Amey Co-Op.Housing
Society Ltd. Vs. Public Concern for Governance Trust & Ors. [2007] Insc 75 (1
February 2007)
Dr.AR. Lakshmanan & Altamas Kabir
(Arising out of S.L.P. (C) No.336/2006) WITH
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 410 OF 2007 (Arising out of S.L.P. (c) No.655/2006) VIJAY
ASSOCIATES (WADHWA) DEVELOPERS ..Appellant Versus PUBLIC CONCERN FOR GOVERNANCE
TRUST & ORS. .Respondents ALTAMAS KABIR,J.
Of the four Special Leave Petitions heard together by us, two have already
been disposed of and the remaining two, namely, SLP (c) Nos.336/06 and 655/06,
are being disposed of by this common judgment.
Leave granted in both the special leave petitions.
Public Concern for Governance is a registered Trust which filed a Public
Interest Litigation, being No.43/2005, in the High Court of Judicature at
Mumbai, questioning the manner in which certain residential plots in the Navi
Mumbai Municipal Area had been allotted by the City and Industrial Development
Corporation (hereinafter referred to as 'CIDCO'). CIDCO is an authority constituted
by the State of Maharashtra under the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning
Act, 1966 (hereinafter referred to as 'the MRTP Act') for development of Navi
Mumbai and other townships.
The allotments made have been challenged on various grounds. The main ground
of challenge is that the allotment and disposal of plot Nos. 24 to 29 (Nerul)
was in violation of the existing regulations regulating such allotment.
According to the writ petitioners, the Regulations provided for the
allotment of plots effected either by public advertisement, or at a fixed price
for co-operative housing societies or on individual applications. However,
tenders were to be invited as far as plots which were to be granted by public
advertisement were concerned. Since genuine co-operative housing societies are
usually unable to compete with builders in open tender, they were to be granted
plots of land at a fixed concessional rate and the buildings to be constructed
were to be used for residential purposes only.
According to the writ petitioners there is even a difference in the Floor
Space Index, (hereinafter referred to as 'the FSI').
In the case of purely residential constructions, the permitted FSI is 1,
whereas in the case of constructions to be used for both commercial and
residential purposes, the FSI is 1.5.
According to the writ petitioners the plots in question were cornered by
builders who set up dummy societies to acquire the plots and to raise
constructions thereon, which would be used both for residential and commercial
purposes, thereby making large gains for themselves and defrauding CIDCO. It is
the specific case of the writ petitioners' that having acquired the plots for
the use of co-operative housing societies with FSI 1, the builders who are the
only entrepreneurs in the construction project, sought to convert these plots
for commercial use with FSI 1.5, thereby causing wrongful loss to CIDCO to the
extent of Rs.36 crores.
In support of their case, the writ petitioners relied on two Resolutions
adopted by the Board of Directors of CIDCO, being Nos. 8848 adopted on 23rd October, 2003 and 8886 adopted on 25th November, 2003, respectively. By the first
Resolution, a deviation was made from the normal mode of allotting plots by
fixing the rate for plots to be allotted to the co-operative housing societies
(with 1 FSI and purely for residential purposes). The said Resolution reads as
follows:- "RESOLUTION NO.8848 RESOLVED THAT the Board do and hereby
approve the Proposal to fix the rate for plots to Co-operative Housing
Societies (with 1 FSI and purely for residential purpose) without inviting
tender in various developed, developing and new nodes except Kalamboli in Navi
Mumbai at fixed rate as mentioned in column No.5 of Table No.1 and Table 2 of
the Board Agenda Note (subject to the modification that in respect of society
plots situated on smaller roads of 7 to 11 meters the base price shall be
enhanced by 30% (instead of 40%) in respect of Nodes specified in Table 2). The
rate of Co-operative housing societies in case of Kalamboli node, however,
would be same as base price, i.e.
Rs.2940/m2".
RESOLVED FURTHER THAT this policy be implemented only after verifying the
genuineness of the Society.
RESOLVED FURTHER THAT the Vice Chairman &
Managing Director/Chief Economist/Marketing Manager I/Marketing
Manager-II/Marketing Manager III be and are hereby authorized to implement the
Resolution.
RESOLVED FURTHER THAT this decision be implemented without waiting for
confirmation of the Minutes.
