New
India Assurance
Co.Ltd. Vs. Roshanben Rahemansha Fakir & ANR. [2008] INSC 891 (12 May 2008)
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDCITION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 3496 OF 2008 (Arising out of SLP
(C) No.3142 of 2007) New Indian Assurance Co. Ltd. ... Appellant Versus
Roshanben Rahemansha Fakir & Anr. ... Respondents
S.B. Sinha, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. This appeal is directed against
a judgment and order dated 13.11.2006 passed by a Division Bench of the High
Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in First Appeal No.3441 of 2006 whereby and
whereunder an appeal preferred by the appellant herein from a judgment and
order dated 5.5.2006 passed by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (Main),
Rajkot in MPCP No.1211 of 2005 has been dismissed.
2
3. One Majothee Salim Amadbhai was
holder of a licence of a three wheeler. The licence was not meant to be used to
drive transport vehicle.
The vehicle was owned by one
Rashmikant Natvarlal Joshi, Respondent No.2. The Tribunal correctly noticed the
description of the class of vehicle, i.e., an Autorikshaw Delivery Van. It was
not being used for a private purpose. It was a commercial vehicle. Respondent
No.2, admittedly, entered into a contract of insurance in respect of the said
vehicle. Certificate of insurance shows that the vehicle was a goods carrying
public carrier within the meaning of Rule 51 of the Central Motor Vehicles
Rules, 1989.
4. One of the contentions raised
by the appellant was that the driver of the said vehicle being not holder of a
legal, valid and effective driving licence, it was not liable to reimburse the
claim of the claimants.
Learned Tribunal negatived the
said plea.
5. On an appeal preferred by the
appellant before the High Court under Section 173 of the Motor Vehicles
Act, 1988 the High Court held as under :
"Section 41 of the Act
provides for registration of motor vehicles and sub-section (4) thereof
provides as under :
3 `(4) In addition to the other
particulars required to be included in the certificate of registration, it
shall also specify the type of the motor vehicle, being a type as the Central
Government may, having regard to the design, construction and use of the motor
vehicle, by notification in the official Gazette, specify.' In exercise of the
aforesaid powers, the Central Government issued notification vide S.O.451 (E),
dated 19th June, 1992 published in the Gazette of India, Extra Pt.II, Section
3(ii) dated 19th June, 1992 specifying the types of motor vehicles. Relevant
portion of the said notification reads as under :
`In exercise of the power
conferred by sub-Section (4) of Section 41 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (59
of 1988) and in supersession of the Notification No.S.O.436(E), dated the 12th
June, 1989 except or respects things done or omitted to be done before such
supersession, the Central Government hereby specifies the types of Motor
Vehicles mentioned in column 2 of the Table below as the type and respect of
Motor vehicles specified in the corresponding entry in column 1 thereof for the
purposes of sub-section(4) :
TABLE Transport Vehicle
Non-Transport Vehicle (1) (2) (i)... (i)...
(ii) to (ix)... (ii) to (iv)...
(x) Three-wheeled (v)
Three-wheeled vehicles transport of vehicles for personal passenger/goods use.
4 We find that the same
classification is maintained in the subsequent notification dated 5th November
2004 published in the Gazette of India, Extra-ordinary, Part-II, Section 3(ii)
dated 5th November, 2004 in exercise of the same powers under sub-section (4)
of Section 41 of the Act. The relevant entries therein read as under :
Transport Vehicle Non-Transport
Vehicle (1) (2) (i) to (iv) (i) to (iii)...
(v) Three-wheeled (iv)
Three-wheeled vehicles for transport vehicles for personal of passenger/goods
use.
8. A bare perusal of the above
statutory orders would clearly show that an auto rickshaw being a three wheeled
vehicle will fall in the same category whether it is for transporting goods or
for transporting passengers. There is nothing on record to show that the
licence in question was for a three wheeled vehicle for personal use and that
it was not for an auto rickshaw for carrying passengers or for carrying
goods."
6. An appeal preferred by the
appellant was dismissed summarily.
Before the High Court, a decision
of this Court in National Insurance Company v. Kusum Rai [(2006) 4 SCC 250] was
cited. The High Court opined that the said decision has no application in the
instant case.
7. Dr. Meera Agarwal, learned
counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant, would submit that in view of the
fact that the registration 5 certificate as also the policy of insurance having
clearly mentioned that the vehicle in question was a transport vehicle and as
the driver thereof was not possessing a licence which was not valid for a
transport vehicle, the impugned judgment cannot be sustained.
8. Ms. Sarda Devi, learned counsel
appearing on behalf of the respondent, on the other hand would submit that the
driver of the vehicle was having an effective driving licence for auto rickshaw
and it did not matter as to whether it was adapted for carrying passengers or
goods.
9. Section 3 of the Motor Vehicles Act
reads as under :
"Section 3 - Necessity for
driving licence.-- (1) No person shall drive a motor vehicle in any public
place unless he holds an effective driving licence issued to him authorising
him to drive the vehicle; and no person shall so drive a transport vehicle
other than1[a motor cab or motor cycle] hired for his own use or rented under
any scheme made under subsection (2) of section 75] unless his driving licence
specifically entitles him so to do.
(2) The conditions subject to
which sub-section (1) shall not apply to a person receiving instructions in
driving a motor vehicle shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central
Government."
