State
of Karnataka Vs. M.V. Manjunathegowda & Anr
[2003] Insc 4 (7
January 2003)
Y.K.
Sabharwal & H.K. Sema. Sema,J
When a
woman enters into wedlock she has many salutary expectations. She would expect
happy conjugal life, she would then expect to be a mother one-day, then she
would expect to be mother-in-law and grand-mother and so on. All these
expectations are shattered by the cruel hands of dowry related death.
The
deceased-Kamalamma got married with accused No. 1 on 17.5.1987. On 14.11.1987,
she was murdered and her body was found in a dry well. There is no dispute that
the death was unnatural. The death of the deceased occurred within 7 years of
her marriage with accused No.1.
Accused
No.1 (respondent No.1 herein) was tried along with accused Nos. 2 and 3 in the
Court of Sessions Judge, Chikmagalur, for the offence under Section 302 IPC and
in the alternate under Section 304B IPC.
They
were also charged under Section 201 read with Section 34 IPC.
Accused
Nos. 1 and 2 were also charged under Sections 3, 4 and 6 of the Dowry
Prohibition Act, 1961 (hereinafter the Act) read with Section 34 IPC.
All
the accused belong to Manimakki village. They are related to each other. A-2 is
the mother of A-1 and A-3. A-3 is the younger brother of A-1.
A-1
has also got another younger brother who is married to PW-9 Smt.Girijamma. All
of them were residing together in the same house. It is in the evidence on
record that the deceased was also residing in the same house along with the
accused and other inmates of the house on the intervening night of 13.11.1987
and 14.11.1987.
The
learned Sessions Judge, after concluding the trial, found that A-1 was the sole
perpetrator of the crime and convicted A-1 under Sections 302 and 201 IPC and
sentenced him to undergo life imprisonment and two years' RI respectively. The
learned Sessions Judge also found him guilty under Sections 3,4 and 6 of the
Act and sentenced him to undergo 5 years' RI and a fine of Rs.15,000/-, six
months' RI and a fine of Rs.3000/- and six months RI and a fine of Rs.5000/- on
each count under Sections 3,4 and 6 of the Act and in default of payment of
fine, to undergo RI for six months. All the sentences were ordered to run
concurrently. However, A- 2 and A-3 were acquitted of the offences under
Sections 302 and 201 read with Section 34 IPC. They were also acquitted of the
offences under Sections 3,4 and 6 of the Act and were set at liberty. Two
appeals have been filed against the said judgment before the High Court.
Criminal Appeal No. 493 of 1990 had been filed by the State against the
acquittal of A-2 and A-3. Criminal Appeal No.300 of 1990 had been filed by
accused No.1 M.V. Manjunathegowda against his conviction, as aforesaid. By the
impugned judgment, the High Court had dismissed Criminal Appeal No. 493 of 1990
filed by the State and allowed Criminal Appeal No 300 of 1990 preferred by the
accused (respondent No.1 herein) by setting aside the conviction recorded by
the learned Sessions Judge. It is against the order of the High Court setting
aside the sentence and conviction of the respondent- accused, the State has
preferred the present appeals. No separate appeal has been preferred by the
State against the acquittal recorded by the Trial Court and confirmed by the
High Court in respect of accused Nos. 2 and 3.
The
peculiar facts and circumstances under which A-1 got married with the deceased
- Kamalamma on 17.5.1987 may be summarily recited. The marriage of the
deceased-Kamalamma was fixed for 17.5.1987 with one Nagesh Gowda - PW-16, son
of Bhyregowda of Byragadde.
The
marriage was to be performed at 10.30 a.m. The elders and relatives of both the sides had gathered to attend the
marriage. However, PW-16 Nagesh Gowda with whom the deceased was supposed to
marry did not turn up. The elders and relatives who had come to attend the
marriage raised serious concern as the father of the bride PW-6 and other
relatives were visibly humiliated. At this stage, it appears that to save the
family from humiliation, the elders and relatives of PW-6, who had come to attend
the marriage, decided that the marriage of the deceased-Kamalamma should take
place. According to the prosecution story, it is at that stage that A-1 had
come forward to get married with the deceased on the condition that dowry of
Rs.10000/- and three sovereigns of gold be paid to him. It is the further case
of the prosecution that A-1 also put a condition that once the payment was made
he was prepared to get married with the deceased on the same day. As PW-6
father of the deceased was helpless in arranging the amount of dowry and three
sovereigns of gold, the elders and relatives who had come to attend the
marriage, contributed their mite and collected Rs.8000/- and the same was paid
to the accused. It was also agreed upon that the remaining sum of Rs.2000/- and
three sovereigns of gold would be given after harvesting the crop by PW-6.
