Kotikalapudi Subba Rao
Vs. State of A.P. & ANR [2008] INSC 814 (6 May 2008)
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT & LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA
REPORTABLE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 819 OF 2008 (Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No.4794 of 2006)
Kotikalapudi Subba Rao ..Appellant Versus State of A.P. & Anr.
..Respondents
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of the Division Bench of the
Andhra Pradesh High Court disposing of two criminal appeals i.e. Criminal
Appeal Nos.1114 and 1118 of 2004. By the impugned judgment Criminal Appeal
No.1114 of 2004 filed by Ganpathi Satya Prakash (A3) was allowed.
But Criminal Appeal No.1118 of 2004 filed by Kotikalapudi Suresh (A2) was
allowed while the appeal filed by the present A1 was dismissed. It is to be
noted that the present appellant and Kotikalapudi Suresh (A2) were found guilty
under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (in short `IPC') while
Ganpathi Satya Prakash (A3) was found guilty for offence punishable under
Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC. The present appellant was also found
guilty for offence punishable under Section 307 IPC. Appellant was sentenced to
undergo RI for life and to pay a fine of Rs.500/- for the first offence and RI
for five years and fine of Rs.2000/- with default stipulation for the second
offence.
3. Background facts in a nutshell are as follows:
2 Kancherlapalli Ravi Kiran (hereinafter referred to as the `deceased' ) was
doing finance business. A1 borrowed an amount of Rs.30,000/- from the deceased
and executed a promissory note scribed by Pasupuleti Chennakesavulu (P.
W.8) . On 5.5.2001 the deceased asked A1 to repay the said amount due to
him. On denial of Al to repay the same, the deceased allegedly slapped Al and
thereupon, Al threatened the deceased that he would see his end. On the next
day i.e.
on 6.5.2001 at about 6.30 P.M. the deceased alongwith P.W. 1 came to old Bus
Stand in Papatla on Suzuki Motorcycle. Then A 1 stopped the motorcycle and
called deceased and P.W.1.
The deceased got down from the motorcycle and went to A1 and thereupon
quarrel ensued. P.W.1 rushed towards A1 and noticed Al and A2 armed with knives
and another person was also with them. P.W. 1 identified the other person as
A3.
According to P.W. 1, Al and A2 attempted to attack the deceased with knives
and therefore he went in rescue of him and thereupon A1 poked him with a knife
on the right side of 3 abdomen, and A3 kicked him on his stomach and so he fell
down. Later, A1 poked the deceased with knife on the left side of chest and
ribs and A2 poked the deceased on the top of right side hip. In the meanwhile,
P.W.2-Kokkirala Naga Satish reached the scene and raised cries. His cries drew
the attention of the passers by and thereby the scene stormed with strong
gathering. The accused took to his heels towards Bheemavaripalem Road, P.W.2
informed the incident to his father over phone. P.W.7-Kancherlapalli Kishore
Kumar, a relative of P.W.2, reached the scene and shifted the deceased and
P.W.1 to Government Hospital, Bapatla for treatment. The Doctor examined the
deceased and declared him dead.
P.W.16-Dr.Y.Vaijayanthi, CAS, Government Hospital, Bapatla examined P.W.1
medically and found a clean cut stab injury of size 3 1/4 cm s long, 1 cm wide
and 7 depth, 2.5 cms below and 8 cms right of umbilicus on abdomen. After
giving first aid to P.W. 1, the doctor referred him to Government Hospital,
Guntur, for further treatment. She issued Ex.P.12 certificate opining that the
injuries received by P.W. 1 are grievous in 4 nature. Ex. P.19 is the wound
certified issued by her. A requisition was sent to JFCM, Bapatla to record the
dying declaration of P.W. 1. P.W. 12 - M.Babu Rao, JFCM, Bapatla received the
requisition from the Government Hospital on 6.5.2001 at about 8.50 P.M. to
record the dying declaration of P.W.1. He proceeded to Government Hospital,
Bapatla, and commenced recording of the dying declaration of P. W .1 at 9 P.M.
and concluded the same at 9.20 P.M. Ex.P.13 is the dying declaration recorded
by him. P.W.14 M.Dayanandam, ASI of Bapatla Town Police Station received death
intimation as well as intimation of the admission of P.W.1 in the hospital.