TO CHEFCO Date 29.10.2003 Approved by the Board vide Resolution NO.8848
Dated 23/10/2003 subject to modifications shown above. Draft Agenda
Note/Underlying Papers/Files,Etc. are returned herewith.
Sd/- 29.10.2003 Chief Secretary."
By virtue of the aforesaid Resolution, CIDCO decided to allot plots of land
to co-operative housing societies with 1 FSI, purely for residential purposes
without inviting tenders, in various developed and developing and new nodes,
except Kalamboli, in Navi Mumbai. Certain other conditions were also indicated,
which would all be subject to verification of the genuineness of the society.
Resolution No.8886 approved the proposal contained in paragraph two of the
Agenda Note subject to certain amendments relating to change in some of the
terminologies used in the said Note.
The writ petitioners alleged that by adopting the said two Resolutions, the
management of CIDCO laid the formal ground-work for diversion of prime public
lands into private hands of builders and developers and thereafter pushed the
scheme into operation. The writ petitioners went on to contend that even the
scheme contained in the two Resolutions referred to above had not been
published, as was required under Regulation 3 of the 1995 Regulations which
provides that :
"The Corporation may, subject to availability of lands, publish a
scheme to invite applications from persons intending to promote and registered
the co-operative housing society in accordance with and subject to the Maharashtra
Co-operative Societies Act, 1960 and the Rules made thereunder."
The next ground of attack in the writ petitions is that Resolution No.8848
provides that the policy indicated therein should be implemented only after
verifying the genuineness of the society which entailed the filing of an
affidavit showing the continuous residence of the applicant in Maharashtra
State for a period of 15 years, which was to be supported by documentary
evidence, such as ration cards, passports, domicile certificates etc., together
with a declaration that the member concerned had no other dwelling unit in Navi
Mumbai. As was pointed out by the High Court while considering the writ
applications, the two Resolutions read together showed that CIDCO had decided
to allot residential plots with 1 FSI at fixed rates to genuine societies whose
members would have to be verified by an affidavit supported by documentary
evidence and upon the understanding that their memberships would not be
transferred for a specified period. The writ petitioners pointed out that the
plots involved in these appeals were initially allotted to the respondent Nos.5
to 10 in Civil Appeal arising out of SLP (c) No. 655 of 2006, each being
allotted one plot at a fixed price. According to the writ petitioners none of
these societies were genuine housing societies and were dummy creations of
Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers.
During the hearing of the writ petition, it was shown that the respondent
Nos. 5 to 10 had all applied by way of almost identical applications, each of
which was by way of a "request for allotment". All the said
applications were addressed to the then Chief Minister of Maharashtra and not
to CIDCO, which being a statutory corporation, had a separate legal existence.
It was pointed out that all the said applications except for one, contained an
endorsement of the Chief Minister "to put up the applications" and
had been processed with undue haste on the recommendation of the Managing
Director of CIDCO.
What was sought to be conveyed by the above is that all the applications
were made pursuant to the two aforesaid Resolutions adopted by the Board and
the same were immediately processed and allotments were made in a great hurry
though it would be clear from all the applications that they had been filed by
one and the same person or organization. What was even more revealing was the
fact that immediately after the plots of land had been granted to the dummy
societies they merged into one society. It was alleged before the High Court
that not one of the 493 members of the dummy societies had spent a single
paisa, either for becoming members or towards acquisition of the land and
constructions costs. The entire amount of earnest money, lease rent and
construction costs till date, totaling about Rs.55 crores, was said to have
been spent by the builders alone. From the materials on record, it was pointed
out that having sub-divided one plot into six plots and after having allotted
one plot to each of the six applicant societies, on or about 13th July, 2004,
the said societies made an application for amalgamation of the said plots on
29th August, 2004 and CIDCO consented to amalgamate the plots for development
within two days thereafter on 31st August, 2004.
Ultimately, the said six societies were amalgamated to form Amey
Co-operative Housing Society Limited on 17th January, 2005. Thereafter, a
Memorandum of Understanding for development was executed by each of the six
societies with Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers, being the appellant in the
Civil Appeal arising out of SLP (C) No.655/2006, on 30th August, 2004, i.e the
day after consent was given by CIDCO for amalgamation.
