M/S
Master Marine Services Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Metcalfe & Hodgkinson Pvt. Ltd. & Anr
[2005] Insc 257 (19
April 2005)
Cji
R.C. Lahoti & G. P. Mathur G.P. Mathur, J.
1.
This appeal, by special leave, has been preferred against the judgment and
order dated 15.12.2004 of Delhi High Court, by which the writ petition filed by
the first respondent, Metcalfe & Hodgkinson Pvt. Ltd. was allowed and the
contract of work of professional services given by second respondent, Container
Corporation of India in favour of the appellant was
quashed.
2. The
second respondent, Container Corporation of India (for short 'CONCOR') floated a limited tender in December 2003 for
hiring professional services for survey of containers and cargo at Inland
Container Depot (for short 'ICD'), Tughlakabad, Delhi, for a period of 24 months. The contract was to be awarded
through a two bid process.
The
first part was to consist of "Pre-Qualification Bid", which was to be
accompanied by various documents showing experience, constitution of the firm/company,
turn over for past three years, a copy of the license to act as surveyor/loss
assessor under the Insurance Act, 1938, besides other matters and earnest money
in the form of bank draft/pay order. The second part was to consist of the
"Financial Bid". The technical bid was to be opened on 15.12.2003 and
the financial bid was to be opened on 28.2.2004. After opening the technical
bid, the CONCOR pre-qualified two bidders, viz., the appellant and the first
respondent. Thereafter, the financial bid was opened. The bid of the appellant
was Rs.3.00 per container while that of the first respondent it was Rs.3.75 per
container and as the appellant's bid was 25 per cent lower than that submitted
by the first respondent, its bid was accepted and the work was awarded to it.
The
fist respondent initially filed Writ Petition (C) No.3687 of 2004 before the
Delhi High Court challenging the eligibility of the appellant to participate in
the tender process, mainly on the ground that the appellant did not have a license
to act as a surveyor/loss assessor under the Insurance Act, 1938, and in
support of this submission it was urged that on an earlier occasion, the bid
submitted by the appellant had been rejected on the said ground. The High Court
summarily dismissed the writ petition by observing that in the meanwhile the
appellant might have obtained the requisite license and the court cannot be
asked to undertake a roving or fishing enquiry as it is for the appropriate
authority to consider and decide the matter in accordance with law. The special
leave petition preferred by the first respondent against the said order was
also dismissed by this Court on 5.5.2004.
3.
Thereafter, the first respondent filed another writ petition on 27.5.2004
praying that the order passed by the second respondent awarding the contract of
survey of containers and cargo at ICD, Tughlakabad, Delhi and ancillary
facilities to the appellant pursuant to the tender notice dated 15.12.2003 be
quashed and a writ of mandamus be issued to the second respondent to award the
said contract to it (first respondent). The main plea taken in the writ
petition was that the appellant did not meet the eligibility criteria as it did
not have a liecence to act as surveyor/ loss assessor under the Insurance Act,
1938. In the counter affidavit filed by the CONCOR, it was pleaded that both
the appellant and the first respondent did not fulfill the conditions mentioned
in the eligibility criteria in the tender. However, clause 12 of the
Instructions regarding submission of tender provided that the CONCOR had the
power to relax the tender conditions and exercising power under the said
clause, it had qualified both the bidders in public interest. It was further
submitted that the appellant had submitted copy of license from the Insurance
Regulatory and Development Authority (for short 'IRDA') in the name of Percy Meher
Master. The appellant had clarified that the said license had been issued in
the name of Capt. Percy Meher Master in his capacity as proprietor of Master Marine
Services. Subsequently, the said proprietorship concern had been converted into
a private limited company, of which Capt. Percy Meher Master was appointed as
Chairman. The Tender Evaluation Committee (for short 'TEC') had deliberated
upon the said fact and after taking into consideration the fact that the
appellant was known to be an established surveyor doing work of number of
shipping lines and that Capt. Percy Meher Master had been appointed as Chairman
of the Company by its Board, the tender committee took a decision that the
financial bids of both the bidders be opened. The first respondent had enclosed
two IICL certificates, but the same were not in conformity with the tender
conditions. It was further pleaded that the major work (98%) under the contract
is of data entry i.e. recording of container number, seal number, condition of
seal and external condition of container on arrival and dispatch of containers
from the ICD for which the appellant had quoted Rs.3.00 per container against
Rs.3.75 of the first respondent and for such kind of work no license under IRDA
is required. Having regard to the fact that the bid offered by the first
respondent for external survey of a container, which is the main work, was 25
per cent higher than that of the appellant, the work was awarded to the
appellant.
