Meera Vs.
State of Rajasthan [2004] Insc 164 (15 March 2004)
N. Santosh
Hegde & B.P. Singh B.P.Singh, J.
In
this appeal by special leave the sole appellant Smt. Meera is the mother-in-law
of the deceased Smt. Hanja. She was sentenced to life imprisonment under
section 302 IPC and was sentenced to pay a fine Rs.200/- by the learned
Additional Sessions Judge, Sirohi in Sessions Case No. 28/78. D.B. Criminal
Appeal No. 155 of 1979 preferred by the appellant has been dismissed by the
High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan at Jodhpur by its impugned judgment and order of 27th May, 1997.
The
case of the prosecution is that the deceased was residing with the appellant in
Sumerpur. The parents of the deceased resided in a village known as Purada
which was at a distance of about 3 kms. from village Sumerpur. The case of the
prosecution is that on 9th
December, 1976 the
appellant alongwith Deva, DW-2, took the deceased in a 'Tonga' from village Sumerpur to Village Purada,
to the house of her parents.
The
deceased complained to her mother and others, namely PWs. 2 and 3 that she had
been administered poison by the appellant. She was, therefore, immediately
taken to the hospital at Sumerpur. The appellant also accompanied them to the
hospital. The deceased was examined by PW-1 Dr. Purohit who sent a peon, Madan Lal,
DW-1, to inform the police about the arrival of the deceased who was suspected
of having consumed poison. Accordingly DW-1 made an oral report at Police
Station Sumerpur which was recorded by Head Constable Amar Singh, PW-7, in the
absence of the Station House Officer, in the daily diary Ext.D/2. From Ext.D/2
it appears that PW-7 was informed by DW-1 that a woman had been brought to the
hospital whose condition was bad and it was said that she had swallowed poison.
After recording Ext.D/2, PW-7 went to the hospital and recorded the statement
of the deceased in presence of the doctor, PW-1. The said statement has been
marked as Ext.P/1. In her statement to PW- 7 the deceased stated that she had
delivered a child about 2 = - 3 months ago. After delivery she had been brought
to Sumerpur. She was continuously suffering from dysentery and fever but she
was not being treated. Only yesterday an injection was given. On the date of
occurrence her mother-in-law (appellant) got a medicine from a long container
which had rats drawn on it and gave her that medicine. When she was not able to
swallow the medicine her mother-in-law forced some water in her mouth and her
father-in-law kicked her on her head.
Thereafter
she was put in a 'tonga' and taken to her parents' house at
Purada. Her parents said as to why they had dumped her there and that they
should take her back to Sumerpur. Her mother-in-law used to say that it would
be better if she dies. Ext.P/1
has been treated as dying declaration and the prosecution has heavily relied
upon this statement.
As the
prosecution case goes the matter was investigated by Head Constable Amar Singh
PW-7 and it appears that no concrete steps were taken. From the deposition of
PW-1, Dr. Purohit, it appears that suspecting it to be a case of poisoning he
had sent the viscera to Forensic Science Laboratory for examination and report.
It is not in dispute that the report of the Forensic Science Laboratory was
received on 22nd June,
1977 which disclosed
the presence of Zinc Phosphide, a poisonous substance usually used for killing
rats. It further appears from the record that after the report of the Forensic
Science Laboratory was received the Deputy Inspector General of Police on 7th October, 1977 issued a direction to the Deputy
Superintendent of Police to lodge a report and to register a case.
Pursuant
to the direction of the Deputy Inspector General of Police, Deputy
Superintendent of Police Shri Raghunath Singh (PW-5) lodged a report on 24th November, 1977 on the basis of which a case was
registered against the appellant under section 302 IPC. It will thus appear
that the report relating to the incident on the basis of which the appellant
has been prosecuted was lodged in November, 1977 while the occurrence took
place on 9th December,
1976, about a year
earlier.
Dr. Purohit
was examined as PW-1, who was the doctor at the Sumerpur hospital where the
deceased had been brought on the date of occurrence. According to PW-1 the
deceased was brought to the hospital at about 7.30 p.m. and she had died at about 9.50 p.m. He had sent intimation to police station through Madan Lal
(DW-1) whereafter Head Constable Amar Singh (PW-7) had come to the hospital and
recorded the dying declaration of Smt. Hanja in his presence. On the next day
he conducted the post-mortem examination on the body of the deceased. On the
basis of his finding he opined that the deceased had died due to peripheral
circulatory failure and respiratory distress due to ingestion of poisonous
material probably the poison administered was Zinc Phosphide (rat killer). He
had sent the viscera to the Forensic Science Laboratory for their report. PW-1
stated that he had recorded the condition of the deceased in writing but that
paper was destroyed after he had recorded the facts in the post-mortem report
Ext.P/2. He did not remember if any entry relating to this case was recorded in
the out door register of the hospital, and in any case the out door ticket
number was not referred to in the post-mortem report. He stated that the
deceased was brought to the hospital by her husband and mother-in-law as also
by her father and mother and other relatives. The police had reached the
hospital at about 8.00
p.m.
