State
of Madhya Pradesh
& Anr Vs. Bachha Lal & Anr. [2007] Insc 717 (21 June 2007)
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT & ALTAMAS KABIR
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2904 OF 2007 (Arising out of SLP (C) No. 8270 of 2005) Dr.
ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. Challenge in this appeal is the order passed by a learned Single Judge of
the Madhya Pradesh High Court. Challenge before the High Court was in a Misc.
Appeal in Civil Revision which has later converted to the Misc. Appeal relating
to the judgment dated 15.11.1995 in Civil Suit No. 4-B/92 passed by a learned
Second Additional District Judge, Shahdol deciding issue No. 7 framed in the
suit.
3. Background facts in a nutshell are as follows:
Plaintiffs/respondents are brothers carrying on business in partnership at Shahdol.
Appellant No.2 at the relevant time in the year 1981 was Sales Tax Officer in
the employment of appellant No.1 State of Madhya Pradesh. It was averred by the
plaintiffs respondents that the appellant No.1 in order to extract illegal
gratification and to pressurize the respondents, misusing the office, conducted
illegal search and seizure under the provisions of M.P. General Sales Tax Act,
1958 (hereinafter referred to as 'Act' for short). He also raised heavy demands
of tax and penalty and also got revocation of the Sales Tax registration
certificate of the appellants. The respondent No.1 also lodged a report under
Section 353 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 (in short 'I.P.C.') with the police,
resulting in prosecution of respondent No.2.
However, he was subsequently acquitted. The respondents, therefore, claimed
damages on account of malicious prosecution, as would be clear from para 10 of
the plaint.
The defendants/appellants resisted the claim. They averred that the report
lodged by defendant/appellant No.1 was not true. It was based on falsehood. It
was also pleaded that the suit was barred in view of provisions of Section 48
of the 'Act'
4. The learned trial Court framed several issues including Issue No.7 as to
whether the suit was not maintainable as against the defendant No.2 in view of
Section 48 of the Act.
5. Initially the case was fixed for recording evidence on all the issues.
However, subsequently the prayer of the appellants to try Issue No.7 as above a
preliminary issue, was accepted and after hearing the parties on the said issue
trial court held that the suit to be not maintainable.
6. The trial court held that the basic grievance of the present respondents
related to action of the present appellants' officials in making search and
alleged obstructions in the official duties. It was therefore held that the
suit was not maintainable since permission of the State Government is required
under Section 48 of the Act. Accordingly the trial court directed that suit be
permitted to be withdrawn under Order 23 Rule 1(3)(a) of the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908 (in short the 'CPC') with a liberty that they may institute
fresh suit after obtaining necessary permission from the State Government.
7. There was a challenge by respondents on the ground that the cause of
action as has been shown in the plaint was based on malicious prosecution on
the basis of the report of the defendant No. 2 under Section 353 IPC and,
therefore, the question of seeking permission under Section 48 of the Act does
not arise.
8. The High Court accepted the plea and held that Section 48 had no
application.
9. In support of the appeal it is submitted that a bare reading of Section
48 makes the position clear that the High Court's judgment is unsustainable.
10. Learned counsel for the respondent on the other hand submitted that in a
case relating to malicious prosecution the analogy of Section 197 Cr.P.C. had
to be applied and the Act has nothing to do with said jurisdiction.
11. Section 48 of the Act reads as follows:
"(1) No suit, prosecution or other proceedings shall lie against any
officer or servant of the State Government for any act done or purporting to be
done under this Act, without the previous sanction of the State Government.
(1-a) No officer or servant of the State Government shall be liable in
respect of any such act in any civil or criminal proceeding if the act was done
in good faith in the course of the execution of duties imposed on him or the
discharge of function entrusted to him by or under this Act.
(2) No suit shall be instituted against the State Government and no
prosecution or suit shall be instituted against any servant of the State
Government in respect of any thing done or intended to be done under this Act
unless the suit or prosecution has been instituted within three months from the
date of the act complained of:
(Provided that in computing the period of limitation under this sub-section,
the time taken for obtaining sanction under sub-section (1) shall be
excluded.)"
12. The language of Section 197 Cr.P.C. is somewhat different. The language
used in Section 48 of the Act relates to acts done or intended to be done under
the Act. Further sub- section 1(a) of Section 48 provides that no officer or
servant of the State Government would be liable in respect of any such Act
referring to acts referred to in sub-section (1) for which act was done in good
faith in the course of execution of duty imposed on him or discharge of
function entrusted to him by or under the Act, and the power relates both to
Civil and Criminal proceedings. Undisputedly a raid was conducted. It appears
that the raid was purportedly conducted under Section 29 of the Act. It is to
be noted that the requirements are absolute in terms of Section 48 of the Act.
It was highlighted by learned counsel for the respondent that a bare perusal of
the order of acquittal passed shows that the acquittal was purportedly recorded
on the basis of findings that the accused prevented the officials to make
search and he abused the Sales Tax Officer and its subordinates. Only on the
basis of alleged abuse and threat to him Section 353 IPC was invoked. The
reasoning related to non-recording of reasons before the search. Correctness of
such a view is open to doubt but that has really no relevance so far as present
dispute is concerned. Undisputedly the acts done were in discharge of duties
entrusted under the Act. That being so the trial court was justified in holding
that Section 48 of the Act is clearly applicable. The High Court has not
considered the relevant provisions of law in the proper perspective. The
judgment of the High Court is accordingly set aside.
13. Appeal is allowed. Costs made easy.
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