The writ petitioners alleged that although Amey Co- operative Housing
Society Limited submitted the Scheme for Amalgamation to the Joint Registrar of
Co-operative Societies on 14th September, 2004 and such merger was allowed only
on 17th January, 2005, the Municipal Corporation issued a Commencement
Certificate dated 17th September, 2004 to the amalgamated society requiring the
applicant to give notice to the Corporation on completion of the construction
up to the plinth level and prior to the taking up of commencement of further
work.
It is alleged that M/s. Vijay Associates commenced construction on behalf of
the societies up to the 4th floor level without giving such notice, which
impelled the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) to issue a stop work
notice on 18th December, 2004. Of course, on behalf of the societies it was
contended that the stop work notice had been issued because the amalgamation of
the six societies had not been effected till then and that the same was only a
technical requirement which was satisfied once the amalgamation was completed
on 17th January , 2005.
The writ petitioners also contended that the use of six plots as one
amalgamated plot before such amalgamation was allowed, reveals that the
construction work on all the six plots was under the complete control of Vijay
Associates (Wadhwa) Developers. It was pointed out that Amey Co- operative
Society Limited entered into a Final Development Agreement with Vijay
Associates (Wadhwa ) Developers on 31st December, 2004 even before
amalgamation. Under the said Agreement, Amey Co-operative Housing Society
Limited authorized Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers to develop the six
amalgamated plots and executed an irrevocable power of attorney in favour of
the nominees of Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers. It was also pointed out
that under the Terms of Agreement, it was declared that certain members of the
societies had resigned their membership and that Vijay Associates (Wadhwa)
Developers would be entitled to recommend new members in their place for which
permission of CIDCO would have to be obtained by the respondent No. 6. The
agreement also made provision for transfer of membership and new members desiring
to acquire a new flat in the new construction would be provided such flat upon
payment of such consideration as may be mutually agreed upon.
It was the contention of the writ petitioners that every single old member
was to be eliminated to make place for new members. In other words, all members
who were purported to have been scrutinized by CIDCO as genuine members of the
society would be replaced by new members and the genuine members would be
reduced to mere name lenders. The writ petitioners contended that the initial
members of the six societies were connected with Vijay Associates (Wadhwa)
Developers in some way or the other and merely lent their names to enable the
said respondent to acquire the plots in question by such dubious means and, in
fact, it would be evident right from the inception that it was only the
proprietor/chairman of the said respondent who was in control of the entire
plan.
It was contended that most of the proposed members of the six societies
appeared to be hutment dwellers in the Navi Mumbai area and from their
occupation appeared to be labourers working in the markets that have come up in
the area.
As indicated hereinbefore, what was intended to be conveyed by the writ
petitioners is that the respondent No.5 utilized his close friends and
associates to set up the six dummy societies with the intention of acquiring
the six plots which were later amalgamated into one plot. By adopting the
aforesaid procedure, Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers with the help of
certain officials of CIDCO obtained control of the six plots but not for the
purpose for which they were intended.
Having regard to the restrictions on transfer and the transfers effected by
the societies of all their rights in favour of the said respondent, CIDCO gave
a notice to the societies on 28th February, 2005 terminating their lease and
resuming the land. In reply, it was contended on behalf of the societies that
since only an agreement to lease had been executed in favour of Vijay
Associates (Wadhwa) Developers, the restrictions regarding transfer and
assignment did not apply and accordingly CIDCO was not entitled to enforce its
rights under the Agreement of Lease to terminate the lease and to evict the
societies and to resume the said plots. It was pointed out that CIDCO had
accepted the stand taken on behalf of the societies and did not take any
further steps pursuant to its notice dated 28th February, 2005.
In addition, it was contended that although amalgamated plot No.24 was meant
for residential use, Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers divided the plot into
Block 1 and Block 2 in its Development Plan. Block 2 is retained for
residential use while Block 1 is proposed to be developed for commercial use.
The user of the plot both for residential as well as commercial purposes was in
violation of the Master Plan for the area as genuine co-operative societies
were allotted plots only for residential purposes and not for commercial
exploitation as well.
