State
of Himachal Pradesh & Ors Vs. Surinder Singh Banolta
[2006] Insc 864 (24
November 2006)
S.B.
Sinha & Markandey Katju
(Arising
out of SLP (C) No. 7381 of 2005) WITH
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 5187 OF 2006 (Arising out of SLP (C) No. 22043 of 2005) S.B. Sinha,
J.
Leave
granted.
Constitution
of India is suprema lex. Part IX of the
Constitution of India was inserted by Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment)
Act, 1992.
Article
243B mandates that there shall be constituted in every State, Panchayats at the
village, intermediate and district levels in accordance with the provisions of
the said Part. Part IX speaks of composition of panchayats (Article 243C),
reservation of seats (Article 243D), and duration of panchayats (Article 243E).
It also provides for disqualifications for membership in terms of Article 243F
stating:
"243F.
Disqualifications for membership.—
(1) A
person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, a member of a Panchayat—
(a) if
he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the
purposes of elections to the Legislature of the State concerned:
Provided
that no person shall be disqualified on the ground that be is less than
twenty-five years of age, if he has attained the age of twenty-one years;
(b) if
he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the Legislature of the State.
(2) If
any question arises as to whether a member of a Panchayat has become subject to
any of the disqualifications mentioned in clause (1), the question shall be
referred for the decision of such authority and in such manner as the
Legislature of a State may, by law, provide." Article 243O of the
Constitution of India imposes a bar to interference by courts in electoral
matters stating:
"243O.
Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.--Notwithstanding anything
in this Constitution—
(a)
the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the
allotment of seals to such constituencies made or purporting to be made under
article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court;
(b) no
election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election
petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by
or under any Law made by the legislature of a State." The State of Haryana pursuant to the constitutional
mandate as noticed hereinbefore enacted the Himachal Pradesh Panchayati Raj
Act, 1994 (for short "the Act"). Chapter IX of the Act lays down
general provisions relating to incorporation, duration, territorial constituencies
of panchayat and qualifications, etc. of office-bearers. Section 122 of the Act
provides for disqualifications, the relevant provisions whereof read as under:
"122(1)
: A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being, an office
bearer, of a Panchayat
(a) if
he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the
purposes of the election to the State Legislature:
Provided
that no person shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less than 25
years, if he has attained the age of 21 years;
(b) *
* * (c) if he has encroached upon any land belonging to, or taken on lease or
requisitioned by or on behalf of, the State Government, a Municipality, a Panchayat
or a Co-operative Society unless a period of six years has elapsed since the
date on which he is ejected therefrom or he ceases to be the encroacher; or * *
*
(2)
The question whether a person is or has become subject to any of the
disqualifications under sub-section (1), shall after giving an opportunity to
the person concerned of being heard, be decided
(i) if
such question arises during the process of an election, by an officer as may be
authorized in this behalf by the State Government, in consultation with the
State Election Commission; and
(ii) if
such question arises after the election process is over, by the Deputy
Commissioner." Chapter IX deals with the officers and staff of panchayats.
Clause (f) of Section 159 defines "election" to mean an election to
fill an office under the provisions of the Act. Section 162 of the Act, in tune
with the provisions of Article 243O of the Constitution of India provides that
no election under the Act will be called in question except by an election
petition presented in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XI.
Sections
163 of the Act reads as under:
"163(1)
Any elector of a Panchayat may, on furnishing, the prescribed security in the
prescribed manner, present within thirty days of the publication of the result,
on one or more of the grounds specified in sub-section (1) of section 175, to
the authorized officer an election petition in writing against the election of
any person under this Act.
(2)
The election petition shall be deemed to have been presented to the authorized
officer
(a) when
it is delivered to him
(i) by
the person making the petition; or
(ii) by
a person authorized in writing in this behalf by the person making petition; or
(b) when
it is sent by registered post and is delivered to the authorized officer or any
other person empowered to receive it." Section 174 of the Act provides for
jurisdiction of the court to pass order in the manner laid down therein after
inquiring into the election petition by the authorized officer.
Section
175 of the Act provides for the grounds upon which an election petition can be
dismissed or an election can be set aside.
Respondent
herein was elected as a member of Zilla Parishad. The result of election was
declared on 5.01.2001. An application was filed by Respondent No. 2 Daulat Ram
before the Deputy Commissioner, Shimla District alleging that as he, having
been declared an encroacher within the meaning of the provisions of Sections 4
and 7 of the Himachal Pradesh Public Premises (Rent Recovery and Land Eviction)
Act, 1971 was disqualified to hold the elected post and, thus, should not be
allowed to continue therein. The Deputy Commissioner took cognizance of the
said complaint and by reason of an order dated 4.06.2002 declared Respondent
No. 1 as disqualified for being chosen as a member of the Zilla Parishad and
consequently his election was set aside.
It is
not in dispute that a proceeding under the Himachal Pradesh Land Revenue Act
was initiated against Respondent No. 1. He was held to be unauthorized occupant
of a land measuring 13 biswas in terms of the provisions of the Himachal
Pradesh Public Premises (Rent Recovery and Land Eviction) Act by the Collector,
Sub-Division, Theog. The said order was confirmed by the Financial Commissioner
of the Shimla Division by an order dated 6.08.1998. We will proceed on the
basis that the said order has attained finality although there appears to be
some dispute in relation thereto.
