Sridevi
& Ors Vs. Jayaraja Shetty & Ors [2005] Insc 65 (28 January 2005)
Ashok
Bhan & A.K. Mathur
Plaintiffs
who are the appellants have filed this appeal assailing the judgment and decree
passed by the High Court of Karnataka in Regular First Appeal No. 715 of 1988
to the extent it has gone against them. By the impugned judgment, the High
Court has affirmed the judgment and decree passed by the Trial Court.
Facts:
One Padmayya
Kambali was the owner of the disputed suit properties. He had four sons and three
daughters. Appellant Nos. 1 & 2 are the daughters and appellant No. 3 is
the granddaughter through the third daughter who has died. Defendant- respondent
Nos. 1 to 12 are the grandchildren of Padmayya Kambali through his three sons
and 13th Respondent is his 4th son. Padmayya Kambali died on 13.4.1976. At the
time of his death he left behind vast properties some of which he had inherited
from his brother and includes properties which vested in the State of Karnataka in respect of which compensation was
paid. He executed a will dated 28.3.1976 (Exhibit D-1) which was got registered
on 11.9.1980 Appellants filed the suit being Original Suit No. 5 of 1981 for
partition and separate possession of 7th share for each of the appellants of
the properties described in the Schedules 'A', 'B', 'C' and 'D' attached to the
plaint. Schedule properties 'A', 'B' and 'C' are immovable properties whereas
'D' schedule properties are movable properties. It was alleged in the plaint
that the suit properties are the Joint Hindu Family properties and the
appellants being the natural heirs are entitled to 7th share each in the suit
properties. It was also averred that respondents were enjoying the properties
to the exclusion of the appellants and were not willing to partition the
properties or come to a reasonable or amicable settlement. Nothing has been
stated about the will in the plaint as according to them it had not been
brought to their notice prior to the filing of the written statement.
Respondent
Nos. 1-7 in their written statement admitted the contents of the plaint.
Respondent Nos. 8-12, wife and children of Darmaraja Kadamba (a pre-deceased
son of the testator), and Respondent No. 13 Raviraja Kadamba contested the
suit.
According
to them, there was a partition in the family under a Registered Partition Deed
(Exhibit D- 4) dated 4.1.1961. Under the said partition, the female members
were allotted major shares in the properties which were in personal cultivation
and enjoyment of the family whereas Dharmaraja Kadamba (deceased) husband
& father of Respondent Nos. 8 to 12 and Raviraja Kadamba Respondent No. 13,
were allotted properties which were in possession of the tenants. After the
coming into force of the Karnataka Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1973, Act 1 of
974, all tenanted lands vested in the Government and the two sons were left
with no properties. In order to correct the injustice done to these two sons, Padmayya
Kambali bequeathed schedule properties 'A' and 'B' (which were not under the
tenants) in their favour and the daughters i.e. the appellants were given the
right to receive compensation in lieu of the lands which were with the tenants
and had vested in the Government under the Land Reforms Act. It was averred
that Padmayya Kambali executed the will of his own while in sound disposing
mind. At the time of execution of the will, he was in possession of his
physical and mental faculties. It was averred that except the properties which
are the subject matter of this appeal and are shown in schedule 'A' & 'B'
to the will, other properties were amenable to partition.
Insofar
as immovable properties are concerned, they were divided amongst the heirs soonafter
the death of Padmayya Kambali. It was also averred that the contents of the
will executed by the testator were disclosed at the time of final obeisance
ceremony of Padmayya Kambali in the year 1976.
The
Trial Court framed relevant issues.
Appellants
examined PWs. 1 to 4 and got marked Exhibits P-1 to P-15. The respondents
examined 5 witnesses which included Respondent No. 13 himself, Scribe and two
attesting witnesses of the will, hand-writing expert and got marked documents
Exhibits D-1 to D-5.
The
Trial Court after considering the entire material and evidence on record found
that the will executed by Padmayya Kambali was genuine and valid.
It was
held that the schedule properties Schedule 'A' & 'B' bequeathed in favour
of his two sons viz.
Dharmaraja
Kadamba and Raviraja Kadamba under the will are not amenable to partition.