Yet another breach of the rules for the purpose of favouring the said
respondent was that although under Rule 3 (1) CIDCO was required to publish a
scheme to invite applications from persons intending to promote co-operative
housing societies, no such scheme was published and the plots in question were
allotted to the six different co-operative housing societies merely on their
applications made to the Chief Minister. It was urged that in the present case,
the entire development is against the letter and spirit of the CIDCO (Lease of
Land to Co-operative Housing Society) Regulations, 1995, which were framed for
the disposal of land by CIDCO as the developing authority under Section 118 of
the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966. It was contended that on
account of the manipulations effected in order to favour Vijay Associates (Wadhwa)
Developers, CIDCO incurred a loss of about Rs.10,000/- per sq.mt. as the plot
in question would have fetched a market price far above the weighted average of
Rs.10,743/- for the said plot. Reference was made to a report of a committee
set up by the State Government, popularly known as the Shankaran Committee,
which estimated CIDCO's losses on account of the aforesaid transaction of going
into Rs.35 crores.
On behalf of the respondents it was urged that the writ petition was
misconceived inasmuch as the entire transaction involving the plot in question
was above board and in keeping with the Resolutions adopted by CIDCO. It was
argued that all the members of the six different co- operative societies were
genuine members and the societies were genuine societies of persons eager to
acquire residential accommodation for themselves. It was denied that the said
members were mere name-lenders who had been set up by Vijay Associates (Wadhwa)
Developers only with a view to acquire the plot in question. It was also
reiterated that no transfer had, in fact, been effected in favour of the said
respondent who had been retained in common by all the members of the six
societies which amalgamated into one society as a matter of convenience for the
purpose of development of the said plot on behalf of the members of the
co-operative societies. Since the said respondent would be investing both money
and labour in the project, it was agreed that a certain portion of the
construction would be made available to it for its own use.
It was further contended that during the course of allotment and
commencement of construction, some of the members had chosen to opt out of the
scheme which necessitated the empowerment of the said respondent to recommend
the induction of new members in place of the outgoing members.
It was also contended that the construction being raised on the plot in
question was in keeping with the sanction which had been granted by the NMMC
and the stop work notice which had been issued by the Corporation was only on
account of the fact that amalgamation of the six co- operative societies had
not been completed till then.
Subsequently, the stop work order was revoked and construction had
progressed up to the 9th floor involving investment of large sums of money.
It was also submitted on behalf of the respondents that since the writ
petitioners had raised an allegation of under valuation and financial loss to
CIDCO, an independent valuation could be made to ascertain the loss, if any, on
account of the transaction and to compensate CIDCO to that extent.
The submissions made on behalf of the respondents did not find favour with
the High Court which appeared to be convinced that the respondents had indulged
in fraudulent and illegal activities which could not be accepted by the Court.
Referring to several judgments of this Court cited both on behalf of the
appellants as well as the respondents, the High Court arrived at the conclusion
that the allotments made in favour of the six societies were liable to be
quashed and there was no question of regularizing the same. The High Court held
that having accepted the writ petitioners' prayer for quashing the allotments
made in favour of the respondent Nos. 5 to 10, with a further direction to stop
the construction activities, there was no question of considering the alternate
prayer made for obtaining a fresh valuation and compensating CIDCO to the
extent of its losses, if any.
On the basis of its aforesaid conclusion, the High Court quashed the
allotments made to the six housing societies, i.e. the respondents Nos. 5 to 10
herein, by letters of intent issued by CIDCO dated 26th March, 2004 and 6th May, 2004.
All rights of the persons who had entered into agreements concerning
development of the plots nos. 24 to 29, including those of the six housing
societies, Amey Co-operative Housing Society Limited which is the amalgamated
society and successor to the six housing societies, and Vijay Associates (Wadhwa)
Developers would stand extinguished.
The said respondent along with its agents and servants were permanently injuncted
and restrained from entering upon, remaining in and/or putting up any
construction on the said plots. In addition to the above, the entire
construction on the said plots Nos. 24 to 29 was to stand forfeited and vested
in CIDCO. CIDCO was permitted to enter upon the land and take over the entire
construction and appoint its security personnel to guard it. The Navi Mumbai
Municipal Corporation was directed to examine as to whether the construction
could be regularized and CIDCO was directed to move the Municipal Corporation
for that purpose. A further direction was given that if in the opinion of the
Municipal Corporation the construction could not be regularized then CIDCO would
pull it down and recover its costs for pulling down the structure as well as
the removal of debris from Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers.
Thereafter, CIDCO would decide whether the plot with constructions should be
allotted to genuine housing societies or whether the plot and construction
shall be allotted to a builder to be decided by the process of inviting tender.