Having resolved the demand of dowry, as aforesaid, ultimately the marriage took
place on the same day at about 6.30 p.m. To establish the demand and payment of
part dowry, the prosecution examined PW-1 brother of the deceased, PW-6 father
of the deceased, PW-7 an independent witness who participated in collecting the
amount of dowry before paying to A-1, PW-12 who is also an independent witness
in witnessing the demand of dowry and payment of dowry to A-1 and PW-15 who
solemnized the marriage. Their testimony is relevant with regard to the factum
of demand of dowry and payment of dowry. We shall be discussing their testimony
at an appropriate time.
The
case set up by the accused before the Trial Court was that the death of the
deceased was a suicidal death. It was pleaded that the deceased slipped into
the well while going to fetch water from the well. The plea of suicidal death
was completely ruled out both by the Trial Court and the High Court. Both the
Courts held that the death of the deceased was homicidal. Since this
controversy had been set at rest by two courts, this point need not detain us
any longer. Even otherwise, the plea of suicidal death is completely belied by
the medical evidence. PW-22 Dr.Jagannath conducted the post-mortem on
15.11.1987 on being requested by the police on 14.11.1987 at about 5.00 p.m.
The post-mortem was conducted on 15.11.1987 from 1.00 p.m. to 3.00 p.m. and the
doctor found the following external injuries:-
1.
"An incised wound over the skull, i.e. on bregms, anteriorly 15 cms., to
posterior aspect of the right parietal region, scalp incised, wound deep to
brain matter.
2. An
incised wound from middle of the right parietal bone towards the right temporal
bone 12 cms. in length deep to brain matter.
3.
Right side of the accipital one fractured into five fragments."
The
doctor was of the opinion that death was due to shock and hemorrhage as a
result of head injury. The doctor was also of the opinion that the injuries
found on the dead body were ante-mortem. He was further of the opinion that
injuries 1-3 were fatal and they were sufficient to cause the death of a person
in the ordinary course of nature. According to the doctor, the deceased met
with a homicidal death.
While
agreeing with the findings of the Sessions Judge, the High Court has observed
as under:- "Therefore, the deceased going to the well to fetch water and
slipping down accidentally, was out of question as rightly observed by the
Sessions Court. Similarly, if at all the deceased were to commit suicide, there
must be objects pitched to the wall of the well in such a manner as to cause
these injuries at one time. The doctor has stated that these 3 injuries could
be caused by separate blows. In our view therefore though a medical witness can
give certain probabilities as the cause to sustain certain injuries, these
probabilities cannot be isolated from existing facts in a given situation. In
our view it is not shown in the evidence, at least of the prosecution witnesses
including the mahazar witnesses that this well had any sharp objects of the
like nature suggested to PW.3 to cause these injuries at one time. If such a
probability cannot at least be remotely visualised, then the evidence of PW.3
that this was a homicidal death becomes clear and acceptable and we have no
hesitation in agreeing with the Sessions Court in this behalf."
Considering the ocular and medical evidence both the trial court and the High
Court ruled out the possibility of death by suicide.
