Midnapore
Peoples' Co-Op. Bank Ltd. & Ors Vs. Chunilal Nanda & Ors [2006] Insc 342
(25 May 2006)
B. P.
Singh & R. V. Raveendran
With
SLP (C) Nos. 13045-46/2003 RAVEENDRAN, J.
This
civil appeal by special leave is against the judgment dated 26.2.2001 in M.A.T.
No.4075 of 1998 passed by the High Court of Calcutta.
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The
first respondent was working as Secretary of the Midnapore Peoples' Co-op. Bank
Ltd. [Appellant No.1 herein, for short the 'Bank'].
Appellants
2 and 3 are respectively the Chairman and Secretary-in-Charge of the first
appellant bank. The first respondent was kept under suspension pending
initiation of disciplinary proceedings, in pursuance of a resolution of the
Board of Directors of the Bank dated 16.4.1994. The respondent filed a writ petition
[C.O. No. 8789(W) of 1995] challenging the suspension, inter alia on the ground
that charge-sheet had not been issued. On 27.6.1995, the said writ petition was
disposed of recording the submission that the bank was issuing a charge-sheet.
The Bank was directed to deliver a copy of the charge-sheet and pay the arrears
of subsistence allowance within one week.
The
first respondent was directed to file his written statement within 10 days. The
Enquiry Officer was directed to conclude the enquiry within a period of three
months from the date of communication of the order subject to first respondent
rendering full cooperation for the conduct of the disciplinary proceedings.
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A
charge-sheet dated 1.7.1995 was issued to the first respondent containing nine
charges. The first Respondent filed his written statement on 17.7.1995. The
Enquiry Officer completed the enquiry and submitted his report dated 14.9.1995
finding the first respondent guilty of all charges. A copy of the said report
was furnished to the first respondent under cover of bank's letter dated
25.9.1995 giving him an opportunity to submit his representation.
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At that
stage, the first respondent filed another writ petition [CO No.
20008
(W) of 1995] before the High Court for quashing the enquiry proceedings
alleging bias against the Enquiry Officer (Asit Mahapatra). A learned single
Judge of the Calcutta High Court allowed the said writ petition by order dated
9.4.1997 in the following manner :
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The
enquiry proceedings and the consequential action taken by the Bank were set
aside.
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The
Chairman of the Bank was directed to appoint someone who is not a member of the
Bank's Board of Directors as Enquiry Officer by requesting the Registrar,
Cooperative Societies to nominate a suitable officer preferably of the rank of
Asst. Registrar of Cooperative Societies, to be the Enquiry Officer. A time
bound schedule was indicated for appointment of the Enquiry Officer.
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The
Enquiry Officer to be so appointed was required to conduct enquiry de novo by
observing all the principles of natural justice and the applicable rules and
regulations and submit his report within four months from the date of first
sitting subject to first respondent fully cooperating in the enquiry. The
Disciplinary Authority was directed to take suitable action on the basis of such
Report.
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The
Bank was directed to pay proper subsistence allowance to the first respondent
during the period of suspension.
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On
the Bank's request, the Assistant Registrar of Cooperative Societies, Midnapore-I
appointed Sri H. K. Maiti, Cooperative Development Officer, as Enquiry Officer
on 9.5.1997. Subsequently, the Assistant Registrar by communication dated
3.10.1997 revoked the appointment of Sri H.K. Maiti as Enquiry Officer being of
the view that the tenor of the order of the High Court did not permit the
appointment of Sri H.K. Maiti who was only a Development Officer, as the
Enquiry Officer.
Thereafter,
the Bank wrote to the Registrar of Cooperative Societies on 24.10.1997 to nominate
an officer of the rank of an Assistant Registrar for being appointed as Enquiry
Officer. In view of the delay, the Bank also approached the High Court for
suitable extension of time. On 19.12.1997, the court extended the time for
appointment of Enquiry Officer by two weeks. By order dated 5.1.1998, the
Registrar nominated Sri S. K. Das, Assistant Registrar of Co-operative
Societies, Midnapore-I, for being appointed as the Enquiry Officer. He was
accordingly appointed as the Enquiry Officer. He started a fresh enquiry.
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As
the enquiry was not completed within four months from the date of first
sitting, the first respondent moved a contempt application [CPAN 2233 of 1997].