In the event, CIDCO decided that the plot should go to genuine housing
societies, it would have to issue an advertisement accordingly and on receiving
offers based on the construction cost with appropriate municipal charges it
could take necessary decision for allotment.
Several other directions were also given by the High Court while making the
rule absolute with costs to be paid by Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers to
the petitioners assessed at Rs.1 lakh.
It is the aforesaid judgment of the Bombay High Court which has been
assailed in these appeals.
The first of the two appeals has been filed by Amey Co- operative Housing
Society which is the amalgamated society of the six co-operative societies and
had been made respondent No.6 in the writ petition. The second appeal has been
filed by Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers which had been impleaded as
respondent No.4 in the writ application.
When the Special Leave Petition filed by Amey Co- operative Housing Society
Limited (SLP (c) No.336/2206) was taken up for consideration on 12th January,
2006, this Court had directed the continuance of the interim order granted by
the High Court till 20th January, 2006. On the returnable date the second
Special Leave Petition (C) No.655/2006 filed by Vijay Associates (Wadhwa)
Developers, was also taken up for consideration along with the earlier special
leave petition filed by Amey Co-operative Housing Society Limited and this
Court directed notice to issue on both the Special Leave Petitions. In
addition, an interim order was passed whereby it was directed that there would
be no construction, no sale and no creation of third party rights. CIDCO was
directed to take symbolic possession of the entire property and the interim
order passed by the High Court when the Writ Petition was disposed of
subsequent to the impugned order, was directed to continue.
Mr. Fali Nariman, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellants in the
appeal filed by Amey Co-operative Housing Society Limited, reiterated the
submissions which had been made before the High Court.
In addition to the above, it was also submitted that the State Government
had directed the then Addl. Chief Secretary (Planning), Dr. D.K. Shankaran, to
conduct a discreet inquiry into the affairs of CIDCO during the tenure of Shri
V.M. Lal, Vice Chairman and Managing Director, pertaining to allotment of plots
in Navi Mumbai.
Pursuant to such direction, the Shankaran Committee submitted a detailed
report on 1st April, 2005 to the Government wherein it was opined that the
prevailing market rate in the prime residential areas of Navi Mumbai at the
relevant time, including the plots in question, was not less than Rs.21,000/-
per sq. mt. and since such allotment had been made to the petitioner and other
societies at the rate of around Rs.10,500/- per sq. mt., CIDCO had suffered a
loss of about Rs.35 crores. It was the stand of the Government that it was also
the writ petitioner's case in the writ petition that in case of plots where
construction had been completed or had reached an advanced and irreversible
stage, the CIDCO should recover from the contractors and developers and the
co-operative societies the difference between the market value and the price
charged to the applicant society. This, in fact, was prayer 'C' in the writ
petition. Consequently, according to the State Government it was absolutely
essential that an independent valuation be done by an independent valuer to
make a valuation report of the market price of the plots in question for the
relevant period as this was the only way in which the real loss, if any, caused
to and suffered by CIDCO could be ascertained and steps could be taken to
recover the same from the concerned parties.
Mr. Nariman urged that having made allegations against the then Chairman and
Managing Director of CIDCO, the writ petitioners should have made him a party
to the proceedings as the said allegations could not have been adjudicated in
his absence. It was urged that not having made Mr. V.M .Lal a party respondent,
the only public interest that the writ petitioners could serve by way of public
interest litigation was to ensure that no financial loss was caused to CIDCO in
the transaction involving allotment of the said plots in favour of the
respondent Nos. 5 to 10. According to Mr. Nariman instead of welcoming the
suggestion for appointment of an independent valuer, the writ petitioners quite
surprisingly opposed such a suggestion and the same was duly recorded by the
High Court. Mr. Nariman submitted that had the independent valuation been
allowed and if it had resulted in a valuation which was much higher than Rs.10,500/-
per sq. mt. , it would have supported the writ petitioners' case.
It was pointed out that the plot had been advertised with best price of
Rs.10,000/- per sq. mt. but no offers had been were received by CIDCO
consequent upon the said advertisement. The same plot was subsequently offered
under the Board Resolution No.8848 at the flat fixed rate of Rs.10063/-. As
against the above, the respondents societies paid for the plots at the rate of
Rs.10,500/- per sq. mt.
It was submitted that though in the Writ Petition it had been alleged that
the two aforesaid Resolutions had been adopted surreptitiously, the same were
neither challenged in the Writ Petition nor cancelled, nor was any finding
arrived at by the High Court in that regard.