The
High Court did not accept the demand of dowry and the payment of dowry, as
according to the High Court, there were discrepancies in the statements of PW-1
brother of the deceased and PW-6 father of the deceased. It may be noted that
PW-1 had stated that Rs.7000/- was paid as against the testimony of PW-6 that
Rs.8000/- had been paid. The High Court had considered this discrepancy to be
fatal in nature. The High Court was also of the view that as the prosecution
had failed to prove that there was an agreement as a consideration for the
marriage to pay Rs.10000/- and three sovereigns of gold and that Rs.8000/- were
paid out of it, the demand of dowry and payment of dowry was not proved. We are
of the view that this finding of the High Court is clearly perverse and against
the weight of evidence on record. The High Court, in our opinion, has failed to
consider the evidence on record in its proper perspective. It must be noticed
that the marriage had taken place on 17.5.1987. PW-1 K.P. Manjegowda (brother
of the deceased) was examined on 11.9.1989. PW-6 Puttegowda (father of the
deceased) was examined on 12.9.1989. PW-7 K.M.Eregowda (an independent witness)
was examined on 12.9.1989. PW-12 Bariban was examined on 14.9.1989. PW-15 Sudhama
(Priest) who had solemnized the marriage was examined on 15.9.1989. All these
witnesses were examined after more than 2 years of the solemnization of the
marriage, which had taken place on 17.5.1987. One should not fail to take note
that the witnesses are rustic villagers. It is difficult to expect them to
remember the events with mathematical precision after a lapse of more than two
years. It is a common knowledge that ordinarily human memories are apt to blur
with the passage of time. More so in the present case, when witnesses are
rustic villagers. In such a situation, there are bound to occur certain
discrepancies, which are in the form of omission and they cannot be considered
as fatal to their evidentiary value, otherwise trustworthy. At the same time,
they are unexposed to the technicalities of urban life and they speak plainly
what they saw and did. They are straightforward looking people, truthful and
trustworthy. Their testimony cannot be thrown out on the ground that it lacks
spontaneity. Similarly, the High Court disbelieved the testimony of PWs on the
ground that they failed to establish that there was an agreement to pay the
dowry. In such a melee and keeping in view the background and the circumstances
in which the marriage of the deceased with the accused was solemnized on
17.5.1987, as noticed above, it would be utterly impossible to have a formal
agreement, which could be proved by oral evidence. Similarly the amount of
dowry referred to by one witness and not mentioned by the other, can be termed
to be an omission due to passage of time which, in no case, amounts to major
contradiction which would form the basis for impeaching the credibility of
witnesses.
Mr.
D.N. Goburdhan, learned counsel for the respondents, invited our attention to
the testimony of PWs 1, 6, 7, 12, and 15 and strenuously contended that there are
lot of discrepancies in the testimony of the aforesaid witnesses and no
reliance can be placed on their testimony with regard to the demand and payment
of part of dowry. This contention deserves to be rejected out-rightly. In our
opinion, such minor contradictions would not tantamount to be of substantial
character, which would be a ground for impeaching the credibility of the
witnesses.
To
prove the demand of dowry and the payment of dowry, the prosecution led the
evidence of PWs 1, 6, 7, 12 and 15. As already noticed, PWs 7, 12, and 15 are
all independent witnesses. PW-1 brother of the deceased had stated that his
sister's marriage was fixed with PW-16 Nagesh Gowda on 17-5-1987 who did not turn up on the date of the marriage. It
is further stated that on that day A-1 came forward to get married with the
deceased-Kamalamma on the condition that dowry of Rs.10000/- and three
sovereign of gold would be given to him. PW-6 is the father of the deceased who
had also made a similar statement. The most important evidence is of PW-7 who
is an independent witness and participated in collecting the contribution
towards the payment of dowry amount to the accused. He stated that he had been
to the marriage of the deceased- Kamalamma fixed for 17.5.1987 with Nagesh Gowda
PW-16 and as PW-16 did not turn up at the appointed time, A-1 came forward to
get married with the deceased on the condition that he be paid dowry of
Rs.10000/- and three sovereigns of gold. PW-7, on receipt of offer from the
accused, had a discussion with PW-6. PW-6, however, expressed his inability to
pay the dowry as he had no money. PW-7 had further stated that the people who
had come for the marriage took a philanthropic view of contributing their mite.
As a result a sum of Rs.8000/- was collected. PW-7 had further stated it was
decided that the remaining balance of Rs.2000/- and three sovereigns of gold
should be given after harvesting the crops. PW-12 was another independent
witness who also stated that he had attended the marriage of the deceased with
A-1 and the marriage was solemnized after taking the dowry.
PW-15
is another independent witness who officiated as a priest for the marriage. He
had stated that he had given the auspicious time as between 10.30 am. to 11.30 a.m. on
17.5.1987. But PW-16 Nagesh Gowda who was the bridegroom did not turn up. He
had further stated that he waited up to 2.00 p.m. but even then he failed to turn up. He had further stated that after 3.00 p.m. or so the elders came to his house and told him that
A-1 had come forward to get married with the deceased. They further requested
him to see if the horoscopes of both A-1 and deceased-Kamalamma would tally, to
which he replied in affirmative. Thereafter, he fixed the auspicious time to be
between 6.30 p.m. to
7.30 p.m. The marriage
was solemnized at 6.30 p.m in which he officiated as priest.
