UNION OF INDIA & ORS vs. SURINDER SINGH RATHORE [2008] INSC 459 (13
March 2008)
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT & J.M. PANCHAL
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1960 OF 2008 (Arising out of SLP(C) No 18728 of 2006) Dr.
ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a Division Bench of the
Rajasthan High Court, Jodhpur Bench, dismissing the Civil Special Appeal (writ)
filed by the appellants.
3. Background facts in a nutshell are as follows:
Respondent was employed as a Signal Man in the army on 5.1.1985. Sometime in
October, 1991, he was admitted to the Military Hospital, Jodhpur for treatment
of a disease called 'Maculopathy (RT) Eye'. Subsequently he was referred to the
Command Hospital in Pune for treatment and was later reverted back to the unit
for normal duties with employability restrictions. The respondent continued to
complain of diminished vision and was re-admitted to the Military Hospital,
Jodhpur. Since he was not responding to the treatment, he was referred to the
Release Medical Board.
On 1.5.1993, said Board completed the said investigation and recommended
that the respondent be released from service in medical category and CEE
(permanent) which is lower than the category "AYE" due to the
aforesaid disease.
The disability of the respondent was assessed as 30% for two years and
considered as neither attributable to nor aggravated by military service. The
Board's proceedings were also approved by the competent authority on 17th May,
1993.
The respondent was discharged from service with effect from 31.7.1993 in
terms of Rule 13 of Army Rules, 1954 (in short the 'Rules'). Thereafter he was
granted a sum of Rs.9,350/- and Rs.7,425/-on account of invalid gratuity and
death cum retirement gratuity respectively. But prayer of the respondent for
grant of disability pension was rejected on the ground that the disease from
which the respondent suffered was neither attributable to nor aggravated by the
military service. This information was based on the information of the Release
Medical Board as per the provisions of Rule 173 of the Pension Regulations for
the Army (in short 'Pension Regulations') read with Rule 2 of Appendix II and
Regulation 423 of Medical Service of Armed Force Regulation 1983.
An appeal was preferred by the respondent which was forwarded to the
Ministry of Defence. The appeal was rejected upholding the view of CCDA
(Pension) as communicated to the respondent. Thereafter a writ petition was
filed before the High Court which was numbered as Writ Petition No. 2597 of
1996. By order dated 16th February, 2005, the said Writ Petition was decided
directing the present appellants to grant the respondent disability pension on
the ground that the controversy was squarely covered by an earlier decision
rendered by the High Court in SB Civil Writ No. 1083 of 2001.
Order of learned Single Judge was challenged by filing a Civil Special
appeal. By order dated 2.1.2006, the appeal was rejected. The present appeal by
special leave has been filed by the appellants.
Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the factual scenario has
not been appreciated by the learned Single Judge and the Division Bench in the
proper perspective. The report of the Medical Board clearly indicates that the
disability was not attributable to military service and also it was not
aggravated by service.
Learned counsel for the respondent on the other hand supported the orders of
the High Court.
4. Reference was also made to Pension Regulations. Rule 173 of such
Regulations reads as follows:
Primary conditions for the grant of disability pension:
"173. Unless otherwise specifically provided a disability pension may
be granted to an individual who is invalided from service on account of a
disability which is attributable to or aggravated by military service and is
assessed at 20 percent or above.
The question whether a disability is attributable to or aggravated by
military service shall be determined under rule in Appendix II.
Relevant portion in Appendix II reads as follows:
"2. Disablement or death shall be
accepted as due to military service provided it is certified that
-
The disablement is due to wound,
injury or disease which (i) is attributable to military service; or (ii)
existed before or arose during military service and has been and remains
aggravated thereby;
-
the death was due to or hastened by- (i) a wound, injury or disease
which was attributable to military service, or (ii) the aggravation by military
service of a wound, injury or disease which existed before or arose during
military service.
Note: The Rule also covers cases of death after discharge/invaliding from
service.
3. There must be a casual connection between disablement or death and
military service for attributability or aggravation to be conceded.
4. In deciding on the issue of entitlement all the evidence, both direct and
circumstantial, will be taken into account and the benefit or reasonable doubt
will be given to the claimant.
This benefit will be given more liberally to the claimant in field service
case."
5. Regulation 423 has also relevance and needs to be extracted. The same
reads as follows:
"423. Attributability to Service:
(a) For the purpose of determining whether the cause of a disability or
death is or is not attributable to service, it is immaterial whether the cause
giving rise to the disability or death occurred in an area declared to be a
Field Service/Active Service area or under normal peace conditions. It is,
however, essential to establish whether the disability or death bore a casual
connection with the service conditions. All evidence both direct and
circumstantial, will be taken into account and benefit of reasonable doubt, if
any, will be given to the individual. The evidence to be accepted as reasonable
doubt, for the purpose of these instructions, should be of a degree of cogency,
which though not reaching certainty, nevertheless carry the high degree of
probability. In this connection, it will be remembered that proof beyond
reasonable doubt does not mean proof beyond a shadow of doubt. If the evidence
is so strong against an individual as to leave only a remote possibility in his
favour, which can be dismissed with the sentence "of course it is possible
but not in the least probable" the case is proved beyond reasonable doubt.
If on the other hand, the evidence be so evenly balanced as to render
impracticable a determinate conclusion one way or the other, then the case
would be one in which the benefit of doubt could be given more liberally to the
individual, in cases occurring in Field Service/Active Service areas.
