India Literacy Board & Ors Vs. Veena Chaturvedi
& Ors [2005] Insc 110 (21 February 2005)
Ashok
Bhan & Dr. Ar. Lakshmanan
(arising
out of Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 10373 of 2003) Dr. AR. Lakshmanan, J.
Leave
granted.
This
civil appeal is directed against the final judgment and order dated 08.05.2003
passed by the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, Lucknow Bench in C.M.
Application No. 18906/2002 in Special Appeal No. 296 (S/B)/2001 whereby the
High Court has dismissed the petition.
The
appellant India Literacy Board is imparting education to children upto Class
VIII at Lucknow, which is now a separately
registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860. The respondents
were appointed as teachers on purely contractual basis subject to the terms and
conditions which were made part of the written contract duly executed by the
respondents respectively for fixed periods. An advertisement was got published
by the Management of the appellant-Board for appointment of teachers. The respondents
along with others were eligible to apply again for fresh contractual
employment. The respondents instead of applying in response to the
advertisement chose to approach the High Court by filing writ petition No. 2917
(S/S)/2001, praying for the following reliefs:
"(a)
to issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of Certiorari quashing the
advertisement as published in "Dainik Jagran" dated 6.6.2001, the
true copy of which is contained as Annexure-22 to the writ petition, as it
relates to the post of Assistant Teachers of Welthy-fisher Children's Academy,
India, India Literacy Board, Literacy House, Kanpur Road, Lucknow, held by the
petitioners.
(b) to
issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of Mandamus commanding the
opposite parties not to hold any selection and appointment from outside against
the post of Assistant Teachers against which the petitioners have been working
since last many years pursuant to the impugned advertisement contained in
Annexure-22 to the writ petition.
(c) to
issue a writ, order or direction in the nature of Mandamus commanding the
opposite parties to allow the petitioners to continue as Assistant Teachers of Welthy-fisher
Children's Academy, India, India Literacy Board, Literacy House, Kanpur Road, Lucknow
and to pay to the petitioners their salary at par as admissible to an Assistant
Teacher of a Basic School run and managed by the "U.P. Basic Shiksha Parishad"
together with all allowances as also together with the arrears of salary."
They alleged that the appellant-Society is an instrumentality of the State
within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India.
On
21.06.2001, the High Court passed the following interim order:
"Learned
counsel for the petitioners has pointed out that in pursuance of the
advertisement dated 6.6.2001 which has been annexed as Annexure-21 to the writ petition,
the respondents are going to make selection although the petitioners are
working with the respondents since last 8-13 years. In view of this, it is
hereby provided that this matter be listed before appropriate Bench on
3.7.2001.
In the
meantime, any selection is finalized, that will not be implemented till
3.7.2001." The writ petition was again listed on 03.07.2001. The
appellants raised a preliminary objection regarding the maintainability of the
writ petition itself. The case was listed again on 19.07.2001. Counter and
rejoinder affidavits were exchanged between the parties. The appellants filed
an application for vacation of the ex-parte interim order dated 21.06.2001. It
was submitted by counsel for the appellant that the respondents are in a purely
contractual employment and have no right to continue in service and their
grievance is also not amenable to writ jurisdiction. In support of their
contention, certain rulings of the Allahabad High Court and other rulings were
relied on.
Feeling
aggrieved by the interim orders dated 21.06.2001 and 20.07.2001, which
according to the appellant amounts to final decision, the appellant filed a
special appeal before the Division Bench of the High Court.
The
Division Bench passed the following order:
"We
are of the view that any observation of ours in the present special appeal will
ultimately prejudice the case of the parties before Hon'ble the single Judge in
the pending writ petition, hence we desisted ourselves from expressing any
view. Admittedly, the teachers have been serving in between 8 to 13 years. If
they continue for one month more in pursuance of the interim order, the India
Literacy Board will not suffer any loss.
In
view of the aforesaid reasons, we direct the Registry to list the writ petition
bearing No.2917/2001 (s/s) before Hon'ble single Judge in the next cause list.
On a
mention being made by the counsel of either of the parties before Hon'ble
single Judge may hear and decide the writ petition when the writ petition will
be listed. In case due to the unavoidable reason, the writ petition would not
be disposed of on the date of listing, Hon'ble the single Judge will fix
another date within a fortnight from the date of listing and decide the writ
petition on merit.
With
the aforesaid observations, the Special Appeal is disposed of." The
apparent intention of the Division Bench is thus seen that the matter was to be
finally decided within one month and further that if the respondents herein are
permitted to continue for one month more in pursuance of the interim order, the
appellant-Society shall not suffer any loss. Accordingly, the appellant paid
salary to the teachers in compliance of the order dated 10.08.2001.