4. The
appellant also filed a counter affidavit stating that Capt. Percy Meher Master
started a sole proprietorship business of marine and cargo surveyors by the
name of Master Marine Services in February, 1983. He had in his name a license
to act as a surveyor/loss assessor under the Insurance Act, 1938. As over the
years the business had considerably increased, a private limited company by the
name of Master Marine Services Pvt. Ltd. was formed on 6.10.1997, which took
over the entire business of the proprietorship concern. The main object of the
company is to carry out ship, cargo and marine surveys and to act as loss
assessors and technical consultants. In the company 40.02 per cent shares are
held by Capt. Percy Meher Master and the remaining shares are held by his wife,
son and daughter and all four of them are directors in the company.
It was
also stated that an agreement was entered into on 15.10.1997, whereunder Capt.
Percy Meher Master who is the Chairman and Managing Director of the company,
would be employed as a consultant with the company and he will sign all survey
reports on behalf of the company. Besides this, several other pleas were also
taken including a plea that the second writ petition was barred by the
principles of res judicata and Order 2 Rule 2 CPC as an earlier writ petition
filed by the first respondent had already been dismissed by the High Court and
the special leave petition preferred against the said order had also been
dismissed.
5. The
High Court after a detailed examination of the material on record held that the
appellant had failed to fulfill an essential pre- qualification norm as it did
not have a license to act as surveyor/loss assessor in its name under the
Insurance Act. It was further held that the second respondent, the CONCOR was
bound to observe the eligibility criteria scrupulously and consequently the bid
of the appellant could not be entertained. It was accordingly held that the
decision of the CONCOR to accept the tender of the appellant being violative of
the equity clause of the Constitution, suffers from the vice of arbitrariness
and, therefore, could not be sustained. The High Court accordingly allowed the
writ petition filed by the first respondent and quashed the award of contract
of professional services made in favour of the appellant. It was, however,
directed that in view of the fact that the appellant had already commenced the
work, it could continue to do the work assigned under the contract till the CONCOR
reconsidered the bid submitted by the first respondent. It was further directed
that it will be open to the CONCOR to negotiate with the first respondent the
bid price and if they are satisfied with their offer, the contract shall be
awarded to them, failing which fresh tenders may be invited.
6.
Learned counsel for the appellant has submitted that the only ground on which
the High Court has set aside the award of contract to the appellant is that it
does not possess a license to act as surveyor/loss assessor under the Insurance
Act, 1938. Initially in the year 1983, Capt. Percy Meher Master, who had a
license to act as surveyor/loss assessor under the Insurance Act, had started a
sole proprietorship business in the name of Master Marine Services. Subsequently,
on account of increase in business, he formed a private limited company in 1997
by the name of Master Marine Services Pvt. Ltd. (appellant herein), which took
over the entire business of Master Marine Services (the sole proprietorship
concern). Capt. Percy Meher Master holds 40.02 per cent share holding in the
said company and the remaining is held by his wife, son and daughter who are
all directors of the company. The company had also entered into an agreement whereunder
Capt. Percy Meher Master, who is also the Chairman and Managing Director of the
company, will be employed as consultant. Having regard to these facts, it could
not be said that the appellant did not hold a license to act as surveyor/loss
assessor.
Learned
counsel has further submitted that the tender document contained a clause that
the CONCOR had a right to relax the tender conditions. The TEC after careful
examination of the entire matter had approved the technical bid of the
appellant and in view of the fact that the bid made by the appellant was 25 per
cent lower than that of the first respondent, the contract was awarded to it.
It has thus been submitted that the High Court, while hearing a writ petition
under Article 226 of the Constitution, has not acted under the well-defined
parameters of judicial review of administrative action in setting aside the
order of the CONCOR in awarding the contract to the appellant. The learned
counsel for the first respondent has, on the other hand, submitted that the
condition regarding holding of a license to act as surveyor/loss assessor under
the Insurance Act was an essential condition which could not be relaxed.
Section
64-UM of the Insurance Act mandates that no person shall act as surveyor or
loss assessor in respect of general insurance business unless he holds a valid
license issued to him by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority.