This witness had further stated that people were collecting money as A-1 was to
be given a dowry of Rs.10000/- and three sovereigns of gold. He had further
stated that PW-6 father of the deceased expressed his inability to pay the full
amount on that day and requested for a period of three months to pay the
remaining balance.
Looking
at the totality of the evidence, as noticed above, we are of the view that
there is over-whelming evidence with regard to the factum of demand of dowry
and payment of the part of dowry on 17.5.1987. The High Court failed to take
note of the totality of the evidence into consideration and took out the minor
discrepancies here and there as ground for impeaching the credibility of the
witnesses and thereby committed a grave miscarriage of justice.
The
next question to be considered is whether the offence under Section 302 IPC has
been established against A-1 beyond all reasonable doubts. According to the
prosecution story, the only eye-witness is PW-9 Smt.Girijama, who is no other
than the wife of the brother of A-1. This witness has turned hostile. According
to PW-9 on 13.11.1987, the deceased- Kamalamma and her sister had slept in one
room in the house of the accused. All other accused and father-in-law and her
husband were sleeping in another room. On the next day, early in the morning at
about 4.00 am i.e. 14.11.1987 she got up and
found that the deceased-Kamalamma was not there. She prepared coffee but the
deceased did not turn up. Then she informed the husband of the deceased and
mother-in-law. According to the prosecution story, the deceased had gone to the
bath-room and set fire for warm water. At that time A-1 was abusing his wife.
There is a small window through which PW-9 could see what was going on in the
bathroom.
On
hearing the abusive language she went there to see what was happening there.
There she saw, through a small window, that A-1 had hit the deceased on her
head with MO 11 ( axe ) with all his might. The deceased- Kamalamma fell down
at the stone in the bathroom unconsciously. Then again A-1 assaulted on her
head. Due to heavy blow there was a lot of bleeding and the blood spread on
that stone. Thereafter, she went and woke her mother-in-law A-2. As she also
got up, PW-9 showed all that to her who also saw it through that window.
Thereafter A-2 and A-3 went to the bathroom and all were talking that Kamalamma
was no more. A-1 was also threatening that this should not be disclosed to
anyone. Thereafter A-1 asked A-3 to bring battery from inside. Thereafter A-1
bodily lifted the dead body of his wife and went outside. A-3 was putting the
torch and A-2 also followed them. PW-9, being terrified and panicky, woke up
her husband and showed the blood in the bathroom. Her husband also got very
much afraid and he did not go outside. Thereafter, she went to answer the
second call of nature. By that time she learnt that A-1 and A-3 had come back
to the house. The blood was washed out with water. The other inmates of the
house were told that they should tell on inquiry by the police or anyone else
that the deceased - Kamalamma had died as she fell into the well while returning
from the other well from where they were to bring water.
If the
statement of PW-9 is excluded from consideration, the entire prosecution story
with regard to the offence of murder under Section 302 IPC, rests on the
circumstantial evidence. It is now well-established principle of law that in
the case of circumstantial evidence the chain must unerringly link to the guilt
of the accused. There is no evidence on record to show that there was a trail
of blood from the house to the place where the dead body was found in the well.
There was no evidence of dragging the body. The recovery of blood stained shirt
and lungi and MO 11 (axe), said to have been stained with blood, seized at the
instance of the accused was disbelieved by the High Court. We are also of the
view that dragging of body of the deceased from the house to the well, where
the dead body was found, could not be the handy work of an individual. The
accused must have been assisted by the other inmates of the house inasmuch as
there were seven inmates in the house on the fateful day. The High Court on re-
appreciation of the evidence, with regard to the offence under Section 302 IPC,
came to the conclusion that the prosecution had failed to establish complete
and conclusive chain of circumstances to bring the guilt of A-1 beyond
reasonable doubt. The High Court also considered a seizure memo namely the
seizure of clothes, which were found hanging over a beam in the hut and the
fact that the father of A-1 was present there. The High Court disbelieved the
seizure, as there was no evidence to show that those clothes belonged to none
other than A-1. Similarly, the seizure of MO 11 (Axe) and recovery of the stone
from the bath-room of the house was disbelieved by the High Court for the
reasons assigned in the judgment and the same do not warrant any interference.