The Chairman of the Bank, the Enquiry Officer (S. K. Das), the previous Enquiry
Officer (Sri H. K. Maiti) and the Secretary-in-Charge of the Bank were impleaded
eo nomine as respondents 1 to 4 in the said contempt petition. The learned
Single Judge summoned the enquiry records from the Enquiry Officer. On perusing
the records, he was of the view that the Enquiry Officer had not proceeded with
due diligence. Therefore, the learned Single Judge made an order dated
20.11.1998, the operative portion of which is extracted below :
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"Let a Rule be issued against the respondent no.2 Sri S. K. Das, Assistant
Registrar, Cooperative Societies, Midnapore I, (charging him ?) with committing
contempt of this Court (and ?) for directing him to show cause as to why he
should not be punished for committing contempt. The Respondent no. 2 shall
remain present personally on all the dates of hearing in this Court. He shall
file his affidavit in opposition within two weeks from today.
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Since
the respondent no. 2 has by his conduct, disqualified himself to be the Enquiry
Officer, I direct that he shall cease to be the Enquiry Officer. It shall be
open to the respondents, however, in the light of the aforesaid two orders of
the Court, to appoint any other person as the Enquiry Officer and to proceed
with the matter once again in the light of the aforesaid directions.
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he
petitioner shall immediately and forthwith be reinstated in the service of the
respondent Bank and shall deemed to be in their service all through. He shall
not be prevented in any manner from discharging his duties and shall be paid all
arrears of salary within four weeks from today.
Let
the contempt application appear two weeks hence. The suspension order shall be
immediately deemed to have been revoked."
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Feeling aggrieved, respondents 1 and 4 in the contempt petition (Chairman and
Secretary-in-Charge of the Bank) filed M.A.T. No.4075 of 1998. A Division Bench
of the High Court dismissed the said appeal as not maintainable by the impugned
judgment dated 26.2.2001, on the following two grounds :
-
The order of the learned Single Judge did not punish any contemnor. Therefore,
the appeal could not be entertained under section 19 of the Contempt of
Courts Act, 1971 which provided for appeals only against orders punishing a
contemnor.
-
The
appeal did not satisfy the requirements of clause 15 of the Letters Patent, and,
therefore, could not be entertained as a Letters Patent Appeal.
While
so dismissing the appeal, the Division Bench directed the appellants therein to
forthwith implement the order of the learned Single Judge. The said judgment is
challenged in this civil appeal by special leave. This Court, while granting
leave on 25.2.2002, stayed the operation of the order dated 26.2.2001 in M.A.T.
No.4075 of 1998, as also the further proceedings in the contempt petition (CPA
No.2233/1997) with a condition that the Enquiry Officer appointed in pursuance
of the order dated 9.4.1997 shall complete the enquiry within six months.
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In
view of the observations of the Division Bench that the appeal by the Chairman
and Secretary-in-Charge eo nomine was not maintainable, and to avoid any
technical objections, the Bank and its Board of Directors filed M.A.T. No.1102
of 2001 on 4.4.2001 challenging the order dated 20.11.1998 along with an
application for condonation of delay. A Division Bench of the High Court
dismissed the application for condonation of delay by merely stating that the
delay of 728 days had not been properly explained, and consequently dismissed
the appeal. The said order dismissing the application under section 5 of Limitation Act,
1963 and consequently, dismissing the appeal, is challenged in SLP(C)
Nos.13045-46 of 2003.
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On the
aforesaid facts and the contentions urged, the following questions arise for
consideration :
-
Where the High Court, in a contempt proceedings, renders a decision on the
merits of a dispute between the parties, either by an interlocutory order or
final judgment, whether it is appealable under section 19 of the Contempt of
Courts Act, 1971 ? If not, what is the remedy of the person aggrieved ?
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Where
such a decision on merits, is rendered by an interlocutory order of a learned
Single Judge, whether an intra-court appeal is available under clause 15 of the
Letters Patent ?
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In a
contempt proceeding initiated by a delinquent employee (against the Enquiry
Officer as also the Chairman and Secretary in-charge of the employer-Bank),
complaining of disobedience of an order directing completion of the enquiry in a
time bound schedule, whether the court can direct
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that
the employer shall reinstate the employee forthwith;
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that
the employee shall not be prevented from discharging his duties in any manner;
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that
the employee shall be paid all arrears of salary;
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that
the Enquiry Officer shall cease to be the Enquiry Officer and the employer shall
appoint a fresh Enquiry Officer; and
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that the suspension shall be deemed to
have been revoked ? Re : Point No. (i) :
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Section 19 of the Contempt of
Courts Act, 1971 ['CC Act' for short] provides for appeals. Relevant
portion of sub-section (1) thereof is extracted below :
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An
appeal shall lie as of right from any order or decision of High Court in the
exercise of its jurisdiction to punish for contempt - (a) where the order or
decision is that of a single Judge, to a Bench of not less than two Judges of
the Court:
-
where
the order or decision is that of a Bench, to the Supreme Court:
The
scope of Section 19 has been considered by this Court in Baradakanta Mishra v.
