Himanshu Chandravadan Desai & Ors Vs. State of Gujarat [2005] Insc 643 (16 November 2005)

S. B. Sinha & R. V. Raveendran [Arising out of SLP (Crl.) No.1818 of 2004] RAVEENDRAN J., Leave granted. The appellants have challenged the order dated 15.12.2003 passed by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad, rejecting their application for bail filed under Section 439 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.

2. First appellant was one of the Directors of M/s Charotar Nagarik Sahakari Bank Limited [for short 'the Bank']. He became a shareholder of the bank on 18.10.99 and was appointed as a Director on the same day. It is alleged that one Chiman Sathi, Managing Director of the said bank, first appellant and other Directors of the bank siphoned off the funds of the bank by bogus loans and fictitious letters of credit in the name of their friends, relatives, associates and name-lender companies either without any security or with wholly inadequate security.

3. The wives of appellant Nos. 1 and 2 along with appellant No.3 are the Directors of M/s Bhavika Creations which is one of the beneficiaries of the illegal and collusive loans/credit facilities given by the Bank. It is alleged that appellant nos. 2 & 3 actively assisted and supported appellant no. 1 in several fraudulent transactions in the name of Bhavika Creations, Jayraj Multimedia, Hindustan Earthmovers Pvt. Ltd., Rahul Industries, Innovative Hydraulics (P) Ltd., Satya Sulpher (P) Ltd., Raheja Textile Industries, Bhanu Sulpher Industries Ltd., Trigon Jinco Co. etc.

The State alleges that the following fraudulent transactions involving appellant nos. 1, 2 & 3 and Chiman Sathi, which aggregate to more than Rs.50 crores, took place in the year 2000- 01 :- S.

No.

Transaction Amount Name of Beneficiary 1.

4 letter of credit 10.95 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 and Chiman Sathi 2.

Term loan to Jayraj Multimedia, Vadodara (12.6.2000) 6.47 crores Appellant No. 1 3.

Term loan to Hindustan Earthmovers Pvt. Ltd.

(27.6.2000) 3 crores Appellant No. 1 4.

Letter of credit in the name of Trigon Jinco Co. in Baroda Peoples Cooperative Bank Limited.

(6.11.2000) 4.956 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 5.

Discounted letter of credit in the name of Rahul Industries.

(8.11.2000) 4.67 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 6.

Loan given to Bhavika Creations (9.11.2000) 0.50 crores Appellant No. 1 and others 7.

Discounted Letter of Credit of Innovative Hydraulics Pvt. Ltd., Waghodia (14.11.2000) 4.98 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 8.

Discounted Letter of Credit (12.12.2000) 2.67 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 9.

Letter of credit in discounted by Himanshu Desai and his associates in the name of bogus company, Satya Sulpher Pvt. Ltd., (27.12.2000) 3.128 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 10.

Bogus letter of credit discounted by Himanshu Desai in the name of bogus company, Raheja Textile Industry (27.12.2000) 2.486 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 11.

In the name of Bhanu Sulpher Industries Pvt. Ltd.

(27.12.2000) 2.486 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 12.

Bogus Letter of Credit in NRI account of Shri Subhash Mehta 7 crores Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 and Chiman Sathi 13.

Vehicle loan to Himanshu Desai

1.4 lakhs Appellant No. 1 14.

Vehicle loan to Bhavika Creations.

4 lakhs Appellants Nos. 1 to 3 It is also alleged that Chiman Sathi (Managing Director) and other Directors were involved in other fraudulent transactions relating to the Bank, which are not relevant for the purpose of this Appeal.

4. In regard to the said bank scam, the bank lodged a complaint with the Police Station, Anand Town vide Criminal No.6 of 2002 for offences punishable under sections 409, 468 and 114 of Indian Penal Code. It is stated that the Appellants voluntarily surrendered on 24.10.2002 and are in custody even since then.

On completion of investigation, a charge-sheet was filed on 22.1.2003 under sections 409, 465,466, 467, 468,470, 471, 406, 420 and 120-B of IPC against the Directors of the Bank.

5. It is alleged that Appellants filed Criminal Misc. Appeal Nos.

747/2000, 6/2003 and 479/2003 seeking regular bail which were rejected by the Sessions Judge, Anand on 5.4.2003, 16.5.2003 and 21.11.2003 respectively. The Appellants filed Criminal Misc.

Appeal Nos. 6523/2003 and 6520/2003 before the High Court of Gujarat which were withdrawn. After rejection of Criminal Misc.

Appeal No. 479/2003 by the Sessions Judge, the appellants moved a regular bail application (Criminal Misc. Application No.

10003 of 2003) in the High Court of Gujarat. The High Court after referring to the clandestine and fraudulent nature of the transactions rejected the application. The said order is challenged in this appeal, urging the following contentions :- a) The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and other Directors of the Bank who were also allegedly involved in the said offence have been released on regular bail. [Reliance is placed on order of this Court dated 14.7.2003 in Criminal Appeal No. 802 of 2003 granting bail to one Rajendra Kumar Dhanraj Banthia, a share broker who according to appellants was the real beneficiary and took the siphoned money from the bank] b) Even though the charge-sheet has been filed as long back as on 22.1.2003, charges have not been framed.

The investigation is completed. The prosecution has cited as many as 150 witness. The trial is likely to be protracted and therefore, appellants should be released on bail. It is contended that failure to do so would amount to detention by way of punishment.

c) Even if a prima facie case is established, where presence of the accused would readily be available for trial and there was no likelihood of the accused tampering with the evidence in view of completion of the investigation, the accused should not be detained, particularly when the accused has been long incarcerated and the trial is likely to consume long time vide Bhagirath Singh vs. State of Gujarat [1984 (1) SCC 284].

6. The cases of appellants cannot be compared with the others who have been released on bail. The cases of Appellants are more serious than the case of other Directors (except the case of Chiman Sathi). Further, the State has pointed out that one or two Directors of the Bank were released on the ground of old age and medical problems; and other Directors were released on bail after they repaid their entire dues. It is also submitted that in regard to three sons of Chiman Sathi (the then Managing Director of the Bank), the High Court cancelled the bail for not honouring the undertaking and repaying the dues. The case of Rajendra Banthia (share-broker) is different and he apparently was not directly involved in defrauding the Bank.

7. A Constitution Bench of this Court in Bihar Legal Support Society v. Chief Justice of India & Anr. [1986 (4) SCC 767] has held that this Court should not ordinarily, save in exceptional cases, interfere with orders granting or refusing bail by the High Court because the High Court should normally be the final arbiter in such matters. The crime in which the petitioners are involved is very serious involving a conspiracy to cheat and defraud public institutions in a systematic manner and the punishment is likely to be severe in the event of conviction. The High Court has recorded a finding that the material shows that the petitioners are prima facie involved in the offence. Large portion of the amount advanced to Bhavika Creations (about Rs. 7.5 crores) has allegedly been diverted by appellant No.1 for acquiring shares in Nedungadi Bank Ltd. As a result of the scam, the Bank is under liquidation from 31.7.2003. On account of the fraudulent activities of the then Managing Director and Appellant No.1 (the then Director) and Appellants Nos. 2 and 3, nearly Rs.23 crores is due from Bhavika Creations alone. Having regard to huge amounts involved in the systematic fraud, there is a danger of the appellants absconding, if released on bail, or attempting to tamper with the evidence by pressurizing witnesses. In the circumstances, we do not find any reason to interfere with the order refusing bail as grant of the relief sought may result in thwarting the course of justice. The appeal is, therefore, dismissed.

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