However,
the case could not be decided despite the best efforts made by the parties. In
the meanwhile, the respondents filed contempt petition before the High Court
and the single Judge sitting in contempt proceedings passed the following
order:
"Shri
P.K. Sundriyal, Secretary, India Literacy Board, Literacy House, Alambagh has
stated before this Court that salary for one month was paid to the petitioners
and they were not allowed to work as teachers.
In the
instant case, a detailed interim order was passed by this Court on 20.7.2001
which was challenged by the opposite parties in special appeal.
The
Division Bench while deciding the special appeal also mentioned in the judgment
"Admittedly, the teachers have been serving in between 8 to 13 years. If
they continue for one month more in pursuance of the interim order, the India
Literacy Board will not suffer any loss." Sri P.K. Sundriyal knowingly and
deliberately has disobeyed the order passed by this Court by not allowing the
petitioners to work. There was no direction by this Court for payment of salary
to the petitioners in lieu of one month work and the intention of the Division
Bench was that the petitioners should be allowed to continue in service for one
month and no more.
Mere
giving one month's salary will not make compliance of the order passed by this
Court. Prima facie, Sri Sundriyal is guilty for disobeying the orders passed by
this Court." The respondents filed an application for clarification of the
order dated 10.08.2001 passed by the Division Bench. In the said application,
it was contended by the respondents that the Division Bench had directed the
appellants to allow the respondents to work and to pay their salaries but a
contingency was reflected in this direction because of the expectation of the
Division Bench that the writ petition may be disposed of within a fortnight.
The
respondents further contended that the purport of the said order passed by the
Division Bench was to allow the respondents to work and pay them their salary till
the decision of the writ petition. They alleged that the opposite parties and
the appellants have interpreted the order passed by the Division Bench
otherwise, and that they are taking undue benefit of the contingency expressed
by the Division Bench by taking the plea that only one month salary was to be
paid to the respondents by them and no more than that.
The
said application was posted before another Division Bench for hearing. The
appellant filed counter affidavit in the shape of objections to the said
application. The learned Judges of the Division Bench, by order dated 08.05.2003,
while clarifying the order dated 10.08.2001 observed that the respondents shall
be paid salary in terms of the order passed by the single Judge. Aggrieved by
the order passed by the Division Bench, the above appeal, by way of special
leave petition, was filed before this Court.
On
08.07.2003, upon hearing the counsel, this Court made the following Order:
"Heard
the learned counsel for the petitioners.
It has
been pointed out by the learned counsel for the petitioners that despite the
final judgment rendered by the High Court of Allahabad holding that India
Literacy Board is not a State within the meaning of Article 12 of the
Constitution (Annexure P-3), High Court has entertained the petition and has
granted interim order. It is pointed out that even though the matter is fixed
for final disposal since last two years, it is not heard by the High Court.
Hence,
issue notice returnable within four weeks. Dasti in addition. Meantime,
operation of the impugned judgment is stayed." We heard Mr. Mahabir Singh,
learned counsel for the appellant and Mrs. Shobha Dikshit, learned senior
counsel for the respondents. Mr. Mahabir Singh made the following submissions:
1. The
Division Bench while clarifying the order dated 10.08.2001 failed to consider
the objections filed by the appellants;
2. The
appellant-Society is neither an instrumentality of the State nor a State within
the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India and, therefore, not
amenable to writ jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India;
3. The
learned single Judge, in the instant case, by passing the order dated
20.07.2001 has granted to the respondents the reliefs which could not have been
granted to them even at the time of final disposal of the writ petition;
4. The
respondents were appointed as teachers on contractual basis and their
appointment was extended from time to time on contractual basis with certain
terms and conditions to which the respondents have agreed;
5.
Since the contractual term/period was over, the appellant- Society issued an
advertisement for recruitment and that the appellant-Society is fully competent
to issue the advertisement.
However,
none of the respondents though eligible to apply again for fresh contractual
employment, have chosen to file the writ petition under mis-placed apprehension
that they would not be selected for fresh contract of employment;
6. The
respondents have utterly failed to disclose their substantive right to the post
and failed to point out violation of any statutory rule and are therefore not
entitled to any relief;
7. The
relationship between the appellant and the respondents is based on contract and
is purely one of master and servant.
Mrs. Shobha
Dikshit, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondents/teachers in reply
to the argument of learned counsel for the appellant submitted as follows:
1. The
respondents have experience of 8-13 years of service and that in the interest
of justice, the appellant should allow the respondents to work as teachers
pending disposal of the writ petition.