Justice Gatikrushna Misra [AIR 1974 SC 2255], Purushotam Dass Goel v. Justice
B.S. Dhillon [AIR 1978 SC 1014], Union of India v.
Mario
Cabral e Sa [AIR 1982 SC 691], D.N. Taneja v. Bhajan Lal [1988 (3) SCC 26],
State of Maharashtra v. Mahboob S. Allibhoy [1996 (4)
SCC 411] and J.S. Parihar v. Ganpat Duggar [1996 (6) SCC 291]. These cases
dealt with orders refusing to initiate contempt proceedings or initiating
contempt proceedings or acquitting/exonerating the contemnor or dropping the
proceedings for contempt. In all these cases, it was held that an appeal was
not maintainable under section 19 of CC Act as the said Section only provided
for an appeal in respect of orders punishing for contempt.
10.1
In Baradakanta
Mishra, a three Judge Bench of this Court held that an order declining to
initiate a proceeding for contempt amounts to refusal to assume or exercise
jurisdiction to punish for contempt and therefore, such a decision cannot be
regarded as a decision in the exercise of its jurisdiction to punish for
contempt. The question as to whether an appeal would be maintainable under
section 19 where the court initiates a proceeding for contempt but after due
consideration and hearing finds the alleged contemnor not guilty of contempt, or
having found him guilty declines to punish him, was left open.
10.2
In Purushotam
Dass Goel (supra), certain aspects of Section 19 were left open. This relevant
portion is extracted below :
The
(contempt) proceeding is initiated under Section 17 by issuance of a notice.
Thereafter, there may be many interlocutory orders passed in the said
proceeding by the High Court. It could not be the intention of the legislature
to provide for an appeal to this Court as a matter of right from each and every
such order made by the High Court. The order or the decision must be such that
it decides some bone of contention raised before the High Court affecting the
right of the party aggrieved. Mere initiation of a proceeding for contempt by
the issuance of the notice on the prima facie view that the case is a fit one
for drawing up the proceeding, does not decide any question... It is neither
possible, nor advisable, to make an exhaustive list of the type of orders which
may be appealable to this Court under Section 19. A final order, surely, will
be appealable.
If the
alleged contemnor in response to the notice appears before the High Court and
asks it to drop the proceeding on the ground of its being barred under Section
20 of the Act but the High Court holds that the proceeding is not barred, it
may well be that an appeal would lie to this Court under Section 19 from such
an order although the proceeding has remained pending in the High Court. We are
not called upon to express our final opinion in regard to such an order, but we
merely mention this type of order by way of an example to show that even orders
made at some intermediate stage in the proceeding may be appealable under
Section 19." 10.3) While Baradakanda Mishra and Purushotam Das left open
the question whether an appeal under section 19 would be maintainable in certain
areas, in D. N. Taneja (supra), a three-Judge Bench of this Court,
categorically held that appeals under section 19 would lie only against the
orders punishing the contemnor for contempt and not any other order passed in
contempt proceedings. We extract below the relevant portions from the said decision
:
"The
right of appeal will be available under sub-section (1) of Section 19 only
against any decision or order of a High Court passed in the exercise of its
jurisdiction to punish for contempt. When the High Court does not impose any
punishment on the alleged contemnor, the High Court does not exercise its
jurisdiction or power to punish for contempt. The jurisdiction of the High
Court is to punish. When no punishment is imposed by the High Court, it is
difficult to say that the High Court has exercised its jurisdiction or power as
conferred on it by Article 215 of the Constitution.
It is
true that in considering a question whether the alleged contemnor is guilty of
contempt or not, the court hears the parties and considers the materials
produced before it and, if necessary, examines witnesses and, thereafter,
passes an order either acquitting or punishing him for contempt.