Referring to an observation made in the report of the Shankaran Committee
that if the plots in question had been sold by way of calling tenders, CIDCO
would have fetched a considerably higher price of Rs.21,000/- per sq. mt. or
above, Mr. Nariman submitted that the such observation disregards the two
aforesaid Resolutions of the Board, and, in any event, there was no material
before the Shankaran Committee in support of the presumed higher valuation of
Rs.21,000/- per sq. mt.. On the other hand, the only direct evidence of the
market value of the plots before the Division Bench was the valuation report of
Government Approved Valuer, A.P. Maniar and Nanavati, where the value of the
land was assessed at Rs.10,150/- per sq.mt. as on March 2004. It was urged that
none of the parties had either controverted the correctness of the report nor
had the same been adverted to by the Division Bench of the Bombay High Court.
It was then submitted that except for bald allegations there was also
nothing on record to support the allegation that the six co-operative
societies, which later merged to form an amalgamated society, were not genuine
co-operative societies and had been set up by Vijay Associates (Wadhwa)
Developers with persons who were mere name-lenders.
Mr. Nariman urged that the 1995 Regulations empowered CIDCO to promote and register
co-operative housing societies in accordance with the provisions of the Maharashtra
Co-operative Societies Act, 1960. Regulation 3 of the said Regulations reads as
follows:- "The Corporation may, subject to the availability of lands,
publish a scheme to invite applications from persons intending to promote and
register the co- operative housing society in accordance with and subject to
the Maharashtra Co- operative Societies Act, 1960 and the Rules made thereunder:"
In any event, CIDCO had all along proceeded on the basis that there were two
methods for allotment of lands, (i) under the 1995 Regulations in which the
expression "may"
appears and (ii) by CIDCO itself passing a resolution under Clause 4 of the
New Bombay Disposal of Lands Regulations, 1975, which applied to all lands of
the Corporation. Mr.
Nariman contended that the said Regulations had a statutory flavour having
been made under Section 159 (1) (a) of the Maharashtra Regional and Town
Planning Act, 1966.
In particular reference was made to Clause 4 which deals with the manner of
disposal of lands by CIDCO and reads as follows:- "4. Manner of disposal
of land. The Corporation may dispose plots of land by public auction or tender
or by considering individual applicants as the Corporation may determine from
time to time."
According to Mr. Nariman, the Corporation decided to consider the cases of
individual applicants in terms of the Board Resolution Nos. 8848 and 8886
referred to above. He also urged that the Regulations of 1975 and 1995 were
complementary to each other and their provisions did not militate against each
other.
Mr. Nariman concluded by urging that the entire transaction was above-board
and in keeping with the existing regulations and there was no intention to
cause any loss to CIDCO. If, however, the Court is convinced that the
transaction had been undervalued, it would be appropriate to obtain a fresh
valuation and to pass orders to compensate CIDCO in the event such
under-valuation is at all established. According to Mr. Nariman, the directions
ultimately given by the High Court for cancellation of the allotments in favour
of the respondent Nos. 5 to 10 and forfeiture of the constructions already
raised were highly draconian and were liable to be set aside. It was urged that
the constructions having reached up to the 9th floor level, the writ
petitioners themselves were not convinced that such a direction could be given
and accordingly included prayer 'C' which provided for adequate compensation to
CIDCO for the alleged loss suffered by it, from which position the writ
petitioners were now trying to resile. Mr. Nariman submitted that the judgment
of the High Court disclosed a very pedantic and unrealistic approach without
considering the ground realities and the fact that the writ petitioners had
allowed expenses to be incurred and the constructions to be raised up to a
certain point before moving the Court.
Mr. Nariman urged that the appellants were ready and willing to have the
plots revalued by a Government Valuer and to compensate CIDCO in the event the
transactions were found to be under-valued.
The learned Advocate General of Maharashtra, Mr. Ravi Kadam, submitted that
the State Government was not in favour of forfeiture of the lands and the
constructions raised thereon on account whereof the respondents had already
incurred expenditure to the tune of almost Rs.55 crores.
The learned Advocate General urged that while a sum of Rs.38 crores had been
spent on acquisition of the plots, a further sum of Rs.17 crores had been spent
on the construction raised thereupon. It was contended that the construction
was commenced after Commencement Certificate had been obtained from the
municipal authorities and hence the same could not be said to be illegal.
