K. K.
Tiwari & Ors Vs. Union of India &
Ors [2008] INSC 667 (21 April 2008)
A. K. Mathur & Lokeshwar Singh Panta REPORTABLE CIVIL APPEAL NO. 571 OF 2002 Lokeshwar Singh Panta, J.
1. This appeal by special leave is directed against the judgment and order dated
9th August, 2001 passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Allahabad at
Allahabad in Civil Miscellaneous Writ Petition No. 10242/2000 and Civil
Miscellaneous Writ Petition No. 18114/2000. By the common judgment under
challenge, the High Court dismissed the writ petitions whereby the order dated
8th February, 2000 passed by the Central Administrative Tribunal (hereinafter
referred to as 'the Tribunal'), Allahabad Bench, Allahabad, in O.A. No.
465/1999 was affirmed, whereunder the Tribunal directed the Union of India
through the Secretary, Ministry of Defence respondent No.1, Engineer-in-Chief,
Army Head Quarters respondent No. 2 and Union Public Service Commission respondent
No. 3 herein to fill in the posts of Executive Engineer in proportion of 2/3rd
from the Assistant Executive Engineers and 1/3rd from Assistant Engineers in
accordance with the relevant rules.
2. Facts relevant and necessary leading to the filing of this appeal may be
stated.
3. There are two feeder channels for promotion to the post of Executive
Engineers (EEs): (i) from direct recruit known as Assistant Executive Engineers
(AEEs) and (ii) from the grade of Assistant Engineers (AEs) (promotees).
4. The rules governing the service of the cadres framed under Article 309 of
the Constitution of India are called 'the Indian Defence Service of Engineers
(Recruitment and Conditions of Service) Rules, 1991 (hereinafter referred to as
'the Rules'). The appellants in the present case are the AEs, whereas private
respondent Nos. 4 to 10 are AEEs. The AEEs are appointed by direct recruitment
on the basis of selection made by Union Public Service Commission (for short
'the UPSC').
5. A Circular dated 29.07.1997 was issued by respondent No.2 in which it was
stated that as on 1.4.1997 out of the then sanctioned strength of 445 posts of
EEs, 354 posts (as against 297 posts) were occupied by those employees who have
been promoted from the cadre of AEEs, while 76 posts (as against 148 posts) by
those who belong to the cadre of AEs. It was also stated in the said Circular
that the total demand for the year 1997-98 to the cadre of EEs was 58 posts,
which were directed to be filled in by promotion from amongst AEs only.
6. The private respondents herein challenged the order dated 29.07.1997 of
the Engineer-in-Chief respondent No. 2 before the CAT, Principal Bench,
Allahabad. The Tribunal by its order dated 08.02.2000 partly allowed the O.A.
and directed respondent Nos. 1 to 3 to fill up the vacancies by promotion in
the ratio of 2/3rd from AEEs and 1/3rd from AEs in accordance with the
provisions of the relevant rules.
7. Feeling aggrieved by and dissatisfied with the order of the Tribunal, two
writ petitions, one by the appellants and another by the Engineer-in-Chief,
were preferred before the High Court of Allahabad.
8. Having heard the learned counsel for the parties and having perused the
entire record, the Division Bench of the High Court has found no substance in
the writ petitions and accordingly dismissed the same inter alia holding as under:-
"The order of the Engineer-in-Chief dated 29.7.1997 can at best be treated
to be an executive instruction. If the rules are silent on any point the
Government can fill up the gaps and supplement the rules and issue instructions
consistent with the rules already framed. But they cannot run contrary to
statutory provisions or whittle down their effect. The office memorandum dated
29.7.1997 clearly runs contrary to the provisions of the rules and as such, it
is illegal. The order passed by the CAT directing respondent nos. 1 to 3 to
fill up the vacancies in proportion of 2/3rd of Assistant Executive Engineers
and 1/3rd from Assistant Engineers is, therefore, perfect, legal and calls for
no interference.
In view of the discussion made above, both the writ petitions lack merit and
are hereby dismissed."
9. Hence, AEs-appellants have filed this appeal questioning the correctness
and validity of the judgment of the High Court.