Ex. P.15 and P-16 are the intimations received by him. He rushed to
Government Hospital, Bapatla, recorded the statement of P.W.1 and registered a
case in Cr. No.50/2001 under Sections 307 and 302 r/w 34 IPC and issued Ex.P-17
FIR. P.W.15 received the copy of FIR and took up investigation. He examined
P.W.1 and recorded his statement under Section 161 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973 (in short `Cr.P.C'). He observed the scene on 3.5.2001 at about
3 5 A.M. and prepared Ex.P.6 scene of offence panchanama. He examined PWs.2, 6
and 7 and one Kancharlapalli Naresh at the Government Hospital, Papatla and
recorded their statements. He conducted inquest on the dead body of the
deceased on 7.5.2001 at 8 A.M. The opinion arrived by the panchas, on hearing
the statements of the witnesses examined during the inquest, came to be
incorporated at Col.
No. 15 of the Inquest Report. Ex.P.7 is the inquest report. P.W.
17 G. Penchalanaidu, Inspector of Police, Bapatla, took up investigation and
effected arrest of Al and A2 and recovered Mos. l and 2 in pursuance of their
disclosure statements.
Ex.P.8 and P.9 are the admissible portions in their confessional statements.
He effected the arrest of A3 on 19.5.2001 at 10.30 A.M. at the footbridge of
Railway Station, Bapatla and sent him for remand. On requisition, P.W. 13
conducted test identification parade on 16.6.2001. In the test identification
parade P.Ws. 1 to 3 identified A1 to A3 as the assailants of the deceased.
After completing investigation, a charge sheet came to be submitted before the
II Additional 6 Munsif Magistrate, Bapatla. The learned Magistrate committed
the case to the Sessions Division, Guntur as the offence u/s.302 and. 307 IPC
are exclusively triable by the Court of Sessions. The learned Sessions Judge
made over the same to II Additional Sessions Judge, Guntur for trial in accordance
with law. The learned II Additional Sessions Judge, Guntur, on hearing the
prosecution and the accused, framed the following charges:
1) Charge No.1: Against A1 for the offence u/s.307 IPC;
2) Charge No.2: Against A1 and A2 for the offence u / s.302 IPC;
3) Charge No.3: Against A3 for the offence u/s.302 r/w 34 IPC. He read over
and explained the charges to the accused, for which the accused pleaded not
guilty and claimed to be tried. To bring home the guilt of the accused for the
offences with which they stood charged, the prosecution examined P.Ws.l to 17,
marked Exs. P.1 to P.20 and exhibited Mos. 1 to 8. The learned Additional
Sessions Judge, on appreciation of the evidence brought on record and on
hearing the prosecution and the 7 accused, found the accused guilty for the
offences with which they stood charged and convicted them accordingly and
sentenced them.
4. 17 witnesses were examined to further the prosecution version. The
accused persons pleaded innocence and false implication. PW1 was the injured
complainant. PW2 was also an eye witness who removed the deceased to the
hospital along with others. It was also stated that PW3 is an eye witness. PWs.
3, 4 and 5 were eye witnesses to the occurrence. The Trial Court placed
reliance on the evidence of PWs. 1, 2 and 3 because PWs. 4 and 5 resiled from
their statement during investigation. The Trial Court found the evidence of
injured eye witness and two other witnesses to be credible and cogent and,
therefore, recorded conviction and sentence as aforementioned.
5. Two criminal appeals were filed before the High Court by the accused
persons.
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6. The basic stand was that the evidence of the witnesses do not inspire
confidence, more particularly, when PWs 4 and 5 do not support the prosecution.
The High Court found that the case was established against the accused persons
on the basis of evidence so far as the present appellant A1 is concerned, but
found the evidence so far as the other accused persons are concerned.
Accordingly, as noted above, the appeal filed by the appellant was dismissed.
7. In support of the appeal learned counsel for the appellant submitted that
the Trial Court and the High Court should not have relied upon the evidence of
PWs 1, 2 and 3.
