Parents Asscn.of
Students Vs. M.A. Khan & ANR. [2008] INSC 2182 (16 December 2008)
Judgment
IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF INDIA CIVIL APPELALTE JURISDICTION CIVIL APPEAL NO. 7317 OF 2009 (Arising
out of SLP (Civil) No. 1722 of 2007) Parents Association of Students ....
Appellant Versus M.A. Khan and another .... Respondents
S.B. SINHA, J.
1.
Leave
granted.
2.
The
question which arises for consideration in this appeal is as to whether a
Special Appeal from an interim order passed by the court in exercise of its
contempt jurisdiction is maintainable.
The said question
arises in the following circumstances :- 2
3.
Appellant-herein
is an Association of Parents of the Wards who have taken admission in different
professional colleges including medical colleges. Respondent No.1 is a
Secretary of Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital while respondent No.2
is the Secretary, Medical Education, Government of U.P.
4.
A
writ petition was filed by the appellant against the State of U.P. and others
wherein a learned Single Judge of the High Court having regard to the decision
of a 11 Judge Bench of this Court in T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of
Karnataka, [ (2002) 8 SCC 481 ] while disposing of the writ petition on 31st
August, 2006, directed as under:- "Learned counsel appearing on behalf of
the respondent No.2 Sri Sanjay Bhasin, informs that the authorities are bound
to act in the light of the judgment of the Apex Court and the various
Government Orders i.e. Government order dated 15.7.2003 and 13.7.2005 issued in
the light of the judgment of this Court at Allahabad.
In the light of the
above no further directions are required to be issued by this Court. In the
circumstances, the authorities must ensure and stick on the fair statement made
on behalf of the respondents.
With these
observations the writ petition is finally disposed of."
5.
Indisputably
clarification as regards interpretation of various directions/observations made
in T.M.A. Pai Foundation (supra) fell for consideration before a Constitution
Bench of this Court in Islamic Academy of Education v. State of Karnataka, [
(2003) 6 SCC 697 ]. The mater did not stop there. Another Seven Judge Bench was
constituted to interpret the directions issued in Islamic Academy of Education
(supra) vis- `-vis T.M.A. Pai Foundation (supra).
In P.A. Inamdar v.
State of Maharashtra, [ (2005) 6 SCC 537 ] wherein direction to constitute
various Committees inter alia to determine the quantum of fees payable by the
students for taking admission as also tuition and other fees to continue their
studies in professional colleges, was reiterated.
6.
Respondent
No.1 was not a party to the said writ petition. It, however, approached the
Committee for determination of the quantum of fees which could be collected
from the students. The Committee refused to go into the said question opining
that for the year in question i.e. 2003-04 it had no jurisdiction to decide the
same.
7.
Relying
on or on the basis of the said opinion of the Committee the first respondent
approached the Government of the State. A Government order was issued on 7th
September, 2006 permitting the College to collect 4 Rs.2,96,000.00 as fees for
admission. The College indisputably collected the said amount from the
students.
8.
It
is at this stage that a contempt petition was filed by the appellant against
the contemnors-respondents contending that by issuance of the said G.O. dated
7th September, 2006 the State had committed contempt of Court.
1st respondent was
impleaded as a respondent-contemnor on the plea that he was also bound by the
earlier decision of the Court. However, he was not a party to the writ
petition.
9.
A
learned Single Judge of the High Court by his order dated 13th September, 2006
while opining that a prima facie case for initiating contempt proceedings under
the Contempt of Court Act has been made out, passed the following interim order
:- " After considering the argument on behalf of the both sides this Court
is of the view that issuing of the Government Order dated 7.9.2006 prima facie
indicates the commission of contempt of Court.
Let notice be issued
to the opposite party no.1 and 2.
They shall file
counter affidavit within three weeks. Rejoinder affidavit maybe filed within a
week thereafter.
List immediately
thereafter.
5 In the meanwhile,
the operation of the disputed Government order dated 7.9.2006 shall remain
stayed and any consequential action taken by way of notices to students shall
also remain stayed.
The Court is passing
this order in view of the observation of the Apex Court in Mohammad Idris and another
vs. Rustam Jehangir Bapuji and others, AIR 1984 SC 1826 where it was observed
that the clear breach of undertaking given by the petitioner, the Court could
also issue appropriate direction to close breach."
10.
An
intra court appeal by way of Special Appeal was filed thereagainst by the
respondent No.1. Appellant herein raised a question of maintainability of the
said appeal. A Division Bench of the Court (Coram :
Hon'ble Jagdish
Bhalla, J. and Hon'ble D.V. Sharma, J.) on 17th October, 2006 held the said
appeal to be maintainable but did not assign any reason in support thereof
immediately, but stated :-.