In our view, therefore, the acquittal recorded by the High Court for the
offence under Section 302 IPC against A-1 does not suffer from any infirmities
and it is confirmed.
The
next and important question to be considered is as to whether A-1 is liable for
conviction under Section 304B IPC. As already noticed, an alternate charge was
framed under Section 304B but the Sessions Court as well as the High Court did
not record any findings under this count.
The
Sessions Judge did not record any separate finding under this section
presumably because the accused was convicted under Section 302 IPC. The High
Court did not record any conviction under this section as the High Court was of
the view, which according to us is erroneous, that no demand of dowry and
payment of dowry has been established. We have already held that there is
over-whelming evidence against A-1 with regard to demand and receipt of part of
dowry.
The
Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (Act 28 of 1961) was enacted by the Legislature
effective from 20th
May, 1961. The
Statement of Objects and Reasons for enactment of the legislation are as
follows:- "The object of this Bill is to prohibit the evil practice of
giving and taking of dowry. This question has been engaging the attention of
the Government for some time past, and one of the methods by which this
problem, which is essentially a social one, was sought to be tackled by the
conferment of improved property rights on women by the Hindu Succession Act,
1956.
It is,
however, felt that a law which makes the practice punishable and at the same
time ensures that any dowry, if given does ensure for the benefit of the wife
will go a long way to educating public opinion and to the eradication of this
evil.
There
has also been a persistent demand for such a law both in and outside
Parliament. Hence, the present Bill.." Ever since the Act came into being,
there is a sea of change by various amendments so as to make the Act more
purposeful and punishment deterrent. Realising that despite the Dowry
Prohibition Act, the evil practice of giving and taking of dowry remains
unabated and the dowry related offences were menacingly on the increase, the
Act was amended by Act No. 63 of 1984. After taking note of the observations of
the Committee on Statute of Women in India and with a view to making of
thorough and compulsory investigations into cases of dowry deaths and stepping
up anti- dowry publicity, the Government referred the whole matter for
consideration by a Joint Committee of both the Houses of Parliament. The
Committee, after examining the whole matter in great depth in its proceedings,
recommended to examine the working of the Dowry Prohibition Act. The Act was
further amended vide Act No. 43 of 1986. The Statement of Objects and Reasons
are as follows:- "The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 was recently amended by
the Dowry Prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1984 to give effect to certain
recommendations of the Joint Committee of the House of Parliament to examine
the question of the working of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 and to make the
provisions of the Act more stringent and effective. Although the Dowry
Prohibition (Amendment) Act, 1984 was an improvement on the existing
legislation, opinions have been expressed by representatives from women's
voluntary organisations and others to the effect that the amendments made are
still inadequate and the Act needs to be further amended.
2. It
is, therefore, proposed to further amend the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 to
make provisions therein further stringent and effective. The salient features
of the Bill are:
(a)
The minimum punishment for taking or abetting the taking of dowry under Section
3 of he Act has been raised to five years and a fine of rupees fifteen thousand.
(b)
The burden of proving that there was no demand for dowry will be on the person
who takes or abets the taking of dowry.
(c)
The statement made by the person aggrieved by the offence shall not subject him
to prosecution under the Act.
(d) Any
advertisement in any newspaper, periodical, journal or any other media by any
person offering any share in his property or any money in consideration of the
marriage of his son or daughter is proposed to be banned and the person giving
such advertisement and the printer or publisher of such advertisement will be
liable for punishment with imprisonment of six months to five years or with
fine up to fifteen thousand rupees.
(e)
Offences under the Act are proposed to be made non- bailable.
(f)
Provision has also been made for appointment of Dowry Prohibition Officers by
the State Governments for the effective implementation of the Act. The Dowry
Prohibition Officers will be assisted by the Advisory Boards consisting of not
more than five social welfare workers (out of whom at least two shall be
women).
(g) A
new offence of "dowry death" is proposed to be included in the Indian
Penal Code and the necessary consequential amendments in the Code of Criminal
Procedure 1973 and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 have also been proposed.