Head
Constable Amar Singh was examined as PW-7. He stated that he was informed by Madan
Lal (DW-1) that a case of poisoning had been brought to the hospital and,
therefore, he went to the hospital and recorded the statement of that lady. 5-
10 minutes after recording her statement the lady died in his presence. He had
taken the opinion of the doctor before recording her statement. He admitted
that the residence of the Tehsildar was about 1 mile away from the hospital but
he did not call anyone to record her statement. He also failed to record the
time on Ext. P/1, the dying declaration by inadvertence. He denied the
suggestion that the certificate was obtained from the doctor after the death of
the deceased. He had prepared the Fard-Surat-Hal, Ext.P/11 and searched the
house of the appellant and prepared Fard Ext.P/12. He reported the matter to
the Station House Officer on reaching the police station but he did not
register the case and asked him to continue with the investigation. In
re-examination he stated that due to paucity of time he did not call for any
Magistrate as the condition of Hanja was serious.
The
second dying declaration on which the prosecution relied is said to have been
made by the deceased when she was taken on a 'tonga' to her parents' house at Purada. Such a statement was
allegedly made by her to her mother Chhogi (PW-10) in the presence of Sadia
(PW-2) and Uma (PW-3). Chhogi (PW-10), the mother of the deceased, stated that
on the date of occurrence the deceased had been brought on a 'tonga' to her
village in the evening. Deva was also with her. Her daughter was brought down
from the 'tonga' and at that time she was saying
that her mother-in-law made her drink a rat poison and this was stated in the
presence of PW-2 Sadia and PW-3 Uma. Immediately the Sarpanch was contacted who
gave them a letter with which they left for the hospital at Sumerpur. At the
hospital her daughter was alive for about an hour.
She
admitted that her daughter had delivered a child 2 = months before the
occurrence. She delivered the child at her parents' house and 2 months after
delivery she was sent to her matrimonial home. She denied the suggestion that
the deceased used to remain sick. On the date of occurrence when deceased Hanja
came to her house on a 'tonga' she was not taken inside the house
and immediately they had taken her to the hospital after obtaining a letter
from the Sarpanch. The statement allegedly making allegation against her
mother-in-law was made by the deceased on her own and without being questioned
by anyone. She was weeping and saying that her mother-in-law made her to drink
medicine meant for rats. It appears from the cross-examination that her
statement had not been earlier recorded by the police when the matter was
investigated by PW-7 soon after her death. She admitted that her statement was
only recorded 12 months after the occurrence.
Sadia
(PW-2) alleged that in the evening Deva and the appellant came on a 'tonga' alongwith
the deceased who was vomiting, weeping and saying that she would die and that
her mother-in-law had administered rat poison to her. She was pleading for
being taken to the hospital. They all went to the hospital where police had
recorded the statement of the deceased. She denied the suggestion that the
deceased had only stated that she had taken the medicines but her condition was
worsening. She further admitted that on the date of the death of the deceased
or thereafter her statement was not recorded by the police. Only about 12
months later her statement was recorded for the first time.
The
deposition of Himmata, father of the deceased, (PW- 4) is not of much
consequence since he reached the hospital directly on learning about the
condition of his daughter and that she died soon after he reached the hospital.
According to this witness the deceased and her husband had come to their house
for one night. His daughter had told her husband that though he insisted upon
her to go to her matrimonial home, her mother-in- law misbehaved with her. This
witness also stated that the deceased had told him that her mother-in-law used
to torture her. He feigned ignorance about the indifferent attitude of the
deceased for 1 1 = months prior to her death. His statement was also recorded
for the first time 12 months after his daughter's death. However, surprisingly,
from the statement recorded under Section 161 of the Code of Criminal Procedure
it appears that there is no mention of the fact that his daughter had told him
about the bad behavior of her mother-in-law or had stated such a fact in his
presence to her husband. It would, therefore, be difficult to hold, on the
basis of his statement, that the deceased was subjected to torture by the
appellant. Indeed there is nothing in the evidence of Chhogi (PW-10), the
mother of the deceased, that her daughter was subjected to torture by her
mother-in-law during her two years of married life.
