M/S. Master Cables Pvt. Ltd Vs. State of Kerala [2007] Insc 531 (9 May 2007)
S.B. Sinha & Markandey Katju
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2407 OF 2007 [Arising out of SLP (Civil) No. 111 of 2007]
S.B. SINHA, J :
1. Leave granted.
2. Legality of a notice issued by the Deputy Commissioner of Commercial
Taxes, Kollam vis-`-vis the provisions of the Kar Vivad Samadhan Scheme, 1998
(for short "the Scheme") framed under the Finance Act, 1998 is in
question in this appeal which arises out of a judgment and order dated 3.08.2006
passed by a Division Bench of the Kerala High Court.
3. Appellant is engaged in business of manufacture and sale of insulated
electrical cable. It is registered under the Kerala General Sales Tax Act, 1963
(for short "the Act"). Assessment proceedings in respect of the
assessment years 1995-96 and 1996-97 were completed relying upon or on the
basis of the books of accounts maintained by it. An inspection, however, was
carried out in the premises of the appellant. Certain amount of unaccounted
production and sale of goods was found.
4. Appellant admittedly took recourse to the provisions of the said Scheme.
Declaration made by it thereunder was accepted.
By an order dated 14.01.2003, the earlier assessment order was set aside.
Appellant filed an appeal before the Kerala Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal. The
matter was remitted to the Deputy Commissioner for its re- examination. By an
order dated 20.05.2003, the assessment in respect of the Assessment Year
1996-97 was set aside. The said authority directed re- assessment for the year
1995-96 by an order dated 7.11.2003. Questioning the said orders, appeals were
filed by the appellant before the Tribunal which by reason of a common judgment
dated 21.12.2005 were dismissed.
Two Sales Tax revisions wee filed thereagainst before the High Court, which
by reason of the impugned judgment have been dismissed.
5. Before we embark upon the contentions raised by the appellant, we may
notice that by an order dated 15.01.2007, this Court observed:
"The question which inter alia arises for consideration in this
petition is as to whether by reason of sub-section (3) of Section 90 of the Kar
Vivadh Samadhan Scheme, 1998, as contained in the Finance Act, 1998, the State
legislation relating to the imposition of the sales tax by re-opening an
assessment under the State Sales Tax laws shall be affected or not, having
regard to Article 246 of the Constitution of India. With a view to pronounce an
authoritative judgment on the said issue, we are of the opinion that the Union
of India should also be impleaded as a party."
Pursuant thereto Union of India was impleaded as a party herein. It has
filed a counter-affidavit.
6. Mr. Huzefa Ahmadi, learned counsel appearing for the appellant, in
support of this appeal, submitted:
(i) Having regard to the provisions of Sub-section (3) of Section 90 of the
Scheme, the term "any other law for the time being in force"
must be given a wide meaning so as to cover not only the direct tax or
indirect tax envisaged thereunder but also the Sales Tax laws of the State in
the light of the provisions of Clause (3) of Article 286 of the Constitution of
India and Sub-clauses (c) and (d) of Clause (29A) of Article 366 thereof.
(ii) In any event, the purported exercise of suo motu revisional power by
the Deputy Commissioner must be held to be wholly without jurisdiction.
7. The Scheme was enacted with a view to achieve the purposes mentioned
therein, viz., recovery of tax arrears by way of settlement. It applies
provided the conditions precedent therefor are satisfied. Sub-section (3) of
Section 90 of the Scheme, whereupon reliance has been placed, reads as under:
"(3) Every order passed under sub-section (1), determining the sum
payable under this Scheme, shall be conclusive as to the matters stated therein
and no matter covered by such order shall be reopened in any other proceeding
under the direct tax enactment or indirect tax enactment or under any other law
for the time being in force."
8. "Immunity", however, is provided under Section 91 of the Scheme,
which reads as under:
"91. Immunity from prosecution and imposition of penalty in certain
cases.
The designated authority shall, subject to the conditions provided in
section 90, grant immunity from instituting any proceeding for prosecution for
any offence under any direct tax enactment or indirect tax enactment, or from
the imposition of penalty under any of such enactments, in respect of matters
covered in the declaration under section 88."