Sub-section (D) of this Section lays down that no license to act as a surveyor
or loss assessor shall be issued unless the applicant, where he is an individual,
satisfies the Authority that he possesses the qualification enumerated in
sub-clauses (a) to (g) and where the applicant is a company or firm, it
satisfies the Authority that all its directors and partners, as the case may
be, possess one or more qualifications as aforesaid and none of such directors
or partners suffer from any of the disqualifications mentioned in sub-section
(4) of Section
42.
Learned counsel has thus submitted that there being no license in favour of the
appellant, which is a company, its technical bid ought to have been rejected
and there was no occasion for considering the financial bid made by it and in
such circumstances the CONCOR erred in awarding the contract to the appellant.
7. In
order to appreciate the contention raised by the learned counsel for the
parties, it is necessary to briefly notice the relevant part of the tender
document. Chapter I deals with 'Instructions Regarding Submission Of The
Tender'. Para 2 gives a long list of documents
which had to be submitted for pre-qualification bid. The relevant parts of para
1, para 2, para 3 and para 11 of the instructions are being reproduced below :
1. The
tendering will be through a two bid process. Document duly completed should be
submitted in two parts.
2.
First part will consist of "Pre-Qualification Bid" for tender for
professional services for survey of cargo/containers for CONCOR at ICD/TKD and
should be superscribed as such. It should be sealed in a separate envelope, to
be called envelope "A". The envelope must contain the following documents
:
(a)
.......................................
........................................................................
(g)
Copy of license to act as surveyor/loss assessor under Insurance Act, 1938.
.........................................................................
3. The
second part will consist of the "Financial Bid" for tender for
professional services for survey of containers and cargo for CONCOR at ICD/TKD
and should be superscribed similarly on the second envelope as such. Only the
Schedule of Rates as given in Annexure III should be completely filled up,
signed and placed in this envelope which should be sealed. This envelope will
be called Envelope "B".
....................................................................................
11.
CONCOR reserves the right to amend the tender document, if considered
necessary, with due intimation to respective tenderers prior to the last date
of submission. CONCOR also reserves the right to extend the date of submission
and opening of tender if considered necessary to allow reasonable time to the tenderers
in such cases.
CONCOR
also reserves the right to - accept or reject any tender in part or in full
without assigning any reason whatsoever.
-
Relax the tender condition at any stage if considered necessary for the purpose
of finalizing the contract in the overall interest of the CONCOR and the trade.
-
Accept/reject any or all the technical bids or financial bids.
The
tender document shows that the CONCOR had adopted a two bid process for making
selection and award of the contract. The first part consisting of
"pre-qualification bid" required submission of documents to show
proof of experience, deposit of earnest money, constitution of the firm/company,
turn over for past three years, proof in support of having employed at least 20
persons including IICL certified supervisors for preceding three years. The
second part related to financial bid and this was to be considered only for
such tenderers who were short-listed in the pre-qualification bid. Para 2(g)
which has been quoted above, only required "a copy of license to act as
surveyor/loss assessor under Insurance Act, 1938". It may be noted that
the tender document does not say that in case where a company has made a bid,
the license to act as surveyor/loss assessor under the Insurance Act must be in
the name of the company itself or that a license personally in the name of the
Chairman or a Director of a Company would not be treated as a valid compliance
of the requirement of tender. Para 11 of the
Instructions is important. The CONCOR reserved the right to amend the tender
document, if considered necessary, with due intimation to the respective tenderers
prior to the last date of tender submission. The CONCOR also reserved the right
to relax the tender conditions at any stage, if considered necessary, for the
purpose of finalizing the contract in the overall interest of the CONCOR and
the trade.
8. The
Tender Evaluation Committee of the second respondent held a meeting on
17.1.2004 where the technical bids of the appellant and the second respondent
were considered and recorded as under in the notings :
"The
documents given by M/s Metcalfe are perfectly in order. There is slight
ambiguity about one of the documents given by M/s Master Marine Services.
This
concerns the surveyor license. The license is issued in the name of Mr. Percy Meher
Master who is the sole proprietor of M/s Master Marine Services.