" In this
Special; Appeal, the Stamp Reporter has reported that it has been presented
beyond 4 days of the statutory period. Admittedly, on 13th September, 2006 the
appellant was not being represented before the learned Single Judge.
However, notices were
issued on 13.9.2006, which was served upon the appellant on 21st September,
2006. Therefore, it cannot be said that appeal has been filed beyond 4 days of
the period prescribed by the Limitation Act.
By the order dated
13.9.2006 passed in Criminal Misc. Case No.2053 of 2006 (contempt 6
jurisdiction) the Hon'ble Single Judge was pleased to issue notices calling
upon the respondents including the appellant to file counter affidavit and
stayed the operation of the Government order dated 7.9.2006 together with the
consequential actions taken by way of notices to students.
A preliminary
objection has been raised by Sri S.N. Shukla, Advocate appearing for the
opposite party no.1 with respect to maintainability of the instant Special
Appeal. According to him, there is no provision of filing Special Appeal
arising out of the contempt petition. He has next contended that the respondent
has received copy of the Special Appeal at about 3 PM whereas the affidavit of
service shows the time as 12:15 PM.
Having heard the
learned counsel for the parties, we would have dictated the order in the open
Court on account of paucity of time we are dictating only the operative portion
of the order and the reasons would follow :- Admit.
Issue Notice.
Ten days time is
allowed for filing objection to the affidavit in support of the appeal. Till
further orders of the Court the order dated 13.9.2006 so far as it relate to
the appellant shall remain stayed. It would be for the parties Counsel to
inform this order to the Hon'ble Contempt Judge."
Reasons in support of
the said order were assigned later on but the date thereof was stated to be
17th October, 2006 itself. A certified copy of 7 the said order was made
available to the appellant on or about 15th January, 2007.
11.
Appellant
is, thus, before us.
12.
Mr.
S.N. Shukla, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant would submit
that as in view of the decision of this Court in Midnapore Peoples' Coop. Bank
Ltd. v. Chunilal Nanda, [(2006) 5 SCC 399] an appeal in terms of Section 19 of
the Contempt of Courts Act, 1970 would be maintainable, the special appeal
filed by the respondent should have been dismissed in limine. It was urged that
as the special appeal itself was not maintainable, any interlocutory order
passed therein should be held to be a nullity. It was pointed out that in any
event as merely a show cause notice had been issued by the learned Single Judge
by an order dated 31st August, 2006, no appeal lay thereagainst. As the
decision of the learned Single Judge dated 31st August, 2006 was binding on the
State of Uttar Pradesh and as prima facie the State has committed an act of
contempt in issuing the impugned GO. dated 7th September, 2006, the first
respondent herein who was aware of the said order could be proceeded against
for commission of contempt. Reliance in this behalf has been placed on Babulal
v. Municipal Corpn., Ratlam, [ (2005) 13 SCC 101], where it was held :-.
8 "2. The High
Court appears to have proceeded on the basis that it was settled law that a
person not a party to the original proceedings cannot be proceeded against in
contempt. The issue is a debatable one, particularly having regard to the law
on the issue particularly in S.N. Banerjee v. Kuchwar Lime and Stone Co. Ltd.
The order of the High Court is set aside and the matter is remanded back for
reconsideration of the issue."
13.
Mr.
A. Mariarputham, learned counsel appearing on behalf of respondent No.1, on the
other hand would contend :- (i) A valuable right of the appellant to receive
fees from the students having been taken away by reason of the order passed by
the learned Single Judge the Special Appeal was maintainable.
(ii) As it is
accepted that an appeal under Section 19 of the Contempt of Courts Act would
have otherwise been maintainable before a Division Bench, it did not matter
whether the Division Bench exercised its jurisdiction under Section 19 of the Contempt
of Courts Act or under the Letters Patent of the High Court.
(iii) In view of the
subsequent event, namely - determination of the same amount of fees by the
Committee which has also received 9 the approval of the Government having been
questioned before the High Court in a writ petition and the matter is pending
judgment, this Court should not interfere with the impugned order.
14.
The
controversy as regards exercise of jurisdiction of the appellate court under
Section 19 of the Contempt of the Court Act is a vexed one. Whereas one line of
decisions beginning from Baradakanta Mishra v. Justice Gatikrushna Misra, [
(1975) 3 SCC 535 ] till Midnapore Peoples' Coop. Bank Ltd. (supra) is that an
appeal would be maintainable only when an order of punishment has been made, in
R.N. Dey v. Bhagyabati Pramanik, [ (2000) 4 SCC 400 ] it has been held to be
maintainable if the jurisdiction is excised by any court under the Contempt
Courts Act.
15.
The
question, we may notice, has been referred to a 3 Judge Bench in Dharam Singh
v. Guljari Lal & Ors. [Civil Appeal No.18852 of 2005).