When
the High Court acquits the contemnor, the High Court does not exercise its
jurisdiction for contempt, for such exercise will mean that the High Court
should act in a particular manner, that is to say, by imposing punishment for
contempt. So long as no punishment is imposed by the High Court, the High Court
cannot be said to be exercising its jurisdiction or power to punish for
contempt under Article 215 of the Constitution.
The
aggrieved party under section 19(1) can only be the contemnor who has been
punished for contempt of court." [Emphasis supplied] 10.4) In Mahboob S. Allibhoy
(supra), this Court reiterated the above position thus :
"On
a plain reading Section 19 provides that an appeal shall lie as of right from
any order or decision of the High Court in exercise of its jurisdiction to
punish for contempt. In other words, if the High Court passes an order in
exercise of its jurisdiction to punish any person for contempt of court, then
only an appeal shall be maintainable under sub-section (1) of Section 19 of the
Act. As sub-section (1) of Section 19 provides that an appeal shall lie as of
right from any order, an impression is created that an appeal has been provided
under the said sub-section against any order passed by the High Court while
exercising the jurisdiction of contempt proceedings.
The
words 'any order' has to be read with the expression 'decision' used in said
sub-section which the High Court passes in exercise of its jurisdiction to
punish for contempt. 'Any order' is not independent of the expression
'decision'. They have been put in an alternative form saying 'order' or
'decision'. In either case, it must be in the nature of punishment for
contempt. If the expression 'any order' is read independently of the
"decision" then an appeal shall lie under sub-section (I) of Section
19 even against any interlocutory order passed in a proceeding for contempt by
the High Court which shall lead to a ridiculous result." 10.5) J. S. Parihar
vs. Ganpat Duggar (supra) is nearest to this case, on facts. A contempt
petition was filed alleging that the seniority list drawn pursuant to the order
of the High Court was not in conformity with the said order. The High Court
found it to be so, but held that the disobedience was not willful and,
therefore, did not punish for contempt. But the High Court gave a direction to
redraw the seniority list. The State Government challenged the said direction
in an intra court appeal. The Division Bench held that the appeal was not
maintainable under section 19 of the CC Act, but was maintainable as an
intra-court appeal as the direction issued by the single Judge would be a
"judgment" within the meaning of that expression in section 18 of
Rajasthan High Court Ordinance. Accordingly, the Division Bench set aside the
direction of the learned Single Judge to re-do the list.
The
said order was challenged before this Court. This Court confirmed the decision
of the Division Bench and held as follows :
"Therefore,
an appeal would lie under section 19 when an order in exercise of the
jurisdiction of the High Court punishing the contemnor has been passed. In this
case, the finding was that the respondents had not wilfully disobeyed the
order. So there is no order punishing the respondent for violation of the
orders of the High Court. Accordingly, an appeal under section 19 would not
lie.
The
question is whether seniority list is open to review in the contempt
proceedings to find out, whether it is in conformity with-the directions issued
by the earlier Benches. It is seen that once there is an order passed by the
Government on the basis of the directions issued by the Court, there arises a
fresh cause of act on to seek redressal in an appropriate forum.
The
preparation of the seniority list may be wrong or may be right or may or may
not be in conformity with the directions. But that would be a fresh cause of
action for the aggrieved party to avail of the opportunity of judicial review.
But that cannot be considered to be the wilful violation of the order. After
re-exercising the judicial review in contempt proceedings, a fresh direction by
the learned single Judge cannot be given to redraw the seniority list. In other
words, the learned Judge was exercising the jurisdiction to consider the matter
on merits in the contempt proceedings.
It
would not be permissible ."
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The
position emerging from these decisions, in regard to appeals against orders in
contempt proceedings may be summarized thus :
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An
appeal under section 19 is maintainable only against an order or decision of the
High Court passed in exercise of its jurisdiction to punish for contempt, that
is, an order imposing punishment for contempt.
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Neither an order declining to initiate proceedings for contempt, nor an order
initiating proceedings for contempt nor an order dropping the proceedings for
contempt nor an order acquitting or exonerating the contemnor, is appealable
under Section 19 of the CC Act. In special circumstances, they may be open to
challenge under Article 136 of the Constitution.
-
In a
proceeding for contempt, the High Court can decide whether any contempt of court
has been committed, and if so, what should be the punishment and matters
incidental thereto.
In
such a proceeding, it is not appropriate to adjudicate or decide any issue
relating to the merits of the dispute between the parties.