It is also submitted that even if the prosecution version is accepted in its
entirety, a case under Section 302 IPC is not made out because the occurrence
took place in course of a sudden quarrel and Exception 4 to Section 300 is
applicable.
The learned counsel for the State supported the judgment of the Trial Court
and the High Court.
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8. So far as the evidence of PWs. 1, 2 and 3 are concerned, learned counsel
for the appellant was not able to point out any discrepancy or deficiency in
their evidence to warrant rejection of their evidence. The Trial Court and the
High Court have rightly relied upon their testimony.
9. The residual question is whether Section 302 IPC has application.
10. For bringing in operation of Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC, it has to
be established that the act was committed without premeditation, in a sudden
fight in the heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel without the offender having
taken undue advantage and not having acted in a cruel or unusual manner.
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11. The Fourth Exception of Section 300, IPC covers acts done in a sudden
fight. The said exception deals with a case of prosecution not covered by the
first exception, after which its place would have been more appropriate. The
exception is founded upon the same principle, for in both there is absence of premeditation.
But, while in the case of Exception 1 there is total deprivation of
self-control, in case of Exception 4, there is only that heat of passion which
clouds men's sober reasons and urges them to deeds which they would not
otherwise do.
There is provocation in Exception 4 as in Exception 1; but the injury done
is not the direct consequence of that provocation.
In fact Exception 4 deals with cases in which notwithstanding that a blow
may have been struck, or some provocation given in the origin of the dispute or
in whatever way the quarrel may have originated, yet the subsequent conduct of
both parties puts them in respect of guilt upon equal footing. A `sudden fight'
implies mutual provocation and blows on each side. The homicide committed is then
clearly not traceable to unilateral provocation, nor in such cases could the
whole blame be 11 placed on one side. For if it were so, the Exception more
appropriately applicable would be Exception 1. There is no previous
deliberation or determination to fight. A fight suddenly takes place, for which
both parties are more or less to be blamed. It may be that one of them starts
it, but if the other had not aggravated it by his own conduct it would not have
taken the serious turn it did. There is then mutual provocation and
aggravation, and it is difficult to apportion the share of blame which attaches
to each fighter. The help of Exception 4 can be invoked if death is caused (a)
without premeditation, (b) in a sudden fight; (c) without the offender's having
taken undue advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner; and (d) the fight
must have been with the person killed. To bring a case within Exception 4, all
the ingredients mentioned in it must be found. It is to be noted that the
`fight' occurring in Exception 4 to Section 300, IPC is not defined in the IPC.
It takes two to make a fight. Heat of passion requires that there must be no
time for the passions to cool down and in this case, the parties have worked
themselves into a fury on 12 account of the verbal altercation in the
beginning. A fight is a combat between two and more persons whether with or
without weapons. It is not possible to enunciate any general rule as to what
shall be deemed to be a sudden quarrel. It is a question of fact and whether a quarrel
is sudden or not must necessarily depend upon the proved facts of each case.
For the application of Exception 4, it is not sufficient to show that there was
a sudden quarrel and there was no premeditation.
It must further be shown that the offender has not taken undue advantage or
acted in cruel or unusual manner. The expression `undue advantage' as used in
the provision means `unfair advantage'.
12. The aforesaid aspects have been highlighted in Sridhar Bhuyan v. State
of Orissa (JT 2004 (6) SC 299), Prakash Chand v. State of H.P. (JT 2004 (6) SC
302), Sachchey Lal Tiwari v. State of Uttar Pradesh (JT 2004 (8) SC 534),
Sandhya Jadhav v. State of Maharashtra [2006(4) SCC 653] and Lachman Singh v.
State of Haryana [2006 (10) SCC 524].
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13. When the factual position is considered in the background of the legal
principles set out above, the inevitable conclusion is that the appropriate
conviction would be in terms of Section 304 Part I IPC and not Section 302 IPC.
The conviction under Section 307 IPC does not suffer from any infirmity. The
same is upheld. Custodial sentence of 10 years in respect of the offence
punishable under Section 304 Part I IPC would suffice. Both the sentences shall
run concurrently.
14. The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent.
.........................................J.
(Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT) ..........................................J.
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