Respondent
No. 1 was declared to be an encroacher in the year 1998.
He was
directed to be ejected from the land in question. The notification for election
of Zilla Parishad by the State Election Commission under the Act was issued on
16.11.2000. As noticed hereinbefore, Respondent No. 1 was declared elected on
5.01.2001. In terms of the provisions of Article 243O read with Section 163 of
the Act, an election petition, therefore, was maintainable for setting aside
his election.
Disqualification
as provided for under Article 243F has been laid down in Section 122 of the
Act. Section 175 of the Act provides for disqualification as one of the grounds
upon which an election petition could be filed. Interpreting the aforementioned
provisions, a Division Bench of the Himachal Pradesh High Court opined that the
order dated 27.06.2002 passed by the Deputy Commissioner is not sustainable in
law.
Mr.
J.S. Attri, learned AAG appearing on behalf of the appellants would submit that
although the provisions of Section Section 163 are ordinarily required to be
taken recourse to but having regard to the fact that in terms of Sub-section
(2) of Section 122 of the Act, the question as regards declaring a candidate as
disqualified may arise not only before an election is held but also after the
election process is over; and thus, whereas in the former case, it will be the Authorised
Officer concerned who can determine the question of disqualification but in a
case where processes are initiated after the election, the Deputy Commissioner
alone would be the prescribed authority.
Section
163 of the Act provides for filing of an election petition on one or more
grounds specified in Sub-section (1) of Section 175 thereof.
Clause
(a) of Sub-section (1) of Section 175 of the Act inter alia lays down a ground
for setting aside of an election if on the date of the election the elected
person was not qualified or disqualified to be elected under the Act.
It is
no doubt true that Section 122 contemplates both the situations, viz., where a
person shall be disqualified for being chosen as also for being an office
bearer of panchayat inter alia if he has encroached upon any land belonging to
any authority mentioned therein. In view of the language of the said provision,
we are of the view that whereas an issue falling under clause (1) of
Sub-section (2) of Section 122 of the Act must be determined before the Authorised
Officer, any order of encroachment passed after the election process is over
would be determined by the Deputy Commissioner.
The
provisions of the Act, as noticed hereinbefore, have been enacted pursuant to
or in furtherance of the constitutional mandate contained in Part IX of the
Constitution of India. The provisions of the Act, therefore, are required to be
construed strictly in terms thereof. Clause (b) of Article 243O of the
Constitution of India mandates that no election shall be set aside save and
except by an order passed by the Authorised Officer. In our considered opinion,
Section 122 of the Act must be read in the light thereof. Section 162 of the
Act expressly provides for the exclusive jurisdiction of the Authorised Officer
to determine the existence or otherwise of any ground enumerated in Section 175
of the Act.
Once,
thus, a person is declared to be an encroacher prior to the date on which he
has been declared as elector and if the said order has attained finality, the
question as to whether he stood disqualified in terms of the provisions of
Section 122 of the Act, in our opinion, must be raised by way of an election
petition alone. If the submission of Mr. Attri is to be accepted, the same may
result in an anomalous position.
If a candidate
or a voter had the knowledge that the elected candidate was disqualified in
terms of Section 122 of the Act, he may file an application. The order of
eviction may come to the notice of some other person after the election process
is over. A situation, thus, may arise where two different proceedings may lie
before two different authorities at the instance of two different persons. Two
parallel proceedings, it is well settled, cannot be allowed to continue at the
same time. A construction of a statute which may lead to such a situation,
therefore, must be avoided. It will also lead to an absurdity if two different
Tribunals are allowed to come to contradictory decisions.
Furthermore,
it is a well-known principle of law that where literal interpretation shall
give rise to an anomaly or absurdity, the same should be avoided. [See Ashok
Lanka v. Rishi Dixit, (2005) 5 SCC 598 and M.P. Gopalakrishnan Nair v. State of
Kerala,(2005) 11 SCC 45] It is also a
well-settled principle of law that in a case where a statute is found to be
obscure the same must be interpreted having regard to the constitutional
scheme. In a case of this nature, the doctrine of purposive construction should
be applied. [See Bombay Dyeing & Mfg. Co. Ltd.(3) v. Bombay Environmental Action Group &
Ors. (2006) 3 SCC 434, Nathi Devi v. Radha Devi Gupta (2005) 2 SCC 271, Lalit
Mohan Pandey v. Pooran Singh & Ors. (2004) 6 SCC 626, Indian Handicrafts
Emporium & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors. (2003) 7 SCC
589 and Balram Kumawat v. Union of India
& Ors. (2003) 7 SCC 628] It is also well-settled that the entire statute
must be read as a whole.
The
relevant provisions of the Constitution as also those in the statute must,
thus, be read harmoniously. [See Bombay Dyeing (supra) and Secretary, Department
of Excise & Commercial Taxes and Others v. Sun Bright Marketing (P) Ltd., Chhattisgarh
and Another [(2004) 3 SCC 185]. So read, we are of the opinion that the
Division Bench of the High Court was correct in its view. The matter might have
been different if Respondent No. 1 was declared to be an encroacher after the
election process was over and, thus, becoming disqualified to continue to be an
office bearer of Panchayat or Zilla Parishad.
Back
Pages: 1 2