V. Hucheswaran Vs. M/S.
Madras Hardware Mart [2005] Insc 571 (18 October 2005)
Dr.Ar. Lakshmanan &
Altamas Kabir Altamas Kabir,J.
O.S.No.683/1970 before the X Asstt.Judge, City Civil Court, Madras was a
partition suit in which a preliminary decree for partition was passed on
28.4.1972 and was followed by a final decree for partition on 1.12.1975. The
1st defendant in the suit is the father and the 2nd , 3rd and 4th defendants
and the 1st plaintiff are the sons. The 1st plaintiff having died, his legal representatives
were brought on record as plaintiffs in his place.
Several Civil Revision Petitions, being C.R.P.Nos.711/1993, 4,5, and 7 of
1995, all arising out of the aforesaid suit, were taken up for hearing and
disposal together by a learned single Judge of the Madras High Court and were
disposed of by his judgment and order dated 22.11.1995.
The suit was in respect of a house property and by the preliminary decree,
the 1/5th share of each of the parties was declared. By the final decree, the
1st plaintiff and 2nd and 3rd defendants were directed to sell their 3/5th
share to the 1st and 4th defendants who owned the remaining 2/5th share
together. The 5th defendant in the suit was a mortgagee under a mortgage deed
executed by the 1st defendant on 7.3.1970 in respect of his 1/5th share in the
suit property. By a subsequent deed, the 5th defendant assigned the said
mortgage to the 6th defendant on 24.7.1975. The 6th defendant, who was a tenant
of a portion of the said property, was not a party in the suit originally, but
he was subsequently impleaded and brought on record as the 6th defendant.
The 1st defendant sold his 1/5th share to the 6th defendant by a sale deed
dated 16.5.1975. The 4th defendant also sold his 1/5th share to the 6th
defendant by another sale deed dated 18.5.1975. In fact, these sale deeds were
executed prior to the passing of the final decree for partition. After the
final decree for partition, the plaintiffs also sold their 1/5th share to the
6th defendant by a sale deed dated 16.2.1976 and soon thereafter the 3rd
defendant also sold his 1/5th share in the suit property to the 6th defendant
by a sale deed dated 3.3.1976. By virtue of the said conveyances, the 6th
defendant became the owner of a 4/5th share in the suit property. The 2nd defendant
did not, however, sell his 1/5th share in the suit property to the 6th
defendant despite the direction given in the final decree dated 1.12.1975. The
1st and 4th defendants, without filing execution petition for obtaining sale
deed pursuant to the final decree, assigned their interest in the final decree
in favour of the 6th defendant on 25.1.1984.
After the said assignment, the 6th defendant filed I.A.No.10085/1987 praying
for engrossing the final decree so that the execution petition could be filed
for executing the final decree. The said I.A. was allowed on 23.2.1987 and the
delay in depositing the required stamp was condoned.
Subsequently, the 6th defendant filed execution petition in December, 1990,
beyond 12 years from the date of the final decree for execution of the decree.
The said execution petition was filed against the 2nd defendant/judgment
debtor alone since all the other co-sharers had transferred their respective
interests in the suit property in favour of the 6th defendant. By Order dated
3.9.1981, the said execution application was rejected on ground of limitation
in view of the period prescribed under Article 136 of the Limitation Act.
The 6th defendant thereafter filed a Civil Revision Petition No.711/1993
against the said order of rejection making the 2nd defendant, V. Hutcheswaran,
a party in the execution petition. The said respondent filed three separate
Civil Revision Petitions namely, 4,5 and 7 of 1995 against the common Order
dated 25.5.1992 whereby certain directions had been given regarding collection
of rents by the advocate receiver and the deposit thereof with the 6th
defendant in respect of his 4/5th share in the suit property. As indicated
hereinabove, all the said applications were taken up for hearing and disposal
together by the learned single Judge of the Madras High Court who by his
judgment and order dated 22.11.1995 allowed the revision application filed by
the 6th defendant upon holding that the executing court had erred in rejecting
the execution application filed by the said 6th defendant. The Order dated
3.9.1991 rejecting the execution application was set aside and the matter was
remanded to the executing court for dealing with the same on merits.
Simultaneously, the three other Civil Revision Petitions filed by the 2nd
defendant, V.
Hutcheswaran, were dismissed with costs.
The present Special Leave Petitions are directed against the said judgment
and order of the learned single Judge of the Madras High Court dated
22.11.1995.
As will appear from the record, leave was duly granted on 2.11.2001 and the
two appeals filed by the 2nd defendant, V. Hutcheswaran, were posted for final
hearing. During the course of the hearing, an affidavit filed on behalf of the
6th defendant in SLP (Civil) No.15893-94/96 was brought to our notice by
learned counsel for the respondent and it was pointed out therefrom that after
the judgment was delivered in Civil Revision Petition No.711/1993, the 6th
defendant, as the decree holder, filed a petition, being E.P.No. 5430/1995, for
a direction upon the 2nd defendant/judgment debtor for sale of his remaining
1/5th share in the suit property. The same was taken up for hearing and allowed
by the Executing Court.