We are
only pointing out the aforesaid Statement of Objects and Reasons to demonstrate
the importance of Legislation and the intendment of the Legislature with a view
to curb the increasing menace of evil practice of giving and taking of dowry by
imposing a deterrent punishment.
Consequent
upon the aforesaid amendment Section 304B IPC was inserted in the Indian Penal
Code and Section 113B was inserted in the Indian Evidence Act respectively.
Section
304B of the Indian Penal Code reads as follows: -
"304B.
Dowry death.
(1)
Where the death of a women is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs
otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage
and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or
harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection
with, any demand or dowry, such death shall be called 'dowry death', and such
husband or relative shall be deemed to have caused her death.
Explanation.- For the purpose of this
sub-section, 'dowry' shall have the same meaning as in Section 2 of the Dowry
Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961).
(2)
Whoever commits dowry death shall be punished with imprisonment for a term
which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend to imprisonment
for life." Section 113B of the Indian Evidence Act was inserted by Act 43
of 1986 w.e.f. 5.1.1986. It reads: - "113B. Presumption as to dowry death.
When the question is whether a person has committed the dowry death of a woman
and it is shown that soon before her death such woman had been subjected by
such person to cruelty or harassment for, or in connection with, any demand for
dowry, the Court shall presume that such person had caused the dowry death.
Explanation. - For the purposes of this section,
"dowry death" shall have the same meaning as in Section 304B of the
Indian Penal Code 45 of 1860)" The aforesaid legal position, as it stands
now, is that in order to establish the offence under Section 304B IPC the
prosecution is obliged to prove that the death of a woman is caused by any
burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances and
such death occurs within 7 years of her marriage and it is shown that soon
before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or
any relative of her husband. Such harassment and cruelty must be in connection
with any demand for dowry.
If the
prosecution is able to prove the aforesaid circumstances then the presumption
under Section 113B of the Evidence Act will operate.
It is
the rebutable presumption and the onus to rebut shifts on the accused.
The
accused was examined under Section 313 Cr.P.C. The defence of the accused was a
total denial. Therefore, the presumption as to dowry death envisaged under
Section 113B of the Evidence Act remains unrebutted. We have already held that
there is over-whelming evidence against the accused with regard to the demand
of dowry and acceptance of a part of dowry. In this connection the evidence of PWs
1, 6, 7, 12 and 15 are referred to. The only question remains to be answered is
as to whether the deceased was subjected to cruelty or harassment by the
accused in connection with any demand of dowry soon before her death or not. To
answer this question, it will be profitable to refer to the testimony of PW-1,
the brother of the deceased and PW-6, father of the deceased. From the
prosecution of evidence on record, it will clearly appear that the remaining
balance of dowry was Rs.2000/- and three sovereigns of gold. PW-1 had stated
that four days earlier to Diwali festival she came to the parental house and
asked them to clear the dowry due and she also said that she was tortured by
her husband and her mother-in-law on the dowry issue. To this, PW-1 replied
that he would pay in January after the harvest. But the deceased told him that
she would not go back to her husband's house as her husband (accused) and her
mother-in-law would torture her if she went back without money and gold. She
was persistent that she would not go back after Diwali festival. Then PW-1 also
stated that his father PW-6 went along with her sister (deceased) and stayed
there over-night and came back the following morning. Thereafter, on 14.11.1987
they received information that his sister had been murdered. PW-6 is the father
of the deceased. He stated that his daughter- Kamalamma is married to the
accused. He also stated that A-1 demanded that if he gave Rs. ten thousand and
three sovereigns of gold as dowry, he would marry the deceased. He further
stated that after the marriage there was a due of Rs.2000/- and three
sovereigns of gold. He further stated that his daughter had come to his house
four days prior to the Diwali festival and informed that she was being tortured
by not brining the balance amount and gold. She further told him that her
husband told her not to come to the house without bringing the balance of dowry
amount and gold. PW-6 further stated that after the Diwali festival his
daughter refused to go back to her husband's house without the balance amount
of dowry and gold apprehending torture and harassment. PW-6 ultimately took his
daughter to the house of accused and told them that he would immediately clear
the balance amount and gold after harvesting the crops. He stayed over-night in
the house of the accused and left the house only the next day. He has stated
that on Thursday he had taken his daughter to the house of the accused and
stayed for a night there.