10. Mr. P.S. Patwalia, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the
appellants, contended that the High Court erred in reading Rule 7 of the Rules
separately from Schedule III appended to the Rules while construing the words
"post to be filled" in Column 3 of Schedule III to mean the available
vacancies at a given point of time and thus, instead of applying the quota to
the "duty posts" or the cadre, has wrongly applied it to the
vacancies. According to the learned counsel, if the interpretation to the duty
posts as given by the High Court is accepted, miscarriage of justice shall be perpetuated
to the AEs who shall never achieve their due share of quota as envisaged under
the Rules. He emphasized that the quota prescribed by the rules shall strictly
be adhered to and any promotion made in excess of the quota will not give right
to the promotee to hold the posts meant for the other feeder cadre and inaction
of the Government to make promotions from one feeder channel is not indicative
of breaking down of quota.
11. Dr. R.G. Padia, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of respondent
Nos.1 to 3, on the other hand, contended that the Tribunal as also the High
Court have passed well- reasoned and well-merited orders based upon the facts
of the case, the relevant rules governing the service conditions of the parties
and the principles of law and, therefore, this Court shall not be obliged to
interfere with the judgment of the High Court upholding the order of the
Tribunal.
12. In order to appreciate the rival contentions of the learned counsel for
the parties, we think it appropriate that the rules relevant for the purpose of
determination of the controversy raised in this appeal need to be referred to.
13. Rule 2(e) of the Rules defines 'duty posts' to mean any post specified
in Column 4 of Schedule I. In Rule 2 (h) 'grade' means a grade of the Service
specified in Column 1 of Schedule 1. 'Regular services in relation to any
grade' in terms of Rule 2(j) means the period of service in the grade rendered
after selection according to procedure laid down by the Government for long
term appointment to that grade and includes any period or periods:
-
taken into account for purpose of
seniority in the case of these appointees in the initial constitution of the
service;
-
during which an officer would have
held a duty post in the grade but for being on leave or otherwise not being
available for holding such post.
14. Rule 2(m) of the Rules defines 'Service' to mean the Indian Defence
Service of Engineers constituted under Rule 3.
15. Rules 3 deals with the Constitution of Indian Defence Service of
Engineers, which reads as under:- "There shall be constituted a service to
be known as the Indian Defence Service of Engineers consisting of posts
specified in Schedule I."
16. Rule 4 deals with grade, authorized strength and its review.
17. Rule 5 prescribes members of the service and reads as under:- "The
following persons shall be members of the service, namely:- "(a) Persons
deemed to have been appointed to the service under Rule 6;
and (b) Persons appointed to the service under Rule 7."
18. The Initial Constitution of the service on the commencement of these
Rules is governed by Rule 6, which reads as under:- "All the existing
officers in the Military Engineer Services (Engineer Cadre) holding Group 'A'
posts on regular basis on the date of commencement of these rules shall be
deemed to have been appointed to the corresponding posts and grades in the
service in the substantive or officiating capacity, as the case may be, at the
initial constitution stage."
19. The material and relevant rule on the basis of which the point in issue
has been decided by the Tribunal and the High Court reads as under:- "Rule
7. After the commencement of these rules, the vacancies, excluding the
vacancies reserved for Army Officers under the Military Engineer Services (Army
Personnel) Regulations, 1989 shall be filled in the manner as provided in
Schedules II, III and IV."
20. The relative seniority of members of the service is governed by Rule 8.
21. Schedule I attached to the Rules prescribes the names of posts, total
number of posts and number of posts, which are to be held by Civilian Officers
in each grade and scale of pay of Additional Director General, Chief Engineer
and Additional Chief Engineer, Superintending Engineer (selection grade),
Superintending Engineer (ordinary grade), Executive Engineer and Assistant
Executive Engineer. The total number of sanctioned posts of EEs is mentioned
890, out of which 445 posts are to be held by Civilian Officers.
22. Schedule II prescribes minimum educational qualifications and age limits
for direct recruits to the post of AEEs Group 'A' to be filled in on the basis
of examination to be conducted by the UPSC.
23. Schedule III [see Rule 7] provides the method of recruitment, field of
promotion and minimum qualifying service in the next lower grade or feeder
grade for promotion to duty posts in the various grades of the Indian Defence.
