Manubhai Atabhai Vs. State of Gujarat [2007] Insc 714 (21 June 2007)
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT & P.P. NAOLEKAR
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.
1. Challenge in these appeals is to the judgment of a Division Bench of the
Gujarat High Court, disposing of two criminal appeals. The appeal filed by the
appellant (for the sake of convenience described as 'A-2') was dismissed; the
appeal filed by the State of Gujarat was allowed altering his conviction for
offence punishable under Section304 part 1 of the Indian Penal Code (in short
the 'IPC') to Section 302 IPC while maintaining the conviction for offence
punishable under Section 135 of the Bombay Police Act, 1951 (in short the
'Police Act'). The learned Additional Sessions Judge, Amerli in Sessions Case
No. 104 of 1992 directed acquittal of Atabhai (A1), Kanubhai (A3) and Rambhai
(A4) (hereinafter for the sake of convenient described as 'A1, A3 & A4').
2. As noted above, both the State and the present appellant filed appeal. By
order dated 18.4.1996 High Court dismissed the State's appeal so far as A1, A3
& A4 are concerned.
3. Background facts in a nutshell are as under:
Complainant Samnatbhai Thobhanbhai stays in Harijan- Vankarvas at Kodinar.
He had only one son namely Danabhai and they were staying together. The
accused, his father and brothers were the neighbours of the complainant. They
had some dispute regarding construction of a wall between their respective
properties. Both sides had lodged complaints prior to the incident. The accused
had planned to construct a wall and apprehending some civil litigation had also
lodged a caveat in the court and had then proceeded with construction of the
wall. On June 9, 1992, at about 6.30 7.00 a.m., Atabhai Tabhabhai came to
their house and started giving abuses. The complainant, therefore, went out and
inquired of Atabhai Tabhabhth the reason for giving abuses. This provoked
Atabhai Tabhabhai and he started giving more and more abuses and picked up a
quarrel. Around that time, Manubhai Atabhai, the appellant, came to the spot with
an open knife, Kanubhai Atabhai came there with an axe and Rambhai Atabhai had
an iron pipe in his hand. By the time these developments took place, Danabhai,
son of the complainant (hereinafter referred to as the 'deceased') came out
from the house and tried to cool down Atabhai Tabhabhai.
However, Atabhai Tabhabhai and his sons Manubhai Atabhai, Kanubhai Atabhai
and Rambhai Atabhai got annoyed. Upon provocation of Atabhai Tabhabhai,
Manubhai Atabhai gave a knife blow in the stomach of Danabhai the deceased. The
complainant intervened and therefore Kanubhai Atabhai gave an axe blow on the
head of the complaint and Rambhai Atabhai gave a pipe blow which was received
by the complainant Samatbhai Thobhanbhai on his left hand.
Atabhai Tabhabhai had caused injury on the left thigh of the complaint with
a stone. Wife of Danabhai namely Valiben and Samatbhai Thobhanbbai and
Girdharbbai Govindbhai also reached the place of incident soon thereafter and
the assailants, therefore, went away. Deceased Danabhai, Samatbhai and the
complainant were taken to the hospital where the deceased Danabhai was declared
dead. On the basis of the FIR lodged by Samatbhai Thobhanbhai, offence was
registered at C.R.No.85/92 at Kodinar Police Station, the case was investigated
upon and charge sheet was filed. Accused persons pleaded false implication.
4. The trial court placed reliance on the evidence of the eye witnesses and
recorded conviction, as noted above, of A2, the present appellant while
directing acquittal of A1, A3 & A4.High Court found that the case is
clearly one to which Section 302 IPC is applicable and on erroneous premises
the trial court had convicted the appellant under Section 304 part I IPC.
5. In support of the appeal learned counsel for the appellant submitted that
two facts have been noted by the trial court to record conviction under Section
304 Part 1 IPC they are : (1) -- -a single blow was given and no attempt was
made to give second blow. (2) There was a cross case registered. It is also
submitted that finding the prosecution version to be inadequate, three accused
persons were acquitted by the trial court which was upheld by the High Court.
6. In response, learned counsel for the State submitted that the trial
court's judgment was clearly unsustainable and it had proceeded on erroneous
premises and, therefore, High Court had rightly direct conviction of the
appellant under Section 302 IPC. The distinction between Sections 302, 304 Part
1 and 304 Part II IPC has been highlighted by this Court in several cases. The
confusion is caused if courts loose sight of the true scope and meaning of the
terms used by the legislature in Sections 300 and 304.
7. In the instant case the injury was 3cm x 2cm x 6cm about 6 cm. below
sternum and 8 cm above umbilicus. There was corresponding internal injury
causing incised wound of 2 cm on the interior border of the lever. Doctor had
opined that the lever is a vital organ of the body and the injury found on the
person of the deceased was sufficient in ordinary course of nature to cause
death.
8. The nature of intention has to be gathered from the kind of weapon used,
the part of the body hit, the amount of force employed and the circumstances
attendant upon death. In the instant case the accused had used a knife. the
blade of which had a length of 6 inches. The injury was caused just below the
stomach and had affected a vital part i.e. liver.
Knife had gone as deep as 6 cm. in the body which clearly is indicative of
the fact that blow was given with great force and the outcome of the injury was
that the deceased expired instantaneously. The deceased as it is admitted was
trying to pacify the parties and there was no part played by him in the
exchange of words which was taking place.
9. Trial court's conclusions are very confusing. For recording conviction
under Section 304 Part I IPC, the High Court recorded that it was a case of
exercise of right of private defence and only one blow was given and there was
a counter case. If it was really a case of exercise of right of private defence,
there could not have been any conviction much less under Section 304 Part I
IPC. Merely because a single blow was given that does not automatically bring
in application of Section 304 Part I IPC.
10. Trial court did not consider the various aspects highlighted by this
Court in cases relating to single blow. The cross case has really no relevance
for determining as to the nature of offence.
11. Above being the position the order of the High Court does not suffer
from any infirmity to warrant interference.
12. Appeals are dismissed.
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