The
license issued by the IRDA mentions Mr. Percy as being the sole proprietor of
M/s Master Marine Services. As per our tender criteria, clause 1(d), Chapter 2
(pg.6) mentions that the tenderer must have license to act as surveyor/loss
assessor under Insurance Act, 1938. The TEC feels that there are only two
bidders in this tender. It would be desirable to prevent this tender from
lapsing into a single bidder tender. Therefore, the TEC feels that, subject to
the approval of Accepting Authority, Master Marine Services can be asked to
provide proof of the company, i.e. Master Marine Services, having a survey
license in the name of the company. This might require the company to get an
endorsement on the license issued to Sh. Percy as per clause-3 of the license
issued by IRDA. The Committee feels that subject to M/s Master Marine
fulfilling this condition, both the bidders can be considered for short-listing
and date fixed for opening the financial bids by the accepting authority.
This
is without prejudice to Competent Authority's discretion to accept/reject/modify/amend
the Committee's recommendations." A letter was thereafter sent to the
appellant to provide proof that the company is having a license in its name or
an endorsement in the name of the company in their subsisting license issued by
the IRDA.
The
appellant informed that the license had been issued in the name of Capt. Percy Meher
Master in his capacity as proprietor of Master Marine Services, who was now the
Chairman of the Company and a copy of the Resolution of the Board was also
enclosed. The TEC then considered the matter again and recorded the following
in the minutes of the meeting:
"The
TEC therefore, opines that M/s Master Marine Services Pvt. Ltd. is known to be
an established surveyor doing work for a number of shipping lines at various
CONCOR terminals. Moreover, Mr. Percy Meher Master who was the sole proprietor
of M/s Master Marine Services has been appointed the Chairman of the Company by
its Board. Therefore, they do have adequate experience and credentials to
carryout the survey activities.
In
view of the above, Tender Committee is of the opinion that we may qualify both
the tenderers, M/s Master Marine Services Pvt. Ltd. and M/s Metcalfe & Hodkinson
Pvt. Ltd., for their Technical capabilities.
It is
therefore recommended that the financial bids of these two agencies can be
opened on a date with due intimation to both the bidders.
Competent
Authority may accept/reject/modify the recommendation of the TEC as deemed
fit." The recommendation of the TEC was accepted and the appellant was held
to be qualified and the financial bids of the first respondent and the
appellant were thereafter opened. As already stated, the financial bid of the
appellant was Rs.3.00 as against Rs.3.75 of the first respondent for data entry
i.e. recording of container number, seal number, condition of seal and external
condition of container on arrival and dispatch of containers from the ICD. It
is also the case of the second respondent that the major work (98%) under the
contract is of the aforesaid nature for which no license under IRDA is
required. Thereafter, the work was awarded to the appellant.
9. The
principles which have to be applied in judicial review of administrative
decisions, especially those relating to acceptance of tender and award of contract,
have been considered in great detail by a three Judge Bench in Tata Cellular v.
Union of India AIR 1996 SC 11. It was observed that the principles of judicial
review would apply to the exercise of contractual powers by Government bodies
in order to prevent arbitrariness or favouritism. However, it must be clearly
stated that there are inherent limitations in exercise of that power of
judicial review.
Government
is the guardian of the finances of the State. It is expected to protect the
financial interest of the State. The right to refuse the lowest or any other
tender is always available to the Government. But, the principles laid down in
Article 14 of the Constitution have to be kept in view while accepting or
refusing a tender. There can be no question of infringement of Article 14 if
the Government tries to get the best person or the best quotation. The right to
choose cannot be considered to be an arbitrary power. Of course, if the said
power is exercised for any collateral purpose the exercise of that power will
be struck down. (See para 85 of the reports.) After an exhaustive consideration
of a large number of decisions and standard books on Administrative Law, the
Court enunciated the principle that the modern trend points to judicial
restraint in administrative action. The Court does not sit as a court of appeal
but merely reviews the manner in which the decision was made. The Court does
not have the expertise to correct the administrative decision. If a review of
the administrative decision is permitted it will be substituting its own
decision, without the necessary expertise, which itself may be fallible. The
Government must have freedom of contract. In other words, a fairplay in the
joints is a necessary concomitant for an administrative body functioning in an
administrative sphere or quasi- administrative sphere. However, the decision
must not only be tested by the application of Wednesbury principles of
reasonableness but must be free from arbitrariness not affected by bias or
actuated by mala fides. It was also pointed out that quashing decisions may
impose heavy administrative burden on the administration and lead to increased
and unbudgeted expenditure. (See para 113 of the reports.)
