Shri
V.J. Thomas Vs. Shri Pathrose Abraham & Ors [2008] Insc 138 (5 February 2008)
S.B.
Sinha & Harjit Singh Bedi
CIVIL
APPEAL NO. 989 OF 2008 (Arising out of SLP (C) NO. 20338 of 2005) S.B. SINHA, J
1.
Leave granted.
2. A
question of some importance as to whether a third party can be impleaded in a
suit filed under Order I Rule 8 of the Code of Civil Procedure is involved in
this appeal which arises out of the judgment and order dated 30th June, 2005
passed by a Learned Single Judge of the Kerala High Court in CRP No. 272 of
2004 dismissing the revision application filed by the appellant herein
challenging the order dated 17.10.2003 passed by Additional sub Court, Kottayam.
3. The
basic fact of the matter is not in dispute.
4.
Appellant herein filed Original Suit No. 364 of 1997 in the Court of Additional Sub Court, Kottayam, for declaration of his
title and for possession of the suit property. A prayer therein was made for
restraining the defendants who were three in number (Respondent Nos. 3 to 5 herein)
from interfering with his right to enjoy the property by entering upon it or
using it as a pathway as if it was a public pathway. A purported publication
was also made in a newspaper purported to be in terms of Order I Rule 10 of the
Code of Civil Procedure.
5.
Respondent Nos. 3 to 5 herein did not appear in the suit as a result whereof,
an ex-parte decree was passed on 26.3.1998. An application for execution of the
said decree was filed. Respondent Nos. 1 and 2 herein in the said execution
case filed five applications, the details whereof are as under:
I.A.No.965/2002-
Under Order 9 Rule 13, for setting aside the exparte decree.
I.A.No.966/2002-
For Condonation of Delay I.A.No.967/2002- Application for Stay of all the
proceedings in the execution.
I.A.No.968/2002-
Application filed by the respondent no.1 for permission to contest the suit and
to add himself in the array of parties as additional defendant No.1.
I.A.No.969/2002-
Application filed by respondent No.2 for permission to contest the suit and for
making her as additional defendant No.5.
6. The
Executing Court allowed I.A No. 968 of 2002 and 969 of 2002 impleading
respondent Nos. 1and 2 as defendant No. 5 and 7 in the suit.
The
Revision Application filed thereagainst has been dismissed by a Single Judge of
the High Court by reason of the impugned judgment.
7. Mr.
V.J. Francis, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant, submitted
that a suit, wherein notice under Order I Rule 8 of Code of Civil Procedure has
been issued, could not have been reopened at the instance of the respondent
Nos.1 and 2 herein without allowing their application for condonation of delay
and for setting aside the ex parte decree. It was urged that no case has been
made out for condonation of delay as the applications for setting aside the ex parte
decree was filed after more than four years from the passing thereof.
Respondent
Nos. 1 and 2, in any event, it was contended, could not have represented the panchayat
and, thus, the impugned order is unsustainable.
8. Mr.
M.T. George, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent, however,
would support the impugned judgment.
9. The
suit land measuring 450 ft. x 4 ft. starts from Vattachalpady junction of Manarcadu-Thengana
PWD road and ends at Kuttiyilpadyperumpanachi Panchayat road on the east.
Respondent
Nos. 1 and 2 were not parties to the suit. They, in their applications, inter alia,
contended that the appellant and the respondent Nos. 3 to 5 herein are neighbours
and close associates. The suit was a collusive one. Leave of the Court under
Order 1 Rule 8 was obtained on a misrepresentation.
10. A
specific contention was also raised that plaintiff-petitioner deliberately and
intentionally had not impleaded the users of the pathway in the said suit. It
was stated that publication of the notice purported to be under Order 1 Rule 8
CPC was made is the newspapers which did not have wide circulation in the
locality.
11.
The High Court has, inter alia, relying upon the decision of the Madras High
Court in Swaminatha Mudaliar vs. Kumaraswami Chettiar and others [(1923) 44 MLJ
282] accepted the said contentions of the respondent, holding :
"It
may be unusual to bring fresh plaintiffs on the record after a decree has been
passed; but there is authority for doing so under Order I Rule 10.
Order
1 Rule 8 expressly permits any person on whose behalf a representative suit is
instituted to apply to the Court to be brought on the record, and the words of
this rule are not limited, as they are by Order 1 Rule 10 by the purpose being
expressed as that of adjudication on the questions arising in the suit. "
12.
