Municipal Corpn,
Ludhiana Vs. Inderjit Singh & ANR. [2008] INSC 1680 (1 October 2008)
Judgment
IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5948 OF 2008 (Arising
out of SLP (C) No.4599 of 2007) Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana ... Appellant
Versus Inderjit Singh & Anr. ... Respondents
S.B. Sinha, J.
1.
Leave
granted.
2.
This
appeal is directed against a judgment and order dated 12.12.2006 passed by the
High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Civil Writ Petition No.19605
of 2006 whereby and whereunder the writ petition filed by the appellant herein
questioning the validity and/or legality of an order dated 5.9.2006 passed by
the Additional District Judge and Fast Track Court, Ludhiana allowing an appeal
preferred by the respondent herein; was dismissed.
3.
The
basic fact of the matter is not in dispute. One Hira Devi was the owner of a
property bearing No.B-XXI- 12652 situated at Link Road near Pratap Chowk,
Ludhiana. First Respondent is her grandson. She constructed a marriage hall.
Inter alia, on the premise that a part of the said construction was
unauthorized, a notice dated 10.1.2001 was issued asking her to show cause as
to why the purported illegal construction of shed measuring 60' x 40' should
not be demolished. She was asked to file a reply to the said notice of show
cause within three days. Allegedly, Hira Devi refused to accept the said
notice. Another notice was issued on 1.2.2001 which was also not served.
Appellant, however, contended that the respondent was fully aware of the
contents thereof as an application for compounding that portion of the construction
which was within the compoundable limit was filed. On an oral request made by
the first respondent, a compounding fee of Rs.1,95,374/- was fixed. Allegedly,
a memorandum was issued asking him to pay the said amount but he failed and/or
neglected to do so.
4.
A
suit was filed by the respondent No.1 for permanent injunction restraining the
appellant from demolishing the said property. In the plaint of the said suit,
it was, inter alia, averred that there was no excess covered area in terms of
the sanctioned plan and if there be any, the plaintiff was ready to pay the
compounding fee. The contention of the plaintiff in this 3 behalf was that
only an area of 14 sq. ft. was in excess of the legally sanctioned plan. The
Civil Judge (Senior Division), Ludhiana, on an application filed by the first
respondent passed an interim order on 26.3.2001, directing :
"This court doth
orders and restrained you till 29.3.2001 from demolition of the property of the
plaintiff as far as it is in consonance with the sanctioned construction do not
demolish."
5.
It
is now not in dispute that the original owner of the said property Hira Devi
died in the year 1999.
On or about
14.12.2001, a notice purported to be under Section 269 and 270 of the Punjab
Civil Municipal Corporation Act was issued in the name of the first respondent,
the operative portion whereof reads as under:
"I, K.S. Bhalla,
Assistant Town Planner, Municipal Corporation, Ludhiana who has been authorized
by the Commissioner, Municipal Corporation Ludhiana vide his order 664/DRG/C
dated 2.1.2000 to exercise the powers under Section 269 and 270 of the Punjab
Municipal Corporation Act, 1976, issue you this notice under Section 269, 270
of the Punjab Act, 1976 to demolish the unauthorized construction within three
days from the receipt of this notice. If you failed to demolish the
unauthorized construction within the stipulated period, then the Municipal
Corporation, Ludhiana will demolish the same at its own 4 level and the
expenses will be recovered from you."
The subject matter of
the said notice was stated to be :
"Show Cause
Notice under Section 269(1) and 270(i) of the Municipal Corporation Act,
1976."
6.
In
the said notice, averments were made with regard to issuance of the earlier
notices as also the assessment of compounding fee on a purported oral request
made by him. On the premise that no cause was shown, a demolition order was
issued on 21.12.2001.
7.
An
appeal preferred against the said order dated 14.12.2001 in the Court of
District Judge, Ludhiana was allowed holding that although the first two
notices dated 10.01.2001 and 01.02.2001 had not been served but in the
meanwhile the alleged unauthorized construction was demolished. It was
directed:
"In the present
case, the appellant had challenged the order passed by Municipal Corporation to
demolish the construction. Ld.
Addl. District Judge,
Ludhiana was seized of the matter and passed an order dated 22.12.2001
restraining the respondent from demolishing the construction. Even in spite of
injunction order, the respondents demolished the same. Parties are therefore to
be relegated to the position as if no demolition was done. I, therefore, allow
the present appeal with costs holding that the order 5 of respondents
threatening to demolish the construction is illegal and void and same is
accordingly set aside except so far that the construction was not in accordance
with the sanctioned plan. The respondents are directed to restore the
construction at its own costs and expenses as it stood at the time when the
order dated 22.12.2001 was passed by Ld. Addl. District Judge, Ludhiana as if
demolition has not taken place. The restoration work shall be done by the
respondents within three months from today, needless to mention that the
respondents may recover the costs of construction from its employees
responsible for the illegal demolition of construction. Counsel fee is assessed
as Rs.5000/-. File be consigned to the record room."