10. In
Sterling Computers Ltd. v. M/s M.N. Publications Ltd. AIR 1996 SC 51 it was
held as under:
"While
exercising the power of judicial review, in respect of contracts entered into
on behalf of the State, the Court is concerned primarily as to whether there
has been any infirmity in the "decision making process." By way of
judicial review the Court cannot examine the details of the terms of the
contract which have been entered into by the public bodies or the State. Court have
inherent limitations on the scope of any such enquiry. But at the same time the
Courts can certainly examine whether "decision making process" was
reasonable rational, not arbitrary and violative of Article 14 of the
Constitution. If the contract has been entered into without ignoring the
procedure which can be said to be basic in nature and after an objective
consideration of different options available taking into account the interest
of the State and the public, then Court cannot act as an appellate authority by
substituting its opinion in respect of selection made for entering into such
contract. .........."
11. In
Raunaq International Ltd. v. I.V.R. Construction Ltd. 1999 (1) SCC 492 it was
observed that the award of a contract, whether it is by a private party or by a
public body or the State, is essentially a commercial transaction. In arriving
at a commercial decision, considerations which are of paramount importance are
commercial considerations, which would include, inter alia, the price at which
the party is willing to work, whether the goods or services offered are of the
requisite specifications and whether the person tendering is of ability to
deliver the goods or services as per specifications.
12.
The law relating to award of contract by State and public sector corporations
was reviewed in Air India Ltd. v. Cochin International Airport Ltd. 2000 (2)
SCC 617 and it was held that the award of a contract, whether by a private
party or by a State, is essentially a commercial transaction. It can choose its
own method to arrive at a decision and it is free to grant any relaxation for
bona fide reasons, if the tender conditions permit such a relaxation. It was
further held that the State, its corporations, instrumentalities and agencies
have the public duty to be fair to all concerned. Even when some defect is
found in the decision making process, the Court must exercise its discretionary
powers under Article 226 with great caution and should exercise it only in
furtherance of public interest and not merely on the making out of a legal
point. The Court should always keep the larger public interest in mind in order
to decide whether its intervention is called for or not.
Only
when it comes to a conclusion that overwhelming public interest requires
interference, the Court should interfere.
13.
The only ground on which the High Court has quashed the decision of CONCOR
awarding the contract to the appellant is that there was no license to act as
surveyor/loss assessor under the Insurance Act, 1938 in favour of the appellant
which is a company. This question was considered by the TEC in its meeting held
on 17.1.2004. The TEC also took notice of the fact that there were only two
bidders (the appellant and the first respondent) in the tender and it would be
desirable to prevent the tender from lapsing into a single bidder tender. After
receipt of the reply from the appellant, the TEC again evaluated the tenders
for pre- qualification bid and after noting that M/s Master Marine Services
Pvt. Ltd. is known to be an established surveyor doing work for a number of
shipping lines at various CONCOR terminals and further that Capt. Percy Meher
Master, who had the license, had been appointed the Chairman of the company,
made a recommendation that both, the appellant and the first respondent may be
qualified for their technical capabilities. It has to be borne in mind that para
11 of the Instructions clearly conferred a power upon the CONCOR to relax the
tender conditions at any stage, if considered necessary, for the purpose of
finalizing the contract in overall interest of the CONCOR and the trade.
Therefore, having regard to the fact that the Chairman of the company had a
license under the Insurance Act, the condition regarding the holding of such a
license by the appellant itself, in the facts and circumstances of the case,
could be relaxed. So far as commercial considerations are concerned, it is the
specific case of the CONCOR, which has not been disputed by the first
respondent, that ninety eight per cent of the work under the contract is of
data entry of a container, for which the appellant had quoted Rs.3.00 against
Rs.3.75 as quoted by the first respondent and for this kind of work no license
under IRDA is required. In such circumstances, no such public interest was
involved which may warrant interference by the High Court in exercise of its
extraordinary jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution while
undertaking judicial review of an administrative action relating to award of a
contract. We are, therefore, clearly of the opinion that the High Court erred
in setting aside the order of the CONCOR awarding the contract to the
appellant.
14.
For the reasons discussed above, the appeal is allowed with costs and the
judgment and order dated 15.12.2004 of the High Court is set aside. The writ
petition filed by the first respondent is dismissed.
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