Regarding the other properties the suit was decreed. There is no dispute
regarding the properties in respect of which the suit has been decreed.
Assailing
the findings of the Trial Court that the will is genuine and valid, the
appellants filed First Appeal in the High Court. It was alleged in the memo of
appeal that the execution of the will has not been proved in accordance with
law and that there were suspicious circumstances surrounding the will which the
propounder of the will failed to dispel by leading cogent and acceptable
evidence.
The
High Court after re-examining the entire evidence present on the record held
that the scribe in his testimony had vividly stated that the will was drafted
on the dictation of the testator as per his desire. The two attesting witnesses
had stated that the will was read to the testator and the testator, after
understanding the contents thereof, signed the same. The testator signed the
will in their presence and they had signed the will as attesting witnesses in
his presence. Hand-writing expert produced by Respondent Nos. 8-13 corroborated
the testimony of the scribe and the two attesting witnesses. He compared the
signatures of the testator on the will (at 6 places) with his admitted
signatures and in his opinion the signatures appending to the will were that of
the testator.
Accordingly,
the appeal was dismissed aggrieved against which the present appeal has been
filed.
Counsel
for the parties addressed arguments on Issue No. 4 only, which is to the
following effect :- "Whether the Will dated 28.3.1976 executed by Late Padmaraja
Kambali set up by the defendants 8 to 13 is true and valid and executed by late
Padmaraja Kambali in sound and disposing state of mind?" Shri Sanjay
Parikh, learned advocate appearing for the appellants strenuously contended
that the will propounded by the respondents was not a duly executed will.
According to him, the burden to prove due execution of the will was on the propounders
of the will which they have failed to discharge. That the will was surrounded
by suspicious circumstances. The burden to remove the suspicion on the due
execution of the will was also on the propounders which they have failed to
discharge. According to him, the testator died within 15 days of the execution
of the will and that he did not have the testamentary capacity to execute the
will. Respondent No. 13 had taken a prominent part in the execution of the will
as he was present in the house at the time of the alleged execution of the
will. That natural heirs had been excluded from the properties bequeathed in favour
of Dharmaraja Kadamba and Raviraja Kadamba without any valid reasons. That the
respondents had failed to disclose the execution of the will in any of the
earlier proceedings before the revenue authorities and the forest authorities
which were contested between the appellants and Respondent Nos. 8-13 which
throws a grave and serious doubt about the due execution of the will. That the
will was got registered after a lapse of 4 years and did not see the light of
the day till it was produced in the present proceedings after a lapse of more
than 6 years. That the burden to dispel the suspicious circumstance enumerated
above was on the propounders of the will which they had failed to discharge by
leading cogent and acceptable evidence. As against this, Dr. Rajeev Dhavan,
learned Senior Counsel appearing for the Respondent Nos. 8-13 contended that
the due execution of the will had been proved by the testimony of the scribe
and the two attesting witnesses coupled with the testimony of the hand-writing
expert. That the attesting witnesses have categorically stated that the will
had been executed in their presence and the testator signed the same while in
sound disposing mind and in possession of full physical and mental faculties.
The
need to register the will after a lapse of 4 years arose as per the legal
advice given to them.
That
the will had been disclosed to the respondents at the time of final obeisance
ceremony of the deceased in the year 1976, and then in the year 1978 in the
proceedings before the forest authorities.
That
the will was disclosed to the entire world at the time of its registration on
11.9.1980.
According
to him, there were no suspicious circumstances attending the due execution of
the will and even if there were any such circumstances, the same had been
dispelled by the respondents by leading cogent evidence.
It is
well settled proposition of law that mode of proving the will does not differ
from that of proving any other document except as to the special requirement of
attestation prescribed in the case of a will by Section 63 of the Indian
Succession Act, 1925. The onus to prove the will is on the propounder and in
the absence of suspicious circumstances surrounding the execution of the will,
proof of testamentary capacity and proof of the signature of the testator, as
required by law, need be sufficient to discharge the onus. Where there are
suspicious circumstances, the onus would again be on the propounder to explain
them to the satisfaction of the court before the will can be accepted as
genuine. Proof in either case cannot be mathematically precise and certain and
should be one of satisfaction of a prudent mind in such matters.