On
Friday, the next day, he came back to his own house. The following day i.e.
Saturday at about 8.30 a.m. he received the information that his daughter had
died. He stated that Saturday was 14.11.1987. This would clearly show that PW-6
took his daughter to the house of the accused on 12.11.1987 and halted
over-night there and returned to his house the next day i.e. 13.11.1987 and the
deceased was murdered on 14.11.1987, stated to be early in the morning. There
was no evidence on record which would throw some light that in the intervening
period of 13.11.1987 and 14.11.1987 there was some settlement or resolution
with regard to the balance amount of dowry being paid to the accused. From the
testimony of PW-1 and PW-6, it clearly appears that soon before her death she
was subjected to cruelty or harassment in connection with the demand for dowry
by her husband. In the absence of the evidence on record showing any settlement
or resolution for payment of balance of dowry amount and gold in the
intervening period of 13.11.1987 and 14.11.1987, the cruelty and harassment in
connection with any demand for dowry as on 12.11.1987 would continue till her
death on 14.11.1987. This would constitute cruelty and harassment in connection
with demand for dowry soon before her death. As already noticed, the marriage
of the deceased with the accused was solemnized on 17.05.1987 and she died
within 7 years of marriage. Having regard to the entire facts and circumstances
and evidence on record we are of the view that the offence under Section 304B
IPC is found to be well established against A-1.
The
next question to be considered is the quantum of punishment. While considering
the quantum of punishment, the Court must keep in view the background and
intendment of the legislature so as to eradicate the evil practice of giving
and taking dowry by prescribing the deterrent punishment. This was clear from
the Objects and Reasons of Amending Act of 1986 (Act 43 of 1986). Consequent
upon the aforesaid amendment Section 304B IPC was introduced in which the
punishment is, imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years
but which may extend to imprisonment for life. As would reveal from the various
amendments as noticed above, despite stringent law, the evil practice of giving
and taking of dowry remains unabated. On the contrary, it is menacingly on the
increase. In the instant case, the conduct of the accused is of vital
importance while considering the quantum of punishment. The marriage of the
accused with the deceased on 17.5.1987 is neither an arranged marriage nor a
love marriage. As already noticed, it is a marriage by accident and the main
consideration was the payment of dowry and not out of love. It also appears
from the testimony of PW-9 that a suggestion was put to the witness that
accused used to permanently go to one Kallugudde Earegowda's house for work and
that Kallugudde Earegowda has three female children. It was also suggested that
accused was also having love affair with the first daughter of Kallugudde Earegowda.
All this go to show that the main consideration of the accused marrying with
the deceased was love of dowry and not love for the girl. So greed of the
accused of the dowry, even for a paltry sum of Rs.2000/- and three sovereigns
of gold, would cost the precious life of a human being. Such conduct of the
accused is not only abhorrent to the concept of rule of law, but also against
the conscience of the entire society. The practice of giving and demanding
dowry is a social evil having deleterious effect on the entire civilized
society and has to be condemned by the strong hands of judiciary.
Despite
various amendments providing deterrent punishment with a view to curb the
increasing menace of dowry deaths, the evil practice of dowry remains unabated.
The Court cannot be oblivion to the intendment of the legislature and the
purpose for which the enactment of the law and amendment has been effected.
Every court must be sensitized to the enactment of the law and the purpose for
which it is made by the legislature, keeping in view the evil practice of
giving and taking dowry, which is having a deleterious effect on the civilized
society. It must be given a meaningful interpretation so as to advance the
cause of interest of the society as a whole. No leniency is warranted to the
perpetrator of the crime against the society. Keeping these overall accounts
and circumstances in the background, we are of the view that a deterrent
punishment is called for.
Accused
No.1 (M.V. Manjunathe Gowde) is accordingly convicted under section 304B IPC
and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for ten years.
The
impugned order of the High Court is set aside and the appeals filed by the
State are allowed to the extent indicated. We, however, refrain from
interfering with the order of acquittal passed by the High Court insofar as the
offence under Section 302 IPC is concerned.
The
accused-respondent is now directed to surrender before the concerned court to
serve out the sentence. If the