Commissioner,
Transport-Cum-Chairman & Ors Vs. Tapan Kumar Biswas [2004] Insc 499 (26 August
2004)
S. N. Variava & G. P.
Mathur S. N. Variava, J.
This Appeal is against the Judgment of the High Court of Orissa dated 8th January, 2002.
Briefly stated the facts are as follows.
The Respondent is the owner of a Truck bearing No.WMK-7067.
In respect of this Truck, the registration and fitness certificate had been
issued and motor vehicle tax was being paid regularly. The said vehicle met
with an accident on 23rd January 1991. The Respondent gave off-road intimation
as required for the period January 1991 to December 1991. He did not, however,
submit any off-road intimation for the period from January 1992 to December
1995. As the accident was severe, the fitness certificate was cancelled by the
Appellant on 24th January 1991.
The Taxing Officer-cum-Regional Transport Officer of the Appellant by his
letter dated 10th January 1996 called upon the Respondent to pay a sum of Rs.27,750/-
being the tax for the period from January 1992 to December 1995. The Respondent
preferred an Appeal, against this demand, before the Chairman, Regional
Transport Authority. By an Order dated 23rd August 1996, the appellate
authority dismissed the Appeal. Revision filed by the Respondent, before the
Transport Commissioner, also stood dismissed.
The Taxing Officer also raised further demands for subsequent periods. The
Respondent thus filed a Writ Petition in the High Court.
The Writ Petition has been allowed by the impugned Judgment. It has been
held that the tax on motor vehicle can only be levied on vehicles which are
suitable for use on roads, kept in the State of Orissa. It is held that under
the Orissa Motor Vehicles Act unless a vehicle had both a certificate of
fitness as well as a valid certificate of registration, the vehicle cannot be
presumed to have been kept for use. It is held that the demand was thus
unsustainable in law and the notices of demand were quashed.
We have heard the parties.
The relevant provisions of the Orissa Motor Vehicles Taxation Act, 1975 read
as follows:- "3. Levy of tax(1) Subject to the other provisions of this
Act, there shall be levied on every motor vehicle used or kept for use within
the State a tax at the rate specified in Schedule-I;
(2) The State Government may by notification, from time to time, increase
the rate of tax specified in Schedule-I:
Provided that such increase shall not exceed fifty per cent of the rate
specified in Schedule-I.
(3) All references made in this Act to [Schedule-I] shall be construed as
references to Schedule-I as for the time being amended in exercise of the
powers conferred by this section.
ExplanationAn owner who keeps a transport vehicle for which the certificate
of fitness and the certificate of registration are valid, or an owner who keeps
any other motor vehicle, of which the certificate of registration is valid,
shall, for the purpose of this Act, be presumed to keep such vehicle for use :
Provided that if the Taxing Officer finds a motor vehicle having been used
on any day during the period for which the registration certificate of a
vehicle has been suspended or cancelled under the relevant provisions of the
Motor Vehicles Act such vehicle shall be deemed to have been kept for use for
the whole period without payment of tax.
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10. Prior intimation of temporary discontinuance of use of a vehicle(1)
Whenever any motor vehicle is intended not to be used for any period, the
registered owner or person having possession or control thereof shall on or
before the date of expiry of the term for which tax has been paid, deliver to
the Taxing Officer, an undertaking duly signed and verified in the prescribed
form and manner specifying the period aforesaid and the place where the motor
vehicle is to be kept alongwith such other particulars as may be prescribed and
the registration certificate, fitness certificate, permit and tax token, then
current and shall from time to time by delivering, further undertakings give
prior intimation to the concerned Taxing Officer of the extension, if any, of
the said period and the changes, if any, of the place where the motor vehicle
shall be kept :
Provided that no such undertaking shall relate to a period exceeding one
year at a time.
(2) If at any time during the period covered by an undertaking as aforesaid
the motor vehicle is found being used or is kept at a place in contravention of
any such undertaking, such vehicle shall, for the purposes of this Act, be
deemed to have been used throughout the said period without payment of tax.
(3) In the absence of any undertaking delivered under Sub-section (1) every
motor vehicle liable to tax under this Act shall be deemed to have been used or
kept for use within the State." Thus, under Section 3 tax has to be paid
on every motor vehicle used or kept for use within the State. If a transport
vehicle has a certificate of fitness as well as a valid certificate of
registration then that vehicle will be presumed to have been kept for use.
However, this does not mean that a vehicle which does not have a certificate of
fitness and/or a certificate of registration is not capable of being used on
the road. Merely because, legally, a vehicle cannot be plied on the road
without a certificate of fitness and/or the registration certificate would not
mean that all such vehicles are not capable of being used on the road. Under
the Act, the owner of the vehicle has to pay tax. That is why Section 10
provides that whenever any motor vehicle is intended not to be used on the road
for any period, the registered owner or person having possession or control
thereof has to give an undertaking duly signed and verified in the prescribed
form and manner and the taxing authority must be given intimation about the
period the vehicle is intended not to be used and the place where the motor
vehicle is going to be kept. The relevant documents including the registration
certificate, fitness certificate, permit and tax token, etc. are to be
delivered to the Taxing Officer. The undertaking contemplated by Section 10 can
only be for a period of one year at a time. Thus, it is clear that such an
intimation and undertaking has to be given from year to year if the vehicle is
intended not to be used on the road for more than one year. If no intimation,
as required under Section 10 along with the undertaking, has been given then,
by virtue of proviso (3) to Section 10, it will be deemed that the vehicle had
been used or kept for use within the State.
In this case, admittedly, during the initial period the required intimation
and undertaking had been filed. But for the subsequent periods the undertaking
has not been filed and intimation not given.
The undertaking filed for the initial period would not operate beyond the
period of one year. As no subsequent undertaking was filed, it has to be
presumed that the vehicle had been used or kept for use within the State. The
High Court was not right in concluding that merely because the certificate of
fitness was cancelled, it could not be said that the vehicle had not been kept
for use in the State.
Our view is supported by a decision of this Court in Mahakoshal (2002) 7 SCC
245. In this case, the vehicle had been registered in Madhya Pradesh but was
plying out of the State for a long period. Tax was demanded on that vehicle by
the State of Madhya Pradesh. A submission that tax was not payable as the
vehicle had not been used in the State was negatived. It was held that mere
non-use of the vehicle was not sufficient. This Court held that in order to
avoid tax liability the fact of non-use of the vehicle had to be declared to
the concerned authority.
A similar view has also been taken in an unreported Judgment of this Court
dated 26th February 2004 in Civil Appeal No. 3599 of 1998.
In this case, the vehicle had not been used as a stage carriage permit had
not been granted. The submission that without the stage carriage permit, the
vehicle could not be used and, therefore, there was no liability to pay tax was
not accepted. This Court held that under Section 10 of the Orissa Motor
Vehicles Taxation Act, in the absence of any undertaking and intimation it had
to be presumed that the vehicle had been used or kept for use within the State.
In this view of the matter, the decision of the High Court cannot be
sustained. It is set aside. The Writ Petition filed by the Respondent stands
dismissed.
The Appeal is accordingly allowed. There will be no order as to costs.
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