In
case the person contesting the will alleges undue influence, fraud or coercion,
the onus will be on him to prove the same. As to what are suspicious
circumstances have to be judged in the facts and circumstances of each
particular case. {For this see H. Venkatachala Iyengar v. B.N. Thimmajamma
& Ors. [(1959) Supp.1 SCR 426] and the subsequent judgments Ramachandra Rambux
v. Champabai & Ors.[(1964) 6 SCR 814]; Surendra Pal & Ors. v. Dr.
(Mrs.) Saraswati Arora & Anr. [(1974) 2 SCC 600]; Smt. Jaswant Kaur v. Smt.
Amrit Kaur & Ors. [(1977) 1 SCC 369]; and Meenakshiammal (Dead) thr. LRs.
& Ors. v. Chandrasekaran & Anr. [(2005) 1 SCC 280] In the light of this
settled position of the law, we have to examine as to whether the will under
consideration had been duly executed and the propounders of the will had
dispelled the suspicious circumstances surrounding the will.
Although
the Trial Court as well as the High Court recorded a finding of fact that the
will had been duly executed, but on the insistence of the counsel for the
parties we have gone through the evidence of the scribe, two attesting
witnesses and hand-writing expert at length.
The propounder
of the will has to show that the will was signed by the testator; that he was
at the relevant time in sound disposing state of mind; that he understood the
nature and effect of dispositions and had put his signatures to the testament
of his own free will and that he had signed it in the presence of the two
witnesses who attested in his presence and in the presence of each other. Once
these elements are established, the onus which rests on the propounder is
discharged. DW-2, the scribe, in his testimony has categorically stated that
the will was scribed by him at the dictation of the testator. The two attesting
witnesses have deposed that the testator had signed the will in their presence
while in sound disposing state of mind after understanding the nature and
effect of dispositions made by him. That he signed the will in their presence
and they had signed the will in his presence and in the presence of each other.
In cross-examination, the appellants failed to elicit anything which could
persuade us to disbelieve their testimony. It has not been show that they were
in any way interested in the propounders of the will or that on their asking
they could have deposed falsely in court. Their testimony inspires confidence.
The testimony of the Scribe (DW-2) and the two attesting witnesses (DWs. 3
& 4) is fully corroborated by the statement of hand-writing expert (DW-5).
The will runs into 6 pages. The testator had signed each of the 6 pages.
Hand-writing expert compared the signatures of the testator with his admitted
signatures. He has opined that the signatures on the will are that of the
testator. In our view, the will had been duly executed.
Coming
to the suspicious circumstances surrounding the will, it may be stated that
although the testator was 80 years of age at the time of the execution of the
will and he died after 15 days of the execution of the will, the two attesting
witnesses and the scribe have categorically stated that the testator was in
sound state of health and possessed his full physical and mental faculties.
Except
that the deceased is 80 years of age and that he died within 15 days of the
execution of the will, nothing has been brought on record to show that the
testator was not in good health or possessed of his physical or mental
faculties. From the cross- examination of the scribe and the two attesting
witnesses, the appellants have failed to bring out anything which could have
put a doubt regarding the physical or mental incapacity of the testator to
execute the will. Submission of the learned counsel for the appellants that the
testator had deprived the other heirs of his property is not true. The family
properties had been partitioned in the year 1961. The shares which were given
to Dharmaraja Kadamba and Raviraja Kadamba were in possession of tenants and
vested in the State Government after coming into force of Karnataka Land
Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1973 whereas the properties which had been given to
the daughters were in the personal cultivation of the family. The testator
while executing the will bequeathed the properties which had fallen to his
share in the partition and which he had inherited from his brother which were
in his personal cultivation in favour of his two sons Dharmaraja Kadamba and Raviraja
Kadamba and gave the right to receive compensation to other heirs of the
properties which were under the tenants and had vested in the State Government.
It is not a case where the father had deprived his other children totally from
inheritance. Reasons for unequal distribution have been given in the will
itself.
This
had been done by him to balance the equitable distribution of the properties in
favour of all his children.
Counsel
for the appellants argued that Respondent No. 13 had taken prominent part in
the execution of the will as he was present in the house at the time of the
alleged execution of the will.