8.
A
writ petition filed by the appellant questioning the legality of the said order
dated 5.9.2006 has been dismissed by a Division Bench of the High Court by
reason of the impugned judgment.
The High Court, in
its judgment, inter alia, held :
(i) That notices were
issued against a dead person;
(ii) The correct
description of the property was not disclosed and it was otherwise vague; and
(iii) No opportunity of hearing having been given to the first respondent, the
order of demolition was wholly illegal. The High Court, furthermore opined that
the appellant and its officers acted illegally and without jurisdiction in
demolishing the structures 6 although a civil suit had been filed and an order
of injunction had been passed therein.
9.
Mr.
Patwalia, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant, raised the
following contentions in support of this appeal :
1. Notices were issued
in the name of Hira Devi as it was not known that she had expired.
2. The said notices were
served on Hira Devi and/or respondent No.1 as copy thereof was pasted on the
building in question.
3. The order of
demolition dated 21.12.2001 having been appealed against, the learned District
Judge had no jurisdiction to entertain the appeal as merely a notice to show
cause was issued by the appellant in terms of the notice dated 14.12.2001.
4. Even assuming that
the principles of natural justice had been violated, the District Judge and
consequently the High Court could not have exercised their jurisdiction without
arriving at a finding that by reason of such non-service of notice, the first
respondent was prejudiced.
5. In any event, the
Courts below should have determined the extent of illegal construction.
10.
Mr.
Moha Wasay Khan, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent, on the
other hand, urged :
(1) Even the notice
dated 14.12.2001 did not contain any description of the property.
(2) The constructions
were raised in terms of a sanctioned plan as would appear from Annexure R-1 to
the counter affidavit and only an area of 14 sq. ft. was the subject matter of
unauthorized construction which could have been regularized on receipt of a
compounding fee.
11.
Indisputably
the appellant in terms of the provisions of the Punjab Municipal Corporation
Act was statutorily entitled to grant of sanction for construction of
structures in terms of the bye laws framed by it. It is also not in doubt or
dispute that subject to statutory interdict, the appellant-Corporation had the
jurisdiction to regulairse unauthorized structure on receipt of a compounding
fee. It is a matter of some concern that according to the appellant a
compounding fee of Rs.1,95,374/- was determined only on the basis of a
purported oral request made by the first respondent, which prima facie cannot
be accepted. How a statutory authority can pass a statutory order on an oral
prayer made by an owner of the property is beyond anybody's comprehension. On
what basis the compounding fee was determined is also not known.
12.
The
power of demolition is conferred on the Corporation in terms of Sections 269 of
the Act, the relevant portions whereof read as under :
"269. Order of
demolition and storage of buildings and works in certain cases and appeal.--(1)
Where the erection of any building or execution of any work has been commenced,
or is being carried on or has been completed without or contrary to the sanction
referred to in section 262 or in contravention of any condition subject to
which such sanction has been accorded or in contravention of any of the
provisions of this act or bye laws made under, the commissioner may , in
addition to any other action that may be taken under this Act, make an order
directing that such erection or work shall be demolished by the person at whose
instance the erection or work has been commenced or is being carried on or has
been completed within such period (not being less than three days from the date
on which a copy of the order of demolition with a brief statement of the
reasons therefor has been delivered to that person as may be specified in the
order of demolition :
Provided that no
order of demolition shall be made unless the person has been given by means of
a notice served in such manner as the Commissioner may think fit, a reasonable
opportunity of showing cause why such order should not be made:
(2) Any person
aggrieved by an order of the Commissioner made under sub-section (1) may prefer
an appeal against the order to the Court of the District Judge of the City
within the period specified in the order for the demolition of the erection or
work to which it relates.
(3) ...
(4) Save as provided
in this section no court shall entertain any suit, application or other
proceeding for injunction or other relief against the Commissioner to restrain
him from taking any action or making any order in pursuance of the provisions
of this section.
(5) Every order made
by the Court of the District Judge on appeal and subject only to such order,
the order of demolition made by the Commissioner shall be final and
conclusive."
Section 270 of the
Act authorizes the appellant to stop construction work where the erection of
any building has been commenced or is being carried out (but not completed)
without or contrary to the sanctioned plan.
13.