We may
now refer to the evidence on record on which the defence places considerable
reliance.
Chunia
(PW-8), the husband of the deceased, was examined by the prosecution as a
witness. He deposed that his wife used to behave like a mad person and at night
she used to go out from the house. There was no medicine for killing rats in
his house and there was no quarrel between his wife and mother. The deceased
had been suffering from dysentery and fever for a period of one month prior to
her death. She used to give a blank look and suffered a suspicion that she was
being tortured by Gods and Goddesses. From the statement of PW-8 produced
before us it appear that this witness was not declared hostile.
The
other witness DW-2, Deva, deposed that on the date of occurrence the deceased
was unwell and he had accompanied her in a 'tonga' to her parents' house. The deceased had stated that she had taken the
drug used for killing rats. They had gone to the hospital after obtaining a
letter from the Sarpanch of the village Purada. During his presence the
deceased had not stated that she had been administered poison by her
mother-in-law.
She
had only stated that she had taken a drug and that she should be taken to the
hospital.
There
is then the evidence of Pukhraj (PW-9), the 'tonga' driver who took the deceased to her parents' house at Purada.
According
to him he had taken the deceased alongwith the appellant and Deva (DW-2) to
village Purada. Deva alighted from the 'tonga' near the naka of Purada village and thereafter those persons went to
village and returned after = an hour and asked him to take them to village Sumerpur.
Sadia (PW-2) and Chhogi (PW-10), the mother of the deceased, also accompanied them
to Sumerpur on his 'tonga'. He brought them to the Government
hospital at Sumerpur. According to this witness the girl (deceased) did not
appear to be ill and she herself walked to the hospital. This witness was
declared hostile by the prosecution and was confronted with his statement
earlier made to the police in the course of investigation.
Such
is the evidence on record. We have already noticed the fact that the report
relating to the occurrence on the basis of which the case was investigated was
lodged about one year after the occurrence and only thereafter the witnesses
were examined. It does not appear that the parents of the deceased or anyone
else formally lodged a report complaining of the fact that the deceased had
been poisoned by the appellant. The record also discloses that after receiving
the report from the Forensic Science Laboratory the Deputy Inspector General of
Police directed the Deputy Superintendent of Police to lodge a report and to
get a case registered against the appellant. In a case of this nature one has
to guard against any improvements made by the witnesses taking advantage of
considerable lapse of time. There is no direct evidence on record to prove the
fact that the deceased had been administered some poisonous substance by the
appellant. The case of the prosecution rests entirely on the dying declaration
alleged to have been made by her to her mother Chhogi (PW-10) at her village Purada
and the second dying declaration in the form of a statement made to Head
Constable Amar Singh (PW-7) after she was brought to the hospital at Sumerpur.
There is really no evidence worth mentioning to establish the fact that the
appellant had a motive to cause the death of the deceased. PW-10, the mother of
the deceased has not even whispered that the appellant used to torture her
daughter when she lived with her. There is no reference to any incident in this
connection. For the first time after one year, the father of the deceased,
PW-4, Himmata sought to bring in a story of his daughter telling him about the
ill treatment meted out to her by the appellant. Surprisingly, though his
statement before the police was recorded almost one year after the occurrence,
there was no mention of this fact in the said statement. We are, therefore, not
persuaded to accept the allegation regarding torture by the appellant made for
the first time in the course of trial by PW-4. There is, therefore, no evidence
on record to prove that the appellant had any motive to commit the offence. In
fact if one goes by the evidence of Chunia (PW-8), the husband of the deceased,
there was no quarrel between his wife and his mother. He, however, did mention
that after delivery of the child his wife behaved in a peculiar fashion. She
looked blank in dazed and was suspicious of the fact that she was being
tortured by Gods and Goddesses.
She
had also been suffering from dysentery and fever for about a month before her
death. In fact in the alleged dying declaration made to Head Constable Amar
Singh, PW-7, there is mention of the fact by the deceased herself that she had
been keeping unwell for about a month and that she was suffering from dysentery
and fever. Though she alleged that she was not being properly treated, she
admitted that one day before the occurrence she was given an injection by way
of treatment.
