Balakrishnan
Vs. Malaiyandi Konar [2006] Insc 82 (17 February 2006)
Arijit
Pasayat & R.V. Raveendran Arijit Pasayat, J.
Challenge
in this appeal is to the judgment rendered by a learned Single Judge of the
Madras High Court holding that the auction sale held in an execution proceeding
and confirmation thereof was illegal. The matter was remitted to the Executing
Court with a direction to consider the objection in terms of Section 47 of the
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short the 'Code') and to consider whether
there was any need for sale of the property in view of the deposit made by the
judgment debtor-respondent herein. The appellant who is the decree holder
purchased the property in the Court auction sale. The proceedings relate to
O.S.No.385/1977 on the file of District Munsif, Kulithalai.
The
background facts need to be noted in brief.
The
suit was filed by the appellant on the basis of a promissory note executed by
the respondent in favour of the appellant. The suit was decreed. In the
proceeding for execution of the decree in his favour (E.P.No.725/1981 on the
file of District Munsif, Kulithalai later renumbered as E.P.45/1983 on the file
of District Munsif, Manapparai) the appellant purchased the judgment debtor's
property on 8.7.1981 in Court auction after obtaining permission of the Court
for a sum of Rs.7,510/-. The sale was confirmed on 22.8.1983.
Respondent
filed EA 17/83 to set aside the sale on the ground that he is entitled to the
benefits under Tamil Nadu Debt Relief Act, 1980 (in short the 'Debt Relief
Act'). On 30.4.1983 application filed by the respondent was dismissed on the
ground that the respondent has not made out a case for getting benefit under
the Debt Relief Act. It was also held that apart from the property covered by
the auction sale, he had got income from other properties. Respondent filed
Civil Revision Petition No.3963 1983 before the Madras High Court against the
order of dismissal of EA 17/83. By order dated 10.9.1987 the High Court
dismissed the Civil Revision Petition upholding the findings of the Executing Court. EP 80/93 was filed by the
appellant on 13.8.1993 under Order XXI Rule 95 of the Code for delivery of
possession.
Respondent
filed counter affidavit inter alia taking the stand that the Execution Petition
was liable to be dismissed, as it was filed beyond the limitation period of one
year prescribed under Article 134 of the Limitation Act, 1963 (in short the
'Limitation Act'). The trial Court overruled the objections and ordered
delivery. Respondent thereafter filed Civil Revision Petition No.2328/1994
before the High Court which was allowed on 13.7.1998 by the impugned judgment.
During
the hearing of the case, the High Court in order to shorten litigation gave
option to the judgment debtor to deposit decretal amount with interest. In fact
the respondent deposited Rs.35,000/-. Though at the time of hearing, learned
counsel appearing for the present appellant accepted that the offer of judgment
debtor (respondent herein) was a reasonable one, he informed the Court that his
client was not agreeable to receive any amount and wanted the property. The
High Court on examining the scope and ambit of Order XXI Rule 64 of the Code
held that the Executing
Court while directing
the sale had not kept in view the correct parameters of the requirements
enjoined by the said provision, in particular to decide first whether it is
necessary to bring the entire attached property to sale. Accordingly, the
following directions were given:
"In
view of the abovesaid principle, I am of the view that the Executing Court
without application of mind has directed the sale of the property of nearly 5
acres for a paltry sum of Rs.4,000/- and odd. Now the petitioner has shown his
bona fide by depositing the amount of Rs.35,000/- and I am of the view that the
parties can be given an opportunity to establish the same. It is open to the
petitioner to convince the lower Court as to which portion of the property is
sufficient to satisfy the decree amount and the lower Court is directed to
consider the matter afresh, in the light of the decisions of the Supreme Court
as well as the judgment of this Court referred above, dispose of the claim of
the parties in accordance with law. Since the Executing Court has not acted in accordance with the above said principles
of the Supreme Court, I am of the view that the sale itself is liable to be set
aside even though no application has been filed by the petitioner. However, the
objection filed by the petitioner is directed to be treated as a petition under
Section 47 CPC. Hence, the matter is remitted back to the Executing Court with direction to dispose of the
objection petition afresh. The Executing Court
can also consider the need for the sale of property in view of the deposit made
by the petitioner." Learned counsel for the appellant in support of the
appeal submitted that the High Court has lost sight of the fact that the sale
was confirmed on 22.8.1983. The earlier petition filed in the execution
proceedings was rejected and the High Court also did not interfere. That matter
had attained finality.
The
subsequent execution proceeding for delivery was filed. The objection filed by
respondent related to the applicability of Article 134 of the Limitation Act
and the High Court could not have examined the matter in the background of
Order XXI Rule 64 of the Code. It is further submitted that even conceding for
the sake of arguments that Article 134 of the Limitation Act had application,
the delay in filing the application is clearly attributable to the respondent
himself.
He had
filed the objection and after its dismissal by the trial Court had moved the
High Court. In response, learned counsel for the respondent submitted that
Article 134 of the Limitation Act clearly applies to the facts of the case.