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Any direction issued or decision made by the High Court on the merits of a
dispute between the parties, will not be in the exercise of 'jurisdiction to
punish for contempt' and therefore, not appealable under section 19 of CC Act.
The only exception is where such direction or decision is incidental to or
inextricably connected with the order punishing for contempt, in which event
the appeal under section 19 of the Act, can also encompass the incidental or
inextricably connected directions.
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If the
High Court, for whatsoever reason, decides an issue or makes any direction,
relating to the merits of the dispute between the parties, in a contempt
proceedings, the aggrieved person is not without remedy. Such an order is open
to challenge in an intra-court appeal (if the order was of a learned Single
Judge and there is a provision for an intra-court appeal), or by seeking special
leave to appeal under Article 136 of the Constitution of India (in other cases).
The
first point is answered accordingly.
Re :
Point No. (ii) :
-
We
will next consider as to whether an intra-court appeal under clause 15 of the
Letters Patent was available against the interlocutory order dated 20.11.1998
containing the directions on merits of the dispute. Clause 15 of the Letters
Patent provides for an appeal from a 'judgment' of a single Judge in exercise
of original jurisdiction, to a Division Bench. In Shah Babulal Khimji v. Jayaben
D. Kania & Anr.
[AIR
1981 SC 1786], the scope of clause 15 of the Letters Patent was considered.
This Court held :
"The
concept of a judgment as defined by the Code of Civil Procedure seems to be
rather narrow and the limitations engrafted by sub-section (2) of section 2
cannot be physically imported into the definition of the word 'judgment' as
used in Cl. 15 of the Letters Patent because the Letters Patent has advisedly
not used the term 'order' or 'decree' anywhere. The intention, therefore, of
the givers of the Letters Patent was that the word 'judgment' should receive a
much wider and more liberal interpretation than the word 'judgment' used in the
Code of Civil Procedure. At the same time, it cannot be said that any order
passed by a trial Judge would amount to a judgment; otherwise there will be no
end to the number of orders which would be appealable under the Letters Patent.
It seems to us that the word 'judgment' has undoubtedly a concept of finality
in a broader and not a narrower sense. In other words, a judgment can be of
three kinds (1) A final Judgment .. (2) A preliminary Judgment .. (3)
Intermediary or interlocutory judgment - Most of the interlocutory orders which
contain the quality of finality are clearly specified in clauses (a) to (w) of
Order 43, Rule 1 and have already been held by us to be judgments within the
meaning of the Letters Patent and, therefore, appealable. There may also be
interlocutory orders which are not covered by Order 43, Rule 1 but which also
possess the characteristics and trappings of finality in that, the orders may
adversely affect a valuable right of the party or decide an important aspect of
the trial in an ancillary proceedings. Before such an order can be a judgment
the adverse effect on the party concerned must be direct and immediate rather
than indirect or remote in other words every interlocutory order cannot be
regarded as a judgment but only those orders would be judgments which decide
matters of moment or affect vital and valuable rights of the parties and which
work serious injustice to the party concerned." ".any discretion
exercised or routine orders passed by the trial Judge in the course of the suit
which may cause some inconvenience or, to some extent, prejudice one party or
the other cannot be treated as a judgment, otherwise the appellate court
(Division Bench) will be flooded with appeals from all kinds of orders passed
by the trial Judge. .. the interlocutory order in order to be a judgment must
contain the traits and trappings of finality either when the order decides the
questions in controversy in an ancillary proceeding or in the suit itself or in
a part of the proceedings."
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Clause 10 of the Letters Patent of Patna High Court (corresponding to clause 15
of Letters Patent of Calcutta High Court) was considered by this Court in
Central Mine Planning and Design Institute Ltd. v. Union of India [2001 (2) SCC
588]. In that case, the award of an Industrial Tribunal directing reinstatement
and payment of partial backwages was challenged in a writ petition before the
High Court of Patna. The workman claimed interim relief under section 17- B of
the Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947. The learned Single Judge directed the employer to pay
full wages to the workman during the pendency of the writ petition. That was
challenged in a Letters Patent Appeal. The Division Bench held that the Letters
Patent Appeal was not maintainable as the order directing payment under section
17-B of the I.D. Act was not a 'judgment'. Reversing the said decision, this
Court held that an interlocutory order passed in a writ proceeding directing
payment under section 17B of Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947 was a final determination affecting the vital and
valuable rights and obligations of parties and, therefore, would fall under the
category of 'intermediary or interlocutory judgment' against which a Letters
Patent Appeal would lie. The following observations are relevant :
"It
is now well settled that the definition of "judgment" in section 2(9)
of the Code of Civil Procedure has no application to Letters Patent .., it
follows that to determine the question whether an interlocutory order passed by
one Judge of a High Court falls within the meaning of 'judgment' for purposes
of Letters Patent the test is : Whether the order is a final determination
affecting vital and valuable rights and obligations of the parties concerned.