As to the appointment of the Shankaran Committee, the learned Advocate
General submitted that pursuant to the report submitted by the Committee, the
State Government directed CIDCO to issue show cause notices for cancellation in
respect of allotments made to some of the societies. In fact, 14 of the grants
were cancelled, while three cases were regularized. There were still a few
allotments which were under scrutiny. In any event, the Shankaran Committee
report was treated by the State Government to be a preliminary report and not
conclusive and as far as the respondent Nos. 5 to 10 herein were concerned, the
allotments were made to them as per the rules and regulations and not in any
clandestine manner as had been suggested on behalf of the writ petitioners.
On behalf of Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers, the appellants in the
appeal arising out of SLP (C) No. 655/2006, Mr. Mukul Rohatgi contended that
the report of the Shankaran Committee on which reliance had been placed by the
Court, had not been made available to the parties and was not even made part of
the records. It was submitted that consequently no reliance should have been
placed on the said report.
Mr. Rohatgi next contended that the regulations would have no application to
the case of the respondent co- operative societies as no scheme, which was one
of the methods for allotment of plots, had been published by CIDCO. On the
other hand, CIDCO acted in terms of its Board Resolutions which have not been
challenged in the writ petition.
Mr. Rohatgi submitted that at all stages CIDCO had followed the rules and
regulations and it would be unfair to attribute any bias to its officers
involved in the allotment of plots in the Navi Mumbai Township Area. It was
pointed out that since the Chief Minister was the ex-officio Chairman of CIDCO,
applications for allotment of plots were often made to him directly and were
thereafter routed to the concerned officials of CIDCO. There was nothing
extra-ordinary in the applications having been made by the respondent-societies
to the Chief Minister which were then endorsed to the officials of the
Corporation.
Mr. Rohatgi also urged that if at all any loss had been caused to CIDCO on
account of under-valuation of the plots, the reasonable course of action would
be to have the plots re-valued and in case it was found that they had been
under- valued, the respondent - co-operative societies could be directed to
compensate CIDCO to that extent. The order passed by the High Court would cause
extreme hardship to the respondents and their members and would discourage the
object for which CIDCO had been created.
Mr. Rohatgi concluded on the note that in the instant case no public
interest was involved and the instant litigation had been resorted to possibly
to satisfy a grudge.
He urged that as had been observed by this Court in Dattaraj Nathuji Thaware
vs. State of Maharashtra, reported in (2005) 1 SCC 590, 'public interest
litigation' is a weapon which has to be used with great care and circumspection
and the Judiciary has to be extremely careful to see that behind the beautiful
veil of public interest, an ugly private malice, vested interest and/or
publicity seeking is not lurking.
The submissions advanced on behalf of the appellants in the two appeals were
reiterated by Mr. Altaf Ahmed, learned senior counsel appearing for CIDCO.
Referring to various provisions of the Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act,
1966, Mr. Ahmed submitted that the Corporation had filed an affidavit before
the Bombay High Court through its Marketing Manager wherein it had been stated
that CIDCO is the statutory agency of the State Government and since the State
Government had shown its readiness to accept the valuation through an
independent valuer, the CIDCO had no objection to the same. In other words, Mr.
Ahmed also supported the suggestion made on behalf of the respondent that an
independent government valuer be appointed to re-value the plots in question
and in case of under-valuation, the concerned co-operative societies be
directed to make good the loss to CIDCO.
On behalf of the writ petitioners-respondent No.1 Mr.
Chander Uday Singh, learned senior counsel, forcefully and pain stakingly
reiterated the submissions that had been made at the time of the hearing of the
writ petition before the High Court. He emphasized the manner in which CIDCO
had received applications from the six co-operative societies, being the
respondent Nos. 5 to 10 herein, and also the manner in which they were
processed on a priority basis with the intention of favouring Vijay Associates
(Wadhwa) Developers who would not have otherwise been able to procure the said
plots for development. Mr. Singh reiterated the case of the writ petitioners
that the said respondent had set up dummy co-operative societies with members
who had no intention of acquiring any residential accommodation in the
buildings to be constructed, with the sole intention of acquiring the six plots
for commercial exploitation by replacing all the original members with persons
of its choice on mutual understanding.