EEs are placed at Serial No.6 of the Schedule. EEs posts in terms of Column 4
of the Schedule are to be filled in by two channels of promotions, viz. (i)
662/3% posts are to be filled on non- selection basis from the grade of AEEs
with four years regular service in the grade with a Degree in Civil, Mechanical
or Electrical Engineering or equivalent from a recognised
University/Institution and 33.1/3% posts to be filled on selection basis from
the grade of AEs with 8 years regular service in the grade and possessing
Degree in Civil, Mechanical or Electrical Engineering or equivalent from a
recognised University/Institution [see Column 5].
24. We have given our anxious consideration to the above raised contentions
of the learned counsel for the parties in the light of the above-extracted
relevant Rules.
25. Rule 7 on its bare reading does not make reference to Schedule I, which
provides that 445 numbers of posts are to be held by Civilian Officers in the
cadre of EEs. The Rules nowhere provide that the total strength of the cadre of
EEs has to be consistently maintained in a manner that 2/3rd cadre is manned by
those who are promoted from the posts of AEEs and 1/3rd cadre is manned by
those who have been promoted from the post of AEs. It appears from the record
that the entire basis for issuing the Circular dated 29.7.1997 by respondent
No.2 was that in the cadre of EEs the ratio of such officers who had been promoted
from the post of AEs had been depleted and after calculation of the posts, the
deficiency has been found to the extent of 58 vacancies and, therefore, the
vacancies should be filled in from amongst AEs only for a particular year
1997-98. The High Court, in our opinion, was right in holding that such a
direction in terms of the Circular of respondent No.2 did not find support from
the rules as Rule 7 neither refers to Schedule I which prescribes the total
strength of the cadre nor it provides anywhere further that recruitment shall
be made in a manner so as to maintain the ratio of 2/3rd and 1/3rd in the
entire cadre for a particular year. The language of Rule 7 is very clear and
unambiguous and it emphasises that after the commencement of the Rules which
came into force on 9th July, 1991, the vacancies shall be filled in a manner
provided in Schedule III. Schedule III, as earlier noticed, prescribes that the
post of EEs shall be filled in the ratio of 662/3 posts to be filled on
non-selection basis from the grade of AEEs and 33.1/3 posts have to be filled
on selection basis from the post of AEs. The expression "posts to be
filled" used in the rule clearly indicates and means that whenever any
selection is made to the post of EE, the ratio, the criteria and the essential
minimum qualifying service in terms of Schedule III shall have to be strictly
followed and adhered to and any promotion in excess of the quota will result in
breaking down the prescribed quota. Thus, the language of Rule 7 read with Schedule
III governing the service conditions has to be read harmoniously with
meaningful construction. It is not possible or advisable to interpret the ratio
of 2/3rd and 1/3rd as prescribed in Schedule IV of Rule 7 in the manner that
all the 58 posts of EEs for the year 1997- 98 should be filled in by promotion
from the cadre of AEs only.
If the claim of the appellants that all 58 posts of EEs for the year 1997-98
are to be filled in by promotion from amongst the AEs cadre only is accepted,
then the quota rule as prescribed by Rule 7 read with Schedule IV shall break
down with the result that the ratio of 2/3rd and 1/3rd prescribed in the rules
for AEEs and AEs has to be ignored and resultantly a situation may arise when
one cadre will get excess quota as compared to other feeder cadre. If we
construe the service rules in right perspective and read their provisions in a
harmonious manner then the desired result can be achieved. If the
interpretation which is sought to be given by the learned senior counsel for
the appellants is to be accepted, then it is likely to disturb the ratio in the
cadre strength of sanctioned strength. When the Rules say that posts of EEs
shall be filled in from two channels i.e. AEEs and AEs in the proportion of
662/3 and 331/3 respectively we cannot ignore the intention of the Rules.
26. On evaluation of the findings recorded by the High Court and for the
reasons discussed hereinabove, we do not find any manifest error or perversity
in the judgment of the High Court warranting interference in this appeal.
27. In the result, the appeal is, accordingly, dismissed with no order as to
costs.
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