This has to be ascertained on the facts of each case."
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The above principle was reiterated in Mithailal Dalsangar Singh vs. Annabai Devram
Kini [2003 (10) SCC 691] and Subal Paul vs. Malina Paul [2003 (10) SCC 361]. In
the latter case, this Court held :
"While
determining the question as regards clause 15 of the Letters Patent, the court
is required to see as to whether the order sought to be appealed against is a
judgment within the meaning thereof or not. Once it is held that irrespective
of the nature of the order, meaning thereby whether interlocutory or final, a
judgment has been rendered, clause 15 of the Letters Patent would be attracted.
Clause 15 of the Letters Patent confers a right of appeal on a litigant
against any judgment passed under any Act unless the same is expressly
excluded. Clause 15 may be subject to an Act but when it is not so subject to
the special provision the power and jurisdiction of the High Court under clause
15 to entertain any appeal from a judgment would be effective."
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Interim orders/interlocutory orders passed during the pendency of a case, fall
under one or the other of the following categories :
-
Orders
which finally decide a question or issue in controversy in the main case.
-
Orders
which finally decide an issue which materially and directly affects the final
decision in the main case.
-
Orders
which finally decide a collateral issue or question which is not the subject
matter of the main case.
-
Routine
orders which are passed to facilitate the progress of the case till its
culmination in the final judgment.
-
Orders
which may cause some inconvenience or some prejudice to a party, but which do
not finally determine the rights and obligations of the parties.
The
term 'judgment' occurring in clause 15 of the Letters Patent will take into its
fold not only the judgments as defined in section 2(9) CPC and orders
enumerated in Order 43 Rule 1 of CPC, but also other orders which, though may
not finally and conclusively determine the rights of parties with regard to all
or any matters in controversy, may have finality in regard to some collateral
matter, which will affect the vital and valuable rights and obligations of the
parties. Interlocutory orders which fall under categories (i) to (iii) above,
are, therefore, 'judgments' for the purpose of filing appeals under the Letters
Patent.
On the
other hand, orders falling under categories (iv) and (v) are not 'judgments'
for purpose of filing appeals provided under the Letters Patent.
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The next question is whether the appeal was not maintainable because, it was
filed by the Chairman and the Secretary-in-Charge of the Bank eo nomine, and
not by the "Bank" itself. The order dated 20.11.1998 against which
the appeal was filed, was passed by the learned single Judge in the course of
contempt proceedings. The Chairman and the Secretary-in-Charge were parties to
such proceedings having been impleaded eo nomine as respondents 1 and 4
respectively. The 'Bank' as such was not a party to the contempt proceedings.
The learned single Judge proceeded on the basis that the Chairman and the
Secretary-in-Charge represented the 'Bank' by referring to them as 'Respondent
Bank' and directing them to reinstate the complainant (first respondent herein)
and to pay all salary arrears to him. If the Chairman and Secretary-in-Charge
were considered as representing the Bank for issuing such directions, certainly
they could file an appeal against such directions. The directions were issued
to them and they were the persons aggrieved.
-
The Division Bench, therefore, committed a serious and obvious error in holding
that the appeal [MAT 4075/1998] was not maintainable under clause 15 of the
Letters Patent. Though the order of the learned Single Judge dated 20.11.1998,
by which several directions to the Bank with reference to first Respondent were
issued, is not a final 'judgment', it is an 'interlocutory judgment' which
finally decides several rights and obligations of the employee vis-`-vis the
employer and therefore, appealable under clause 15 of the Letters Patent.
Re :
Point No. (iii) :
-
As
noticed above, by order dated 9.4.1997 in C.O.
