
As
was observed by this Court in M/s Hoosain Kasam Dada (India) Ltd. v. The State
of Madhya Pradesh and Ors.
(AIR 1953 SC 221)
when pre existing right of appeal continues to exist, by necessary implication
the old law which created the right of appeal also exists to support the
continuation of that right and hence the old right must govern the exercise and
enforcement of that right. In the absence of contrary intention in repealing
the enactment, rights under the old statute are not destroyed. In M/s Gurcharan
Singh Baldev Singh v. Yashwant Singh and Ors. (1992 (1) SCC 428), it was
observed that right to proper consideration of an application by statutory
authority remains alive even after repeal of the enactment under which the
consideration had been sought.
8.
In
Chief Adjudication Officer v. Maguire (Simon Brown LJ) (1999 (2) All ER 859) it
was observed as follows:
"Inchoate
rights, obligations and liabilities are covered by (c). This was established by
Free Lanka Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Ranasinghe (1964 (1) All ER 457). In that case
the Privy Council had no difficulty in construing the Ceylon Interpretation Ordinance
1900 as including an inchoate or contingent right and the same approach should
be adopted to the interpretation of "right", "obligation"
or "liability" in section 16 of the 1978 Act. The section clearly
contemplates that there will be situations where an investigation, legal
proceeding or remedy may have to be instituted before the right or liability
can be enforced and this supports this approach."
9.
The
learned Single Judge's view that the provisions of Section 78 of the Amendment
Act have no application to the proceedings which stood concluded before the
appointed day appears to be the correct view governing the issue. Since the
Chapter IV-A in question was merely repealed, the situation has to be dealt
with in line with Section 6 of the General Clauses Act. The provisions of
Section 78 are conditional provisions and are not intended to cover cases where
the application for EMR had been rejected with reference to Section 21 of the
Amending enactment. As noted above, Chapter IV A was repealed. The effect of
the repeal has to be ascertained in the background of Section 6 of the General
Clauses Act. That being so, the order of the Division Bench cannot be sustained
and that of the learned Single Judge has to operate. The appeal is allowed but
in the circumstances without any order as to costs.
........................................J.
(Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT)
.........................................J.
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