The judgment debtor challenged the said order before the Addl.Judge, City
Civil Court, Madras, by way of C.M.A.No.168/1996, which was also allowed. The
order of the 1st appellate court was, however, set aside in revision by the
High Court in C.R.P.No.305/1997 and the order passed by the executing court in
E.P.No.5430/1995 was restored. A Special Leave Petition filed by the 2nd
defendant/judgment debtor against the said order in revision was subsequently
withdrawn on 31.8.1998. Consequently, a sale deed in respect of the 1/5th share
of the 2nd defendant/judgment debtor was executed and registered in favour of
the 6th defendant/decree holder on 5.2.1999 before the Sub Registrar,
Sowcarpet, Chennai. By virtue of the said sale deed, the 6th defendant/decree
holder became the owner of the entire suit property and prayed for delivery of
possession of the property in occupation of the 2nd defendant/judgment debtor
before the City Civil Court, Chennai. Pursuant to the orders passed by the said
court possession of the said portion of the property in occupation of the 2nd
defendant/judgment debtor was delivered on 12.4.1999 to the 6th
defendant/decree holder, who is the respondent no.1 in the instant Appeal, with
the help of the court bailiff and the police authorities.
In view of the said development, a rejoinder affidavit appears to have been
filed on behalf of the 2nd defendant/judgment debtor in the appeals on
26.10.2001, inter alia for restitution to the position he was in before the
filing of the execution application.
The said application was, in fact, taken up for hearing along with the
appeals.
Learned counsel appearing for the appellant submitted that the learned
single Judge of the Madras High Court had erred in allowing the application
filed by the decree holder, being C.R.P.No.711/1993, under Section 115 of the
Code of Civil Procedure, in view of a recent judgment of this Court in Hameed
Joharan (D) & Ors. vs. Abdul Salam (D) by LRs. & Ors., (2001) 7 SCC
573, in which the same point relating to enforceability and/or executability of
a final decree in a partition suit was under consideration and it was held that
the period of limitation commenced from the date of the decree and not from the
date on which the certified copy was made available.
Learned counsel further submitted that on the strength of the said analogy,
the order passed by the learned single Judge condoning the delay in filing of
the execution petition was erroneous and was liable to be set aside and
consequently the 2nd defendant/judgment debtor was entitled to restitution.
It was also urged that on account of the error committed by the court, the
parties to a litigation should not be made to suffer and since the 2nd
defendant/judgment debtor/appellant had been dispossessed from the suit
property by an order of the court, he was entitled to restitution on account of
the maxim actus curiae neminem gravabit (an act of the court shall prejudice no
man).
In support of the said proposition, the learned counsel referred to and
relied on a decision of this Court in Prasanna Kumar Roy Karmakar vs. State of
West Bengal & Ors., (1996) 3 SCC 403, wherein the said principle had been
discussed and explained.
Learned counsel urged that in the interest of justice an order for
restitution should be made in favour of the 2nd defendant/judgment debtor appellant
herein.
The submissions made on behalf of the appellant were strenuously opposed on
behalf of the respondent/decree holder and it was submitted that it was because
of the recalcitrant attitude of the 2nd defendant that the respondent/decree
holder had to take recourse to separate proceedings in the execution case for
the 1/5th share of the 2nd defendant in the suit property to be transferred to
him. It was submitted that the delay in applying for execution of the final
decree was caused mainly by the acts of the 2nd defendant/judgment debtor, the
appellant.
It was also urged that since the decree holder/respondent had become the
full owner of the suit property, the question of restitution would not arise
inasmuch as the judgment debtor/appellant did not retain any interest in the
suit property after his share had been conveyed to the decree
holder/respondent. It was urged that the entire submissions made on behalf of
the judgment debtor/appellant was an exercise in futility and deserved to be
rejected.
Having considered the submissions made on behalf of the respective parties
and having gone through the materials on record, we are inclined to accept the
submissions made on behalf of the decree holder/respondent. Having withdrawn
the Special Leave Petition which had been filed by him (appellant) against the
order by which his share in the suit property had been conveyed to the decree
holder/respondent, the question of restitution to the position prior to the
execution of the decree does not and/or cannot arise. In our view, the order
passed by the Madras High Court in C.R.P.No.305/1997 having become final with
the withdrawal of SLP ) No.
13522/1998, it is no longer open to the judgment debtor/appellant to pray
for restitution notwithstanding the decision in the case of Hameed Joharan or
that of Prasanna Kumar Roy Karmakar (supra). The fact situation is such that it
does not call for any interference with the impugned order passed by the High
Court at Madras and the instant appeals must, therefore, fail and are
dismissed.
There will, however, be no order as to costs.
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