2. All
the respondents have rendered more than 8-13 years of service in the school
except the artificial breaks created and during all these periods they have
been paid a consolidated salary and by denying the payment of salary in the
admissible scale;
3. The
advertisement has been issued by the appellant in such a manner so as to oust
the respondents from the field of eligibility;
4. The
interpretation order of the Division Bench made by the appellant as if they are
not required to pay the salary after one month is not correct and the
appellants are duty bound to pay the salaries to the respondents as directed by
the learned Single Judge;
5. The
respondents who have rendered long continuous service as assistant teachers
under the appellant are aggrieved against the intermittent breaks created in
their services by issuing time- bound appointment orders from time to time and
by the action of the appellant in proceeding to issue advertisement for
selection against the posts held by the respondents in such a manner as to
completely oust the respondents from the field of eligibility and also against
the non-payment of salary as admissible to the teachers;
6. The
appellant-Society was established with an object of furthering the cause of
adult literacy and for other different laudable purposes enshrined under the
Constitution of India.
The
constitution and composition of the appellant-Board is such as to have the
pervading control of the Government of India in collaboration with the State
Government. The funds for running and maintaining the appellant-Board are
released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development, Government of
India and, therefore, the writ petition filed by the respondents in the High
Court is maintainable in law.
Concluding
her arguments, learned senior counsel for the respondents submitted that the
appellant cannot legally be permitted to proceed with the impugned action
pursuant to the impugned advertisement against the posts held by the
respondents nor can the appellant discontinue or dis-engage the respondents
from service. By issuing periodical appointment orders under the conditions of
payment of consolidated monthly amount, the respondents had been subjected to
an unfair treatment and to exploitation of labour which is specifically
forbidden under the constitutional scheme.
We
have carefully considered the rival submissions made by the respective counsel
appearing on the either side. We have also perused the orders passed by the
learned Single Judge and of the orders passed by the Division Bench.
A
perusal of the order passed by the High Court would clearly show that the High
Court as an interim measure directed issue of appointment order which was not
even the main relief claimed in the writ petition. The question is whether the reliefs
which are not prayed for or which are not claimed in the petition could have
been awarded by the High Court even before the disposal of the main case.
Another question would also arise as to whether the writ petition is
maintainable against the appellant-Board which according to the appellant is
neither an instrumentality of the State nor a State within the meaning of
Article 12 of the Constitution of India. A further question would also arise as
to whether the appellant is under an obligation to select the respondents as
teachers when the contract entered into by them ceased on 30.06.2001.
Leave
to appeal was sought for by the appellant on the above grounds, among others.
It has been consistently held by this Court in various cases that in a case of
contractual appointment for a fixed term, no mandamus can be issued for
continuing them in service but in the present case as an interim measure a
direction has been given by the High Court to issue appointment orders which
was not even the main relief claimed in the writ petition.
Though
we have extracted several legal contentions urged by the counsel appearing on
either side in this appeal, we refrain ourselves from expressing any view on
the merits of the rival contentions which is premature. Any observation of ours
in the present appeal will ultimately prejudice the case of the parties before
the High Court in the pending writ petition. It is stated by learned counsel
for the appellant that one month salary as directed by the High Court has
already been paid to the respondents in compliance of the order. Though a
specific direction was given by the Division Bench by its order dated
10.08.2001 to pay salary for one more month in pursuance of the interim order
the said order had been wrongly interpreted by another Division Bench of the
High Court. The order passed in the special appeal by the Division Bench also
observed that the question raised by the parties in the writ petition is an
arguable one. It is an admitted case that as on today the respondents are not
working in the school. When they are not in fact working in the school, they
are not entitled to any salary by applying the rule of no work, no pay. It is
not in dispute that the Management has issued an advertisement inviting
applications from eligible candidates. The respondents have in fact not applied
for the post in question in response to the advertisement chose to invoke the
extraordinary jurisdiction of the High Court under Article 226 of the
Constitution of India.
In our
opinion, the questions raised in the writ petition is an arguable one.
The
affidavits and counter affidavits have already been exchanged and, therefore,
in the interest of justice a direction should be issued to the High Court to
hear the writ petition which is ripe for hearing. As already stated, we have
desisted ourselves from expressing any view on the merits of the rival claims.
Interest of justice would be amply met if a direction is issued to the learned
Single Judge of the High Court with a request to take up the main writ petition
itself for final hearing and dispose of the same on merits including the
maintainability of the writ petition. We direct the Registrar General of the
High Court, Allahabad at Lucknow to immediately place the matter before a learned Single
Judge of the High Court after obtaining appropriate orders from the Hon'ble
Chief Justice for posting the said case before the concerned single Judge for
final disposal. Both the learned counsel appearing before us have assured that
they will extend their cooperation in disposing of the writ petition finally.
We
request the learned single Judge before whom the writ petition is posted to
take up this matter on priority basis and dispose of the same in accordance
with law within one month from the date of posting of the said case in his
Court.
The
civil appeal is disposed of accordingly. No costs.
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