The
circumstances, therefore, disclose that after child birth the deceased was in a
disturbed state of mind and was suffering from dysentery and fever for which
she was being treated. In fact in her dying declaration made to the police she
had stated that her mother-in-law had given her a drug from a long container on
which the picture of rats were printed. All these go to show that the deceased
was unwell and was being medically treated.
So far
as the veracity of the first dying declaration is concerned, we are not
inclined to attach much weight to it because the witnesses have for the first
time mentioned about the said dying declaration one year after the occurrence
and after the report of the Forensic Science Laboratory had become available.
No one had earlier reported to the police about the alleged dying declaration.
It is, therefore, not safe to base the conviction of the appellant on the basis
of such a dying declaration about which the witnesses for the first time have
spoken after about a year of the occurrence.
This
leaves us with the second dying declaration allegedly made to Head Constable Amar
Singh (PW-7). The defence of the appellant is that this statement was recorded
on a blank sheet of paper after the death of the deceased. According to the
doctor, PW-1, the deceased was brought to the hospital at about 7.30 p.m. and
she breathed her last at 9.50 p.m. PW-7, Head Constable Amar Singh admitted in
the course of his examination that the Tehsildar was available about 1 mile
away from the hospital but on account of paucity of time he was not called for
recording the dying declaration. We may also notice at this stage that no time
is mentioned on the alleged dying declaration recorded by this witness. The
reason given by PW- 7 for not summoning the Magistrate to record the dying
declaration does not appear to us to be convincing. According to PW-7, on
receiving information, he reached the hospital at 8.00 p.m. and recorded the statement of the deceased. He further
stated that the deceased died within 5-10 minutes of his recording the
statement and he was present in the hospital at that time. This explanation
does not appear to be convincing because according to the doctor, PW-1, the
police had come to the hospital and recorded the dying declaration at 8.00 p.m. and the deceased died at 9.50 p.m. The prosecution had, therefore, abundant time to summon the
Magistrate for recording the dying declaration since he was available only a
mile away from Sumerpur.
So far
as the medical records are concerned, the doctor, PW-1, admitted that the
papers on which he had recorded the condition of the patient till she died, had
been destroyed. There is no entry in the out door register about the deceased having
been brought to the hospital, nor is there any reference to the out door ticket
number in the post-mortem report. The treatment sheet of the hospital recorded
by the doctor would have shown whether she was really treated for poisoning,
because if she had really made such a statement, as alleged by the prosecution
in the presence of the doctor, he would have taken appropriate measures. Though
the doctor claims that he had subjected the deceased to gastric aspiration,
that was done before her dying declaration was recorded. He claimed to have
given treatment for respiration stimulation and maintenance of blood pressure
but the condition of the deceased went on deteriorating. Apart from the oral
statement of the doctor made 2 years after the occurrence, no documentary
evidence has been produced to substantiate his claim. His original writings on
which the treatment given to the patient was recorded, admittedly was destroyed
by him, even though he knew it to be a medico legal case, as admitted by him.
There
is another aspect of the matter for which there is no explanation. This is not
a case where, according to the prosecution, the poison was administered to the
deceased without her knowledge or suspicious. If one is to believe the dying
declaration one fails to understand why the deceased would have swollen the
poison given by her mother-in-law when she had seen, as claimed by her, that
what was being given to her was poison meant for killing rats. All these facts
create a serious doubt in our mind as to whether the dying declaration was
really recorded in the manner alleged and also as to the veracity and
truthfulness of the said dying declaration.
As we
have noticed earlier there is no evidence on record to show that the
relationship between the appellant and the deceased were strained and not
cordial. There is also evidence on record to show that the deceased had been
keeping unwell after child birth and she was being treated for her ailments.
The High Court has observed that there was no reason for the deceased to commit
suicide. Apart from the fact that a person committing suicide behaves with
abnormality, equally there is no reason for the appellant to commit the murder
of the deceased. That apart, the conduct of the appellant is also not
consistent with the hypothesis of her guilt. If she had really administered
poison to the deceased she would not have accompanied the deceased to her
parents' house at Purada and thereafter taken her to the hospital at Sumerpur.
Admittedly, she was present all the time and all this only indicate her
innocence in the matter. Looking to the circumstances in which the dying
declaration was recorded by the police officer and not by the Magistrate, and
having regard to the other facts and circumstances of the case, we are of the
view that the prosecution has not proved its case beyond reasonable doubt, and
in any event the appellant is entitled to the benefit of doubt.
Accordingly
we allow this appeal, set aside the conviction of the appellant and acquit her
of all the charges levelled against her. She is on bail. Her bail bonds are
discharged.
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