Referring to the applications which had been made by the respondent Nos. 5
to 10, Mr. Singh submitted that it would be obvious that all the said
applications had been made by one and the same person and had been processed
with unusual haste. Even the Corporation seemed to appreciate the urgency
involved by granting Commencement Certificate to the appellant, Amey Co
-operative Housing Society Limited, even before the six co- operative societies
had been amalgamated. Mr .Singh urged that the aforesaid actions on the part of
CIDCO as well as the Municipal Authorities are eloquent expressions of favouritism
shown to M/s. Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers Limited for reasons best
known to the parties.
Mr. Singh urged that the Bombay High Court had pierced the veil in
scrutinizing the allotment of the six plots in favour of the respondent
co-operative societies, and had after a correct assessment of the entire
matter, directed drastic action to be taken against the perpetrators of the
fraud in order to prevent a recurrence of such fraudulent activity in future.
As far as prayer 'C' of the writ petition is concerned, Mr. Singh submitted
that the same was made in the alternative, in the event, the construction had
reached an irreversible stage. In the instant case, since the main relief had
been granted by the Bombay High Court, the said alternative prayer lost its
significance.
Mr. Singh urged that Mr. V.M. Lal, the then Managing Director of CIDCO, who
had appeared and made submissions in person in the appeal filed by him, had
admitted that it was not the intention of the Board to deny housing rights in Navi
Mumbai to those who did not completely answer the eligibility criteria,
notwithstanding the fact that the conditions laid down by the Board had not
been followed.
Mr. Singh submitted that however drastic may be the consequences of the High
Court's directions, no ground had been made out for interference with the same
and the appeals were liable to be dismissed.
Considering the enormity of the expenses which had already been incurred in
the development of the said six plots and having further regard to the fact
that the construction had been raised up to and beyond the 4th floor when the
writ petition was moved, we are of the view that even though the High Court was
satisfied that undue favour had been shown to the respondent co-operative
societies and M/s. Vijay Associates (Wadhwa) Developers, the directions given
for forfeiture of the land and the constructions raised thereupon were
unrealistic, particularly when an alternate prayer had been made for a fresh
valuation of the plots for the purpose of compensating CIDCO in the event the
plots were found to have been under-valued.
We cannot lose sight of the fact that the writ petition had been filed by
way of a public interest litigation to remedy a wrong that may have been
committed, but not to extract the proverbial pound of flesh. There are ample
facts to support the case of the writ petitioners that undue advantage had been
shown to the concerned co-operative societies and in the bargain to M/s. Vijay
Associates (Wadhwa) Developers Limited, but the writ petitioner Trust
approached the Court with its grievance when the construction was already under
way with the due sanction of the Municipal Authorities and huge expenses had
already been incurred.
In our view, the more pragmatic approach of the High Court would have been
to take recourse to the relief prayed for in prayer 'C' of the writ petition
and to have the plots re- valued by an independent government valuer and to
compensate CIDCO in respect of any loss that may have been caused to it on
account of under-valuation of the said plots.
Apart from the above, the Bombay High Court could have also imposed suitable
penalties to discourage similar transactions in future instead of taking
recourse to such drastic measures such as forfeiture along with cancellation of
the allotments.
We, therefore, allow the appeals and set aside the directions given by the
Bombay High Court in its impugned judgment. The State Government is directed to
cause a fresh valuation of all the plots in question as on the date on which
the allotments were made, with notice to the petitioner and the
respondent-co-operative societies through an independent government valuer and
in the event the value is found to be higher than that paid by the
respondent-co- operative societies, the difference in value will be paid by Amey
Co-operative housing Society Limited, the appellant in Civil Appeal arising out
of SLP (c) No.336/2006 to CIDCO, within one month of the demand being made for
payment of the same. Till such time as the difference is not paid, the order of
injunction passed by this Court on 20th January, 2006, shall continue.
Once such valuation is effected and payment, if any, is made, the injunction
shall stand revoked and the respondent co-operative societies will be entitled
to continue with the construction work. Needless to say the Navi Mumbai
Municipal Authorities will be entitled to take appropriate action against the
respondents concerned in the event the construction is found to have violated
any of the Building Rules or the Plan as sanctioned by the Municipality.
The appeals are thus disposed of with costs to the respondent No.1 assessed
at Rs.25,000/-.
Back
Pages: 1 2