The plaint is not before us. The application purported to have been filed by
the applicant under Order 1 Rule 8 is also not before us. On what basis, the
respondent Nos. 3 to 5 were impleaded in the suit and in which capacity, thus,
is not known.
13. A
suit filed in terms of Order 1 Rule 8 should ordinarily be premised on the
ground that the defendants represent the parties interested in the suit
Defendants in such a suit, _________, must be able to represent the public in
general, but no personal decree can be passed against them. To what extent the
original defendants were interested in the suit property at least in respect of
the portion thereof is not known.
14. A
litigant may execute a decree which was obtained for the benefit of the people
of the locality but if he intends to execute a decree which was obtained for
his own benefit, those who would be affected thereby should ordinarily be made
parties to the suit. Similarly, if a village pathway is the subject matter of
the suit on the premise that it is the personal property of the plaintiff,
those who use the said pathway or at least have lands adjacent thereto should
ordinarily be impleaded as parties. In the latter case, like the present one,
applying the legal principles, as noticed hereinbefore, we are of the opinion
that a decree which has been obtained by suppression of fact or collusively
would not be executable against those who were not parties to the suit.
15.
Reliance has been placed by Mr. Francis on Chairman, Tamil Nadu Housing Board,
Madras v. T.N. Ganapathy [(1990) 1 SCC 608] wherein the question which arose
for consideration centered around the maintainability of the suit at the
instance of the plaintiffs who belonged to the category of low income group
against Housing Board for a permanent injunction from demanding and calculating
from the allottees any additional price, was answered in the following terms :
"Coming
to the relevant circumstances in the present case, it will be seen that all the
allotments in Ashok Nagar were made under the same scheme and all the relevant
facts are common. The basis of the impugned demand of the appellant is equally
applicable to all the allottees and the plea of the plaintiff is available to
all of them. The trial court was, therefore, perfectly right in permitting the
plaintiff to proceed under Order I, Rule 8 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
Nobody in this situation can complain of any inconvenience or injustice.
On the
other hand, the appellant is being saved from being involved in unnecessary
repeated litigation."
16. As
indicated hereinbefore, we have no idea as to what was the nature of interest
was claimed by the Original Defendant No. 1 to 3 (Respondent Nos. 3 to 5) in
the suit land. In any event, whether the service of notice was proper would
also be the subject matter of an enquiry by the learned trial court. It has
also to be seen as to whether the notice in terms of Order I Rule 10 of the
Code was published in a newspaper having a wide circulation in the locality.
17. In
Union of India & Ors. v. DinanathShantaram
Karekar & Ors. [1998 (4) SCALE 659], this Court held :
"So
far as the service of show cause notice is concerned, it also cannot be treated
to have been served. Service of this notice was sought to be effected on the
respondent by publication in a newspaper without making any earlier effort to
serve him personally by tendering the show cause notice either through the
office peon or by registered post. There is nothing on record to indicate that
the newspaper in which the show- cause notice was published was a popular
newspaper which was expected to be read by the public in general or that it had
wide circulation in the area or locality where the respondent lived.
The
show-cause notice cannot, therefore, in these circumstances, be held to have
been served on the respondent. In any case, since the very initiation of the
disciplinary proceedings was bad for the reason that the charge sheet was not
served, all subsequent steps and stages, including the issuance of the
show-cause notice would be bad."
In Church of North India v. Lavajibhai Ratanjibhai & Ors. [(2005) 10 SCC 760],
it was observed "71. .. bars a suit to enforce a right on behalf of a
public trust. C.N.I. got itself registered as a public trust in the year 1981.
A suit evidently was filed by the plaintiffs in the year 1980 because C.N.I.
was not then entitled to file a suit. It may be true that the suit was filed
under Order 1, Rule 8 of the Code of Civil Procedure but therein the question
as to whether the Appellant herein, being a registered trust became entitled to
the properties of Brethren Church could not have been gone into.
What
is prohibited is to enforce a right on behalf of a public trust. When the
plaintiffs intended to enforce a right on behalf of the Appellant, the suit was
evidently not maintainable."
18. If
for the purpose of examination of the said question, amongst others, the
executing court has allowed the applications for impleadment of the respondent
Nos. 1 and 3 herein as defendant No. 4 and 5, so as to enable them to press
their applications for setting aside the ex-parte decree upon condonation of
delay; we do not see any reason to interfere therewith in exercise of our
discretionary jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution of India.
19.
For the reasons above mentioned, there is no merit in this application which is
accordingly dismissed with costs. Counsel's fee assessed at Rs. 10,000/-
(Rupees ten thousand only).
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