9. What is conclusive is the order passed under Sub-section (1) of Section
90 of the Scheme determining the sum payable under the Scheme.
The terms "direct tax enactment" or "indirect tax
enactment" or "any other law for the time being in force" refer
only to those statutes under which the order had been passed. Immunity, as
noticed hereinbefore, is in respect of institution of any proceeding for
prosecution of any offence under direct tax enactment or indirect tax enactment
or from imposition of penalty under any of such enactments. The terms
"direct tax enactment" and "indirect tax enactment" have
been defined under Sections 87(h) and 87(j) of the Scheme, which read as under:
"(h) "direct tax enactment" means the Wealth-tax Act, 1957
(27 of 1957) or the Gift-tax Act, 1958 (18 of 1958) or the Income-tax Act, 1961
(43 of 1961) or the Interest-tax Act, 1974 (45 of 1974) or the Expenditure tax
Act, 1987 (35 of 1987);
(j) "indirect tax enactment" means the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of
1962) or the Central Excise Act, 1944 (1 of 1944) or the Customs Tariff Act,
1975 (51 of 1975) or the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 (5 of 1986) or the
relevant Act and includes the rules or regulations made under such
enactment;"
10. Admittedly, the case of the appellant does not come within the purview
thereof. Amplitude of the provisions of the Scheme having been extended only to
the enactments made by the Parliament, having regard to the constitutional
Scheme contained in Article 246 of the Constitution of India, in our opinion,
the same cannot be extended to assessment of sales tax under a State
legislature. The legislative field to enact a law relating to sales tax is
within the exclusive domain of a State Legislature in terms of Entry 54, List
II of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. The power and
jurisdiction of the assessing authorities as also other authorities is required
to be exercised in terms of the provisions of the said Act. Power to tax, it is
well-settled, carries with it power to do all things which are necessary and
ancillary therefor including taking preventive measures in regard to evasion of
tax.
11. Once it is found that a statutory authority had the jurisdiction to
reopen a proceeding or set aside the order of the assessing authority, only the
higher authorities can interfere therewith. Only because the appellant had
taken recourse to the Scheme, the same, in our opinion, would not attract
either Sub-section (3) of Section 90 of the Scheme or Section 91 thereof so as
to cover a subject which is within the exclusive domain of the State Legislature.
In that sense, the said Scheme must be read as limited to those laws which the
Parliament has the legislative competence to enact and not which falls within
the exclusive legislative field of a State, save and except where expressly so
stated or inferred by necessary implication. A Legislature is presumed to enact
a law only within its domain of field of legislation. If the contention that
the provisions of the Scheme would also apply to tax laws created by the State
is accepted, it being beyond the legislative competence, would amount to
colourable piece of legislation.
12. Reliance placed on Clause (3) of Article 286 of the Constitution of
India, in our opinion, is misplaced. The said provision reads, thus:
"(3) Any law of a State shall, in so far as it imposes, or authorises
the imposition of,-- (a) a tax on the sale or purchase of goods declared by
Parliament by law to be of special importance in inter-State trade or commerce;
or (b) a tax on the sale or purchase of goods, being a tax of the nature referred
to in sub-clause (b), sub- clause (c) or sub-clause (d) of clause (29A) of
article 366, be subject to such restrictions and conditions in regard to the
system of levy, rates and other incidents of the tax as Parliament may by law
specify."
The said provision had to be enacted in view of the decision of this Court
in Bengal Immunity Company Limited v. State of Bihar and Others [(1955) 2 SCR
603].
Indisputably in exercise of the said power, the Parliament has the requisite
legislative competence but therefor a specific law is required to be enacted.
The Act in question neither is referable to Clause (3) of Article 286 of the
Constitution of India nor Sub-clauses (c) and (d) of Clause (29A) of Article
366 thereof. It provides only for tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
13. Strong reliance has been placed by Mr. Ahmadi on Sushila Rani (Smt) v.
Commissioner of Income Tax and Another [(2002) 2 SCC 697] and Hira Lal Hari Lal
Bhagwati v. CBI, New Delhi [(2003) 5 SCC 257].