Though the High Court did not advert to that provision yet for doing
substantial justice the Court had indicated the parameters of Order XXI Rule 64
of the Code. Property measuring about 5 acres was sold for a paltry sum of Rs.
four thousand. The judgment debtor had deposited Rs.35,000/- which was
sufficient to satisfy the decretal amount and the interest that would have
earned had the payment been made at the initial stage.
Order
XXI Rule 64 reads as follows:
"Power
to order property attached to be sold and proceeds to be paid to person
entitled- Any Court executing a decree may order that any property attached by
it and liable to sale, or such portion thereof, as may seem necessary to
satisfy the decree, shall be sold, and that the proceeds of such sale, or a sufficient
portion thereof, shall be paid to the party entitled under the decree to
receive the same." The provision contains some significant words. They are
"necessary to satisfy the decree". Use of the said expression clearly
indicates the legislative intent that no sale can be allowed beyond the decretal
amount mentioned in the sale proclamation. (See Takkaseela Pedda Subba Reddi v Pujari
Padmavathamma (AIR 1977 SC 1789). In all execution proceedings, Court has to
first decide whether it is necessary to bring the entire property to sale or
such portion thereof as may seem necessary to satisfy the decree. If the
property is large and the decree to be satisfied is small the Court must bring
only such portion of the property the proceeds of which would be sufficient to
satisfy the claim of the decree holder. It is immaterial whether the property
is one or several. Even if the property is one, if a separate portion could be
sold without violating any provision of law only such portion of the property
should be sold. This is not just a discretion but an obligation imposed on the
Court. The sale held without examining this aspect and not in conformity with
this mandatory requirement would be illegal and without jurisdiction. (See: Ambati
Narasayya v. M. Subba Rao and Anr. 1989 Suppl. (2) SCC 693). The duty cast upon
the Court to sale only such portion or portion thereof as is necessary to
satisfy the decree is a mandate of the legislature which cannot be ignored.
Similar, view has been expressed in S. Mariyappa (Dead) by LRs. And Ors. v. Siddappa
and Anr. (2005 (10) SCC 235).
In
S.S. Dayananda v. K.S. Nagesh Rao and Ors. (1997 (4) SCC 451) it was held that
the procedural compliance of Order XXI Rule 64 of the Code is a mandatory
requirement. This was also the view expressed in Desh Bandhu Gupta v. N.L. Anand
and Rajinder Singh (1994 (1) SCC 131).
Therefore,
on the background facts noted by the High Court the auction sale did not meet
the requirements of law.
But at
the same time it appears that the question regarding the legality of the sale
had attained finality because of the confirmation of sale on 22.8.1983. Though
it is contended by learned counsel for the respondent that the order dated
10.9.1987 passed by the High Court rejecting CRP 3963/1983 filed by the judgment
debtor seeking relief, was relatable to the Debt Relief Act, that did not have
the effect of reviving the question relating to violation of Order XXI Rule 64
of the Code.
The
residual question is the effect of Article 134 of the Limitation Act, as
appearing in the Schedule to the Limitation Act relatable to, Sections 2(j) and
3 providing for periods of limitation. Article 134 reads as follows:
Description
of application Period of limitation Time from which period begins to run 134. For
delivery of possession by a purchaser of immovable property at a sale in
execution of a decree. One year When the sale becomes absolute. The limitation
for the purpose of Article 134 starts from the date of confirmation of sale. (See
Ganpat Singh (dead) by Lrs. v. Kailash Shankar and Ors. 1987 (3) SCC 146). In Pattam
Khader Khan v. Pattem Sardar Khan and Anr. (1996 (5) SCC 48) this court held
that it is not from the date when sale certificate is issued that the
limitation starts running. The sale becomes absolute on confirmation under
Order XXI Rule 92 of the Code effectively passing title. It cannot be said to
attain finality only when sale certificate is issued under Order XXI Rule 94.
There can be variety of factors conceivable for which delay can be caused in
issuing a sale certificate. The period of one year limitation now prescribed
under Article 134 of the Limitation Act in substitution of a three year period
prescribed under Article 180 of the Indian Limitation Act, 1908 is reflective
of the legislative policy of finalizing proceedings in execution as quickly as
possible by providing a quick forum to the auction purchaser to ask for the
delivery of possession of the property purchased within that period from the
date of the sale becoming absolute rather than from the date of issuance of the
sale certificate. On his failure to avail such a quick remedy the law relegates
him to the remedy of a regular suit for possession based on title, subject
again to limitation.
Though
it was submitted by learned counsel for the appellant that the respondent was
responsible for the delay caused as he had filed the Civil Revision before the
High Court, the plea is clearly untenable. The Civil Revision Petition was
dismissed on 10.09.1987.
Above
being the position, we are not inclined to interfere in the matter. Though the
question of applicability of Order XXI Rule 64 of the Code should not have been
considered by the High Court in view of the dismissal of earlier Civil Revision
Petition, even otherwise no relief could have been granted to the appellant in
view of Article 134 of the Limitation Act.
Substantive
justice can be done to the parties if the order passed by the High Court
remitting the matter is maintained. But the question that has to be considered
will not be the validity of the sale, but the maintainability of the
application for delivery of the property.
The
appeal is accordingly dismissed. No costs.
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