6 10. Section 10 of the Act
provides for classes of the driving licence.
Different classes of vehicle have
been defined in different provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act.
The `transport vehicle' is defined in Section 2 (47) of the Act to mean a
public service vehicle, a goods carriage, an educational institution bus or a
private service vehicle. We have noticed hereinbefore the provisions of
sub-section (4) of Section 41. We have also noticed the notification issued by
the Central Government in this behalf. The said notification clearly postulates
that a three wheeled vehicle for transport of passengers or goods comes within
the purview of class 5 of the table appended thereto. The liecence granted in
favour of the said Salim Amadbhai goes to show that the same was granted for a
vehicle other than the transport vehicle. It was valid from 13.05.2004 to
12.05.2024. Section 14(2)(a) provides that a driving licence issued or renewed
under the Act shall, in case of a licence to drive a transport vehicle will be
effective for a period of three years whereas in the case of any other vehicle
it can be issued or renewed for a period of 20 years from the date of issuance
or renewal. The fact that the licence was granted for a period of 20 years,
thus, clearly shows that Salim Amadbhai, driver of the vehicle, was not granted
a valid driving licence for driving a transport vehicle.
7
11. The same is also borne out
from the licence in question. The attention of the High Court, however, was not
drawn to these aspects of the matter.
The learned Tribunal also, in its
judgment dated 5.5.2006 noticed the facts in the following terms :
"When they were proceeding on
road on foot and reached near Fire brigade, a rickshaw bearing No.GRP 5432 with
closed body came in fast speed, rashly and negligently from behind and dashed
with the complainant Ikbala and deceased Mahamadsha as a result of which both
of them fell down, sustained injuries, deceased sustained serious injuries on
his head and other parts of the body, and during the course of treatment he
succumbed to the injuries."
12. From the discussions made
hereinbefore, it is evident that the driver of the vehicle was not holding an
effective licence. Possession of an effective licence is necessary in terms of
Section 10 of the Motor Vehicles Act.
13. In National Insurance Co. Ltd.
v. Swaran Singh and Ors. [(2004) 3 SCC 297], this Court opined :
8 "89. Section 3 of the Act
casts an obligation on a driver to hold an effective driving licence for the
type of vehicle which he intends to drive.
Section 10 of the Act enables the
Central Government to prescribe forms of driving licences for various
categories of vehicles mentioned in sub-section (2) of the said section.
The various types of vehicles
described for which a driver may obtain a licence for one or more of them are:
(a) motorcycle without gear, (b) motorcycle with gear, (c) invalid carriage,
(d) light motor vehicle, (e) transport vehicle, (f) road roller, and (g) motor
vehicle of other specified description. The definition clause in Section 2 of
the Act defines various categories of vehicles which are covered in broad types
mentioned in sub-section (2) of Section 10.
They are "goods
carriage", "heavy goods vehicle", "heavy passenger motor
vehicle", "invalid carriage", "light motor vehicle",
"maxi-cab", "medium goods vehicle", "medium passenger
motor vehicle", "motor-cab", "motorcycle",
"omnibus", "private service vehicle",
"semi-trailer", "tourist vehicle", "tractor",
"trailer" and "transport vehicle". In claims for
compensation for accidents, various kinds of breaches with regard to the
conditions of driving licences arise for consideration before the Tribunal as a
person possessing a driving licence for "motorcycle without gear",
[sic may be driving a vehicle] for which he has no licence. Cases may also
arise where a holder of driving licence for "light motor vehicle" is
found to be driving a "maxi-cab", "motor-cab"
or "omnibus" for which
he has no licence. In each case, on evidence led before the Tribunal, a
decision has to be taken whether the fact of the driver possessing licence for
one type of vehicle but found driving another type of vehicle, was the main or
contributory cause of 9 accident. If on facts, it is found that the accident
was caused solely because of some other unforeseen or intervening causes like
mechanical failures and similar other causes having no nexus with the driver
not possessing requisite type of licence, the insurer will not be allowed to
avoid its liability merely for technical breach of conditions concerning
driving licence.
The said decision has been considered
by this Court in Kusum Rai (supra).
14. In National Insurance Company
Ltd. v. Annappa Irappa Nesaria and Ors. [(2008) 1 SCALE 642], it was noticed
that the provisions of the Act have undergone a change. The definition of
`light motor vehicle' would not include a light transport vehicle. In that
case, keeping in view the date on which the accident took place, it was held :
"From what has been noticed
hereinbefore, it is evident that transport vehicle has now been substituted for
`medium goods vehicle' and `heavy goods vehicle'. The light motor vehicle
continued, at the relevant point of time, to cover both, light passenger
carriage vehicle and light goods carriage vehicle.
A driver who had a valid licence
to drive a light motor vehicle, therefore, was authorized to drive a light
goods vehicle as well."
10
15. For the reasons
aforementioned, the impugned judgment cannot be sustained. The same is set
aside accordingly. However, in exercise of our jurisdiction under Article 142
of the Constitution of India, we direct that the appellant may satisfy the
award in favour of the claimants to recover the same from the owner. The appeal
is allowed with the aforementioned directions. No costs.
.............................J.
[S.B. Sinha] ..............................J.
[Lokeshwar Singh Panta] New Delhi;
Back
Pages: 1 2 3