(b) The cause of a disability or death resulting from wound or injury, will
be regarded as attributable to service if the wound/injury was sustained during
the actual performance of "duty" in armed forces. In case of injuries
which were self inflicted or duty to an individual's own serious negligence or
misconduct, the Board will also comment how far the disability resulted from
self-infliction, negligence or misconduct.
(c) The cause of a disability or death resulting from a disease will be
regarded as attributable to service when it is established that the disease
arose during service and the conditions and circumstances of duty in the armed
forces determined and contributed to the onset of the disease. Cases, in which
it is established that service conditions did not determine or contribute to
the onset of the disease but influenced the subsequent course of the disease,
will be regarded as aggravated by the service. A disease which has led to an
individual's discharge or death will ordinarily be deemed to have arisen in
service if no note of it was made at the time of the individual's acceptance
for service in the armed forces. However, if medical opinion holds, for reasons
to be stated that the disease could not have been detected on medical examination
prior to acceptance for service, the disease will not be deemed to have arisen
during service.
(d) The question, whether a disability or death is attributable to or
aggravated by service or not, will be decided as regards its medical aspects by
a medical board or by the medical officer who signs the death certificate. The
medical board/medical officer will specify reasons for their/his opinion. The
opinion of the medical board/medical officer, in so far as it relates to the
actual cause of the disability or death and the circumstances in which it
originated will be regarded as final. The question whether the cause and the
attendant circumstances can be attributed to service will, however, be decided
by the pension sanctioning authority.
(e) To assist the medical officer who signs the death certificate or the
medical board in the case of an invalid, the C.O. unit will furnish a report
on:- (i) AFMS F-81 in all cases other than those due to injuries.
(i) IAFY-2006 in all cases of injuries other than battle injuries.
(f) In cases where award of disability pension or reassessment of
disabilities is concerned, a medical board is always necessary and the
certificate of a single medical officer will not be accepted except in case of
stations where it s not possible or feasible to assemble a regular medical
board for such purposes. The certificate of a single medical officer in the
latter case will be furnished on a medical board form and countersigned by the
ADMS (Army)/DMS (Navy)/DMS (Air).
6. In Union of India and Anr. v. Baljit Singh (1996 (11) SCC 315) this Court
had analysed Rule 173 of the Pension Regulations. It was observed that where
the Medical Board found that there was absence of proof of the injury/illness
having been sustained due to military service or being attributable thereto,
the High Court's direction to the Government to pay disability pension was not
correct. It was inter-alia observed as follows:
"6......It is seen that various criteria have been prescribed in the
guidelines under the Rules as to when the disease or injury is attributable to
the military service. It is seen that under Rule 173 disability pension would
be computed only when disability has occurred due to wound, injury or disease
which is attributable to military service or existed before or arose during
military service and has been and remains aggravated during the military
service. If these conditions are satisfied, necessarily the incumbent is
entitled to the disability pension. This is made ample clear from clause (a) to
(d) of para 7 which contemplates that in respect of a disease the Rules
enumerated thereunder required to be observed. Clause (c) provides that if a
disease is accepted as having arisen in service, it must also be established
that the conditions of military service determined or contributed to the onset
of the disease and that the conditions were due to the circumstances of duty in
military service. Unless these conditions satisfied, it cannot be said that the
sustenance of injury per se is on account of military service. In view of the
report of the Medical Board of Doctors, it is not due to military service. The
conclusion may not have been satisfactorily reached that the injury though
sustained while in service, it was not on account of military service. In each
case, when a disability pension is sought for made a claim, it must be
affirmatively established, as a fact, as to whether the injury sustained was
due to military service or was aggravated which contributed to invalidation for
the military service".
7. The position was again re-iterated in Union of India and Ors. v. Dhir
Singh China, Colonel (Retd.) (2003(2) SCC 382). In para 7 it was observed as
follows:
"7. That leaves for consideration Regulation
53. The said Regulation provides that on an officer being compulsorily
retired on account of age or on completion of tenure, if suffering on
retirement from a disability attributable to or aggravated by military service
and recorded by service medical authority, he may be granted, in addition to
retiring pension, a disability element as if he had been retired on account of
disability. It is not in dispute that the respondent was compulsorily retired
on attaining the age of superannuation. The question, therefore, which arises
for consideration is whether he was suffering, on retirement, from a disability
attributable to or aggravated by military service and recorded by service
medical authority. We have already referred to the opinion of the Medical Board
which found that the two disabilities from which the respondent was suffering
were not attributable to or aggravated by military service. Clearly therefore,
the opinion of the Medical Board ruled out the applicability of Regulation 53
to the case of the respondent.
The diseases from which he was suffering were not found to be attributable
to or aggravated by military service, and were in the nature of constitutional
diseases. Such being the opinion of the Medical Board, in our view the
respondent can derive no benefit from Regulation 53. The opinion of the Medical
Board has not been assailed in this proceeding and, therefore, must be
accepted."
8. The above position was again highlighted in Union of India & Ors.v.
Keshar Singh ( 2007(5) SCR 408).
9. The Medical Board's opinion was clearly to the effect that the ailment
suffered by the appellant was not attributable to the military service and also
not aggravated due to it. Learned Single Judge and the Division Bench were not
justified in holding that the same was attributable to Military service and/or
was aggravated because of service. The respondent is not entitled to disability
pension. However, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case payment, if
any, already made to the respondent by way of disability pension, shall not be
recovered.
10. The appeal is allowed without any order as to costs.
Back
Pages: 1 2 3