We, therefore, need
not decide the larger question, namely, maintainability of the appeal under
Section 19 of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1970 vis-`-vis maintainability of the
Special Appeal under the Letters Patent of the High Court, since the matter has
been referred to a larger Bench.
16.
We,
however wish to deal with the basic issue. Appellant filed the writ petition,
inter alia, for a direction upon the State to regulate professional education
so far as it, inter alia, relates to fixation of fee. First Respondent
admittedly runs a professional institution. It, subject to any law, would be
bound by the decision of this Court in T.M.A. pai (supra).
The contemnor or the
institution which he represents, however, was not a party. If he was not a
party, subject to statutory interdict, only in exceptional cases, he may be
proceeded against under the Contempt of Courts Act, 1970. It is one thing to
say that a direction having been issued upon the State Government; issuance of
a Government Order in exercise of its jurisdiction under Article 162 of the
Constitution of India would attract the wrath of the Contempt of Courts Act;
but it would be another thing to say that a party who merely derives benefit
from such Government Order would also be liable to be proceeded against under
the Contempt of Courts Act despite the fact that he was not a party to the
judgment.
17.
The
learned Single Judge did not address itself to this aspect of the matter at
all. Ordinarily, a person if not a party to the lis and no direction having
been issued against him, a contempt petition against him would not lie. Whether
an exceptional case has been made out against him is yet to be determined.
18.
In
S.N. Banerjee v. Kuchwar Lime and Stone Co. Ltd., [AIR 1938 PC 295], it has
been observed :- "The question whether a contempt committed not by any
person inhibited by injunction for breach of that injunction but by a person
said to have aided and abetted a person so inhibited in breaking the injunction
is of such a criminal nature as to prevent an appeal has given rise to much
controversy, controversy which in the present case this Board does not think it
necessary to resolve.
The respondents
themselves when petitioning the Court asked the Court to issue notice upon the
opposite parties to show cause why they should not be committed for contempt
for disobedience of the injunction. Strictly speaking this was a wrong remedy
to ask against Ghose and Banerjee. The injunction was not binding on them and
they had never disobeyed it. The petition should have asked that they be
committed for aiding and abetting the Secretary of State in his disobedience.
Indeed on the
authority of 1848) - 11 Beav 180 and 181, the High Court might well have dismissed
the petition against those two appellants and left the petitioners to apply
again in proper form. Though the High Court did not do so but treated the
petition as if application had been made to commit those appellants for
contempt in aiding and abetting the Secretary of State, yet their Lordships do
not think, the respondents have any cause of complaint if the Court in
admitting the appeal treated the case (as the respondents themselves had done)
as being a petition for breach of the injunction and gave a certificate as in a
civil matter."
19.
It
is one thing to say that a person claiming title or any other right is bound by
a direction issued to another through or under whom he is 12 claiming a right
but it may not be correct to opine that a person who has nothing to do with the
functions of the State would also be liable therefor.
In any event, the
issue admittedly is a debatable one. It is required to be gone into. Without
any application of mind in this behalf on the part of the High Court not only a
notice has been issued but also an interim order has been passed which vitally affects
the respondents No.1.
A person aggrieved by
an order must have a remedy. Technicalities of law should not be allowed to
come on his way to move the higher courts.
20.
If
Mr. Mishra is correct in his contention that an appeal was maintainable under
Section 19 of the Contempt of Courts Act, such an appeal would also lie before
a Division Bench of the High Court. It may, subject to just exceptions, not
matter much as to whether an appeal is entertained under the said provision or
under the Letters Patent of the High Court. The Division Bench of the High
Court, therefore, could entertain an appeal subject, of course, to allocation
subject matters by the Chief Justice of High Court.
21.
There
cannot, however, be any doubt or dispute that this Court has the jurisdiction
to interfere with both the orders under Article 136 of the Constitution of
India.
22.
Once
the counsel for the parties are heard at great length, this Court may in
appropriate cases and in particular a case of this nature and keeping in view
the subsequent events may either refuse to interfere with the impugned judgment
or quash both the orders of the Division Bench and the Single Bench on the
legal principle that if setting aside of an illegal order gives rise to another
illegal order both orders may be quashed. [See Chandra Singh v. State of
Rajasthan & Anr. [(2003) 6 SCC 545]; and Dove Investments Pvt. Ltd. &
Ors. v. Gujarat Industrial Investments Corporation Ltd. & Anr. [(2006) 2
SCC 619].
23.
The
question as to whether a person, although not a party in the original writ
proceedings, could be proceeded against, is a debatable one.
Such a question,
therefore, was required to be determined at the threshold.
If prima facie two
views are possible and unless it is firmly held that the respondent No.1 not only
was bound by the directions issued by the High Court but he had also defied it
willfully and deliberately, he cannot be punished for commission of contempt.