No.200008(W)/1995,
the first inquiry proceedings were set aside and the Chairman of the Bank was
directed to appoint an outsider, preferably an officer from the Co-operative
Department, as the Enquiry Officer, with a further direction that such Enquiry
Officer should conduct the enquiry de novo, and submit the report within four
months (from the date of first sitting), and a direction to the first
respondent to fully co-operate in the enquiry. The time stipulated for
appointment of the Enquiry Officer was extended by two weeks on 19.12.1997. The
new Enquiry Officer was appointed by the Registrar of Co-operative Societies,
on 5.1.1998. The inquiry was not completed within four months and that led to
the initiation of the contempt proceedings by the employee (first respondent).
The Chairman of the Bank, the Enquiry Officer, the previous Enquiry Officer (H.
K. Maiti, whose appointment was revoked on 3.10.1997) and the
Secretary-in-Charge of the Bank were shown as contemnors/respondents 1 to 4. As
H.K. Maiti was not a party to the writ petition, and as he did not conduct the
enquiry, there was no question of his disobeying any order. After perusing the
records, the court by order dated 20.11.1998 came to the conclusion that a
prima facie case was made out for issuing a show cause notice only against Sri
S.K. Das (Enquiry Officer). This meant that no case was made out for issue of
show cause notice to the Chairman and Secretary-in- Charge of the Bank. In
fact, it was not the case of the first respondent that after the appointment of
S.K. Das as Enquiry Officer, there was any disobedience by the Bank.
-
In
the circumstances, the court ought to have proceeded to consider whether there
was any wilful disobedience of the order dated 9.4.1997, on the part of S K Das
and if so, punish him for contempt.
As
S.K. Das was nowhere in the picture when the order dated 9.4.1997 was passed in
the writ petition, and as he was appointed as an independent Enquiry Officer
only by an order dated 5.1.1988 and as there was a complaint about the
non-cooperation by the first respondent, (delinquent employee), it is doubtful
whether there was any case for even issuing a show cause notice to him. Be that
as it may. We are not concerned with the issue of show cause notice to S.K. Das
in this appeal. What is relevant to be noticed is that the learned Single Judge
could not have made an order in the contempt proceedings, that Sri S.K. Das
had, by his conduct, disqualified himself to be the Enquiry Officer and that he
shall cease to be the Enquiry Officer and that another Enquiry Officer shall be
appointed.
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There
was also no justification for the further direction by the learned Single Judge
in the contempt proceedings, that too by an interlocutory order, that the
complainant should immediately and forthwith be reinstated into the service of
the Bank, and shall be deemed to be in the service of the Bank all through, that
the employee shall not be prevented in any manner from discharging his duties
and that he shall be paid all arrears of salary within four weeks, and that the
suspension order shall be deemed to have been revoked. These were totally
outside the scope of the proceedings for contempt and amounted to adjudication
of rights and liabilities not in issue in the contempt proceedings. At all
events, on the facts and circumstances, there was no disobedience, breach or
neglect on the part of the Bank and its President and Secretary, to provoke the
court to issue such directions, even assuming that such directions could be
issued in the course of the contempt proceedings. Hence, directions (2) and (3)
and the direction relating to revocation of suspension are liable to be set
aside.
Re :
SLP (c) Nos. 13045-46/2003 22. These SLPs. arise out of the order dated
3.9.2001 in MAT No.
1102/2001
filed by the Bank against the order dated 20.11.1998 in CPAN No. 2237/1997. As
we have held that the appeal filed by the Chairman and Secretary on behalf of
the Bank [MAT No. 4075/1998] against the said order was maintainable, these SLPs.
have become infructuous.
Conclusion
:
-
During the pendency of this appeal, the Enquiry Officer has completed the
enquiry and submitted his report dated 18.7.2002. No action has been taken
thereon in view of the pendency of this civil appeal and the interim order
dated 25.2.2002 which permitted only the completion of the enquiry. In view of
this decision, there will now be no impediment for the Bank to take further
action based on such Inquiry Report.
-
In view
of the above, we dispose of these matters as follows :
-
CA No.
1727/2002 is allowed. The order dated 26.2.2001 of the Calcutta High Court in MAT No. 4075/1998 is
set aside.
Directions
(2) and (3) as also the direction that "the suspension shall be
immediately deemed to have been revoked" contained in the order dated
20.11.1998 of the learned Single Judge passed in CPAN No.2233/1997 (arising
from C.O. No. 20008(W) of 1995) are deleted.
-
SLP (C) Nos. 13045-46/2003 are dismissed as infructuous.
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The
appellant-Bank is at liberty to take further action in pursuance of the Inquiry
Report dated 18.7.2002, in accordance with law.
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Parties
to bear their respective costs.
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