In Sushila Rani (supra), a question arose as to whether the authority had a
power to correct clerical or arithmetical error. It was held:
"10. The appellant in the course of the declarations filed specifically
stated that any adjustment of refunds towards tax arrears of the appellant by
the Department in the earlier years without following the mandatory procedure
of Section 245 of the Act would still remain as tax arrears for the purpose of
KVSS and it is on that basis the declarations were accepted by the Department.
Having accepted the claim of the appellant on that basis, it will not be
permissible for the respondents now to turn around and take a different stand.
11. Even assuming that the authorities under KVSS have inherent powers to
correct an error of clerical or arithmetical nature, the same should be so
obvious, apparent or patent as not to admit of any debate or discussion. In
this case, the respondents have to establish adjustment of refund, which had
been made against arrears after due notice to the appellant and which is denied
by her, and hence admits of investigation of facts and serious debate on the
question. Such an error cannot be stated to be an inadvertent error of clerical
or arithmetical nature, so plain as to be rectified without much ado."
Sushila Rani (supra) has been followed in Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati (supra)
wherein it has been stated:
"18. The present case comes under the tax arrears payable under the
indirect tax enactment. Section 89 of the Kar Vivad Samadhan Scheme, 1998 deals
with particulars to be furnished in declaration and Section 90 of the Scheme
deals with the time and manner of payment of tax arrears. Sub-section (2) of
Section 90 provides that the declarant shall pay the sum determined by the
Designated Authority within thirty days of the passing of an order by the
Designated Authority and intimate the fact of such payment to the Designated
Authority along with proof thereof and the Designated Authority shall thereupon
issue the certificate to the declarant. Sub-section (3) of Section 90 of the
said Scheme provides that every order passed under sub-section (1), determining
the sum payable under this Scheme shall be conclusive as to the matters stated
therein and no matter covered by such order shall be reopened in any other
proceeding under the direct tax enactment or indirect tax enactment or under
any other law for the time being in force . Sub-section (4) of Section 90 of
the said Scheme provides that where the declarant has filed an appeal or
reference or a reply to the show-cause notice against any order or notice
giving rise to the tax arrear before any authority or tribunal or court, then,
notwithstanding anything contained in any other provisions of any law for the
time being in force, such appeal or reference or reply shall be deemed to have
been withdrawn on the day on which the order referred to in sub-section (2) is
passed.
27. On a reading of the judgment in the case of Sushila Rani 1 , it is clear
to us that if an assessee takes the option under this Scheme, he obtains
immediate immunity under any proceeding under any and all laws in force. As
such the present proceedings initiated under Section 120-B read with Section
420 of the Indian Penal Code are bad and ought to have been quashed with
immediate effect."
We need not go into the correctness or otherwise of the said decisions.
14. We may, however, notice that in State, CBI v. Sashi Balasubramanian
& Anr. [2006 (10) SCALE 541], Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati (supra) was
distinguished by this Court inter alia opining that the prosecution was
launched after a declaration was made.
In Sashi Balasubramanian (supra), this Court held:
"In any view of the matter, an immunity is granted only in respect of
offences purported to have been committed under direct tax enactment or
indirect tax enactment, but by no stretch of imagination, the same would be
granted in respect of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act. A person
may commit several offences under different Acts; immunity granted in relation
to one Act would not mean that immunity granted would automatically extend to
others. By way of example , we may notice that a person may be prosecuted for
commission of an offence in relation to property under the Indian Penal Code as
also under another Act, say for example, the Prevention of Corruption Act.
Whereas charges under the Prevention of Corruption Act may fail, no sanction
having been accorded therefor, the charges under the Penal Code would
not."