We do
not find any merit in this submission. Apart from establishing his presence in
the house, no other part is attributed to Respondent No. 13 regarding the
execution of the will. Mere presence in the house would not prove that he had
taken prominent part in the execution of the will.
Moreover,
both the attesting witnesses have also stated that the daughters were also
present in the house at the time of execution of the will. The attesting
witnesses were not questioned regarding the presence of the daughters at the
time of the execution of the will in the cross-examination. The presence of the
daughters in the house at the time of execution of the will itself dispels any
doubt about the so-called role which Respondent No. 13 had played in the
execution of the will. They have not even stepped into the witness box to say
as to what sort of role was played by Respondent No. 13 in the execution of the
will.
Another
suspicious circumstance which was highlighted at great length by the learned
counsel for the appellant is that the Respondent Nos. 8-13 had failed to
disclose the will for a period of 4 years in any of the earlier proceedings
before the revenue authorities and the forest authorities.
That
the will was got registered after a lapse of 4 years and did not see the light
of the day till the initiation of proceedings in the present suit. We do not
find any substance in this submission as well. Respondent No. 13 in his
testimony has stated that the contents of the will were disclosed in the year
1976 at the time of final obeisance ceremony of the testator. There is not much
of cross- examination of this witness on this point. None of the appellants
have stepped in the witness box.
Sukirthi
Hegde (PW-1), husband of Appellant No. 3 i.e. grand-daughter of the testator,
denies knowledge about the disclosure of the contents of the will at the time
of final obeisance ceremony of the testator. He has not even stated in his
testimony as to whether he was married to Appellant No. 3 at the time of the
death of the testator or that he was present at the time of final obeisance
ceremony of the testator. There is nothing on the record which could persuade
us to disbelieve the testimony of Raviraja Kadamba (DW-1). The case of the
respondents is that the will was disclosed in the year 1978 as well during the
proceedings pending before the forest authorities. Respondent No. 13 had moved
an application before the forest authorities for permission to cut the trees
standing on the land which had come to his share under the will. It was
contested by the appellants. A settlement was arrived at and the three
daughters viz. Padmaraja Kadamba, Sridevi and Muttu @ Dejamma (out of whom two
are the appellants and 3rd died and is now represented through her daughter) in
a joint statement filed before the authorities, categorically stated that
"we do not have any right over the said land". It was also stated
that after the death of their father, they did not have any objection for the
grant of general certificate authorizing Respondent No. 13 to cut the trees in
Survey No. 189. In view of this statement, it does not lie in the mouth of the
appellants to contend that they had any right over the property. From this it
can be safely presumed that the statement that they did not have any right in
the land was made by them only after knowing the contents of the will. Both the
attesting witnesses have stated that the daughters were present at the time of
the execution of the will. This assertion of the two attesting witnesses has
not been controverted by either of the daughters by appearing in the witness
box. From their presence in the house at the time of the execution of the will,
it can reasonably be inferred that they had knowledge about the execution of
the will. Under these circumstances, it cannot be held that the execution of
the will had not been brought to the notice of the appellants.
At the
time of registration of the will on 11.9.1980, the scribe and the two attesting
witnesses had been produced before the Registrar.
Their
statements were recorded and only after satisfying himself, the Registrar
registered the will. The statements of the scribe and the two attesting
witnesses before the Registrar are in harmony with the statements made by them
in the court. Another circumstances which was stressed during the course of the
arguments by the counsel for the appellants was that although it was not necessary
to get the will registered, but still the respondents got it registered after a
period of 4 years only to lend authenticity to the will.
According
to Respondent No. 13, the will was got registered on the advice of a lawyer to
enable them to produce it before various authorities. Since we have come to the
conclusion that the daughters were present at the time of execution of the will
by the testator and the execution of the same was disclosed at the time of
final obeisance ceremony of the testator and that the will had also been
brought to the notice of the appellants in the year 1978 during the proceedings
before the forest authorities, the registration of the will in the year 1980 by
itself does not cast a doubt regarding the execution of the will in the year
1976.
For
the reasons stated above, we do not find any merit in this appeal and the same
is dismissed with no order as to costs.
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