If, prima facie,
appellant cannot be punished for commission of contempt of the High Court, an
interim order also should have not been passed.
14 We draw
inspiration in this regard from a decision of this Court in The State of Bihar
v. Rani Sonabati Kumari [AIR 1961 SC 221]which has since been followed in a
large number of cases.
24.
Recently
in Sushila Raje Holkar v. Anil Kak (Retd.) [2008 (7) SCALE 484], it was held :
"19. It may be
true that this Court upon hearing the parties, by the order dated 1.5.2007
granted the respondent 15 days' time to deposit all arrears of rent at the rate
of Rs.50,000/- per month including the rent for the month of April 2007. We are
not concerned with the implementation of the said order as violation thereof is
not the subject matter of the contempt proceedings pending before us.
The order of this
Court properly construed, therefore, would mean that the admitted lease would
cover only 16,000 square feet of land.
Different
phraseologies like "entire" and "admitted" have been used
by this Court.
Construction of the
said order, therefore, must be resorted to upon reading the same in its
entirety. It is a well settled principle of law that if two interpretations are
possible of the order which is ambiguous, a contempt proceeding would not be
maintainable. In The State of Bihar v. Rani Sonabati Kumari [AIR 1961 SC 221],
it was stated:
`The second
contention urged was that even if on a proper construction of the order, read
in the light of the relevant pleadings, the State Government was directed to
abstain from publishing a notification under Section 3(1) of the Act, still, if
the order was ambiguous and equivocal and reasonably capable of two
interpretations, a party who 15 acted on the basis of one of such
interpretations could not be held to have willfully disobeyed the order. Stated
in these terms, the contention appears unexceptionable. For its being accepted
in any particular case, however, two conditions have to be satisfied: (1) that
the order was ambiguous and was reasonably capable of more than one
interpretation, (2) that the party being proceeded against in fact did not
intend to disobey the order, but conducted himself in accordance with his
interpretation of the order.' This aspect of the matter has been considered by
this Court in Purnendu Mukhopadhyay and Ors. v. V.K. Kapoor and Anr. [(2007) 12
SCALE 549] {See also Maruti Udyog Limited v. Mahinder C. Mehta and Ors. [(2007)
11 SCALE 750]}"
25.
Strong
reliance has been placed by Mr. Mishra on Midnapore Peoples' Coop. Bank Ltd.
& Ors. (supra), wherein it has, inter alia, been held :
"If the High
Court, for whatsoever reason, decides an issue or makes any direction, relating
to the merits of the dispute between the parties, in a contempt proceedings,
the aggrieved person is not without remedy. Such an order is open to challenge
in an intra-court appeal (if the order was of a learned Single Judge and there
is a provision for an intra-court appeal), or by seeking special leave to
appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution of India (in other cases).
XXX XXX XXX
15. Interim
orders/interlocutory orders passed during the pendency of a case, fall under
one or the other of the following categories :
(i) to (iii) ...
(iv) Routine orders
which are passed to facilitate the progress of the case till its culmination in
the final judgment.
(v) Orders which may
cause some inconvenience or some prejudice to a party, but which do not finally
determine the rights and obligations of the parties."
26.
We
may, however, notice that in an earlier decision of this Court in R.N. Dey
& Ors (suspra) it was opined :
"In our view the
aforesaid contention for the learned counsel for the respondents requires to be
rejected on the ground that after receipt of the notice, officers concerned
tendered unconditional apology and after accepting the same, the High Court
rejected the prayer for discharge of the rule issued for contempt action. When
the court either suo motu or on a motion or a reference, decides to take action
and initiate proceedings for contempt, it assumes jurisdiction to punish for
contempt. The exercise of jurisdiction to punish for contempt commences with
the initiation of a proceeding for contempt and if the order is passed not
discharging the rule issued in contempt proceedings, it would be an order or
decision in exercise of its jurisdiction to punish for contempt. Against such order,
appeal would be maintainable."
27.
As
indicated hereinbefore, the matter is pending before a Three Judge Bench.
In a case of this
nature, this Court is also not precluded from taking into consideration the
subsequent events. Having regard to the subsequent events, and in particular
as, the decision as to the Committee's power to fix fees is justiciable or not
is pending consideration, it would not be fair to allow the interim order
passed by the learned Single Judge to continue;
assuming that the
Division Bench had no jurisdiction to entertain the appeal and consequently
pass the interim order staying the operation of the order of the learned Single
Judge. While, therefore, quashing both the orders, we would request the learned
Single Judge to consider the merit of contempt matter only after disposal of
the Writ Petition No.2117 (M/S) of 2006.
28.
Appeal
is disposed of accordingly. No costs.
............................J.
( S.B. SINHA )
............................J.
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