15. The question came up for consideration yet again before this Court in
Alpesh Navinchandra Shah v. State of Maharashtra and Others [(2007) 2 SCC 777]
wherein Hira Lal Hari Lal Bhagwati (supra) was distinguished by this Court
stating:
"At the time of hearing, learned Counsel for the petitioner relied upon
the case of Hiralal Harilal Bhagwati v. C.B.I (supra). According to learned
Counsel for the respondent the said relied upon case was a case of duty evasion
and appellant therein was booked by customs authority and therefore, customs
duty was paid under KVSS and further in the criminal proceedings under Section
120B and 420 IPC initiated by CBI was quashed by this Court. Therefore, it is
admitted that the above cited case is different from the present case as in the
case in hand the detention order was issued under the COFEPOSA Act against the
petitioner with objective to prevent to the nefarious activities in future.
Therefore, the immunity granted by the Settlement Commission from fine, penalty
and prosecution under the provisions of the Customs Act and
IPC have no bearing on the order of detention passed under the COFEPOSA Act.
Therefore, it is contended that the detention order issued by the Detaining
Authority is very much legal and the same needs to be upheld.
The Settlement Commission was constituted with the aim and objective of
settling the tax evasion issues and by virtue of disclosure by tax offender;
they gain immunity from fine/penalty which is otherwise mandatory under the
provisions of tax laws. But, such opportunity is only extended to one tax
offender but not available to habitual smugglers. For the persons involved in
smuggling activities, other than the provisions made for the prosecution under
the Customs Act,
1962, an equal deterrent is emphasized under the provisions of the COFEPOSA
Act, 1974 i.e. provisions for preventive detention. Such preventive detention
prohibits smugglers from indulging in further smuggling activities. In the
present case the investigation reveals the consistent involvement of the
petitioner -detenue and his brother Kamlesh Navinchandra Shah in smuggling
activities, therefore, the Detaining Authority on the basis of evidence placed
before him felt it necessary to issue the detention orders in respect of both
the detenues in order to prevent them from pre-judicial activities in future.
Accordingly the impugned order is justifiable in the eyes of law and present
Writ Petition deserves to be dismissed."
For the reasons aforementioned, the said decisions cannot be said to have
any application so far as the first contention of Mr. Ahmadi is concerned.
16. The second contention of Mr. Ahmadi, in our opinion, is also without
merit. Appellant can raise all contentions before the authorities.
The purported finding was arrived at for the purpose of resorting to the
provisions of Section 35 of the Act which reads as under:
"35. Powers of revision of the Deputy Commissioner suo motu (1) The
Deputy Commissioner may, of his own motion, call for and examine any order
passed or proceedings recorded under this Act by any officer or authority
subordinate to him other than an Appellate Assistant Commissioner which in its
opinion is prejudicial to revenue and may make such enquiry or cause such
enquiry to be made and, subject to the provisions of this Act, may pass such
order thereon as he thinks fit.
(2) The Deputy Commissioner shall not pass any order under sub-section (1)
if, (a) the time for appeal against the order has not expired;
(b) the order has been made the subject of an appeal to the Appellate
Assistant Commissioner or the Appellate Tribunal or of a revision in the High
Court; or (c) more than four years have expired after the passing of the order
referred to therein.
2A. Notwithstanding anything contained in sub- section (2), the Deputy
Commissioner may pass an order under sub-section (1) on any point which has not
been decided in an appeal or revision referred to in clause (b) of sub-section
(2), before the expiry of a period of one year from the date of the order in
such appeal or revision or before the expiry of the period of four years
referred to in clause (c) of that sub-section whichever is later.
(3) No order under this Section adversely affecting a person shall be passed
unless that person has had a reasonable opportunity of being heard."
17. We do not see any reason as to why the observations contained therein
shall not be treated to be prima facie ones and, thus, all contentions of the
parties shall remain open.
18. We have no doubt, in our mind, that the appropriate authority would
consider the matter with an open mind irrespective of any observations made for
the purpose of invocation of power under Section 35 of the Act. The Tribunal
has also noticed that the entire matter has been left open to the assessing
authority. It would, thus, not only be open to the appellant to raise all
contentions, they would also be at liberty to produce all relevant materials
before the assessing authority to show that the orders of assessment passed
earlier were legal and no deviation therefrom is warranted.
19. This appeal, thus, being devoid of any merit, is dismissed with the
aforementioned observations. In the facts and circumstances of this case,
however, there shall be no order as to costs.
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