A
finding of fact has been arrived at that the notices dated 10.01.2001 and
01.02.2001 were not served on the respondent. The said notices were also found
to be absolutely vague. They did not contain the description of the property in
question. Indisputably, they were issued in the name of a dead person. It is of
some significance to notice that whereas in the first two notices objections was
called for and/or directions to stop construction was issued, by reason of the
third notice, a direction was issued upon the first respondent to demolish the
structures.
No opportunity of
hearing was granted. No notice to show cause was issued. It is on that basis
that a purported demolition order was passed which, indisputably, has been
carried out.
14.
It
is, therefore, not correct to contend that the notice dated 14.12.2001 was not
final and by reason thereof merely the first respondent was asked to file his
show cause. Where a noticee, fails to carry out such direction, demolition can
be carried out by the Corporation at the cost of the owner. In effect and
substance, therefore, an order of demolition was passed in terms of the
aforementioned notice dated 14.12.2001. It was a final order.
15.
An
appeal thereagainst was, thus, maintainable. Appellant furthermore acted
arbitrarily insofar as it demolished the structures, despite pendency of the
suit. We would assume that the order of injunction was granted for a limited
period, but it is expected of a Statutory Corporation to act thereupon upon
informing the court thereabout. Furthermore, the notice was vague. It did not
contain any description of the property. How much area of the property was the
subject matter of unauthorized constructions had not been disclosed. It is not
in dispute that a plan for construction of the building was sanctioned.
It was, therefore,
obligatory on the part of the authorities of the appellant to categorically
state as to how much area, if any, was the subject matter of unauthorized
construction.
16.
Strong
reliance has been placed by Mr. Patwalia on Aligarh Muslim University &
Ors. v. Mansoor Ali Khan [(2000) 7 SCC 529] to 11 contend that in certain
situations an order passed in violation/non- compliance of the principles of
natural justice need not be set aside by the High Court in exercise of its
power under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. We are, however, not
concerned herein with such a situation.
Respondent No.1
preferred an appeal against the order of the Commissioner directing demolition
of the construction. The Appellate Court was entitled to consider as to whether
the mandatory legal provisions had been complied with or not. The proviso
appended to Section 269 of the Act in no uncertain terms provides for an
opportunity of hearing before an order of demolition is passed. It is
imperative in character but the said provision had not been complied with. The
action on the part of the appellant, therefore, was highly arbitrary. In
Aligarh Muslim University (supra) itself, the Court noticed the decision of the
Court in S.L. Kapoor v. Jagmohan & Ors. [(1980) 4 SCC 379] wherein it was
held that non-compliance of the principles of natural justice by itself causes
prejudice. No doubt, the development of law in the field would have also to be
kept in mind. The said decision, however, was rendered in the facts of the said
case as it was a case of overstay of leave by an employee. It was found that no
prejudice had been caused to the petitioner therein.
Mr. Patwalia places
strong reliance upon paragraph 21 of the said decision which reads as under :
"21. As pointed
recently in M.C. Mehta v. Union of India there can be certain situations in
which an order passed in violation of natural justice need not be set aside
under Article 226 of the Constitution of India. For example where no prejudice
is caused to the person concerned, interference under Article 226 is not
necessary.
Similarly, if the
quashing of the order which is in breach of natural justice is likely to result
in revival of another order which is in itself illegal as in Gadde Venkateswara
Rao v. Govt. of A.P. it is not necessary to quash the order merely because of
violation of principles of natural justice."
It is, therefore, not
a case where one statutory order has been set aside by a higher authority. The
said principle, therefore, had no application to the fact of the instant case.
17.
Had
a proper show cause notice been served upon the first respondent, he could have
shown that the alleged violation of the provisions of the Act is of negligible
character which did not warrant an order of demolition. Respondent No.1's
contention that only an area of 14 sq. ft. was the subject matter of
unauthorized construction should have been considered by the appellant and an
appropriate order thereupon should have been passed. It was in a situation of this
nature, the appellant 13 was statutorily obligated to apply its mind in regard
to the nature and extent of unauthorized construction, if any.
18.
We
would, however, proceed on the basis that the plan was sanctioned. It would,
therefore, be proper to direct that the appellant should be directed to restore
such constructions for which order of sanction had been obtained. To the said
extent the impugned order is modified.
19.
For
the reasons aforementioned, the appeal is dismissed subject to the
aforementioned modifications. In the facts and circumstances of this case, the
appellant will pay and bear the costs of the respondent No.1.
Counsel's fee
assessed at Rs.2,00,000/- (Rupees two lacs only.)
.............................J.
[S.B. Sinha]
.............................J.
[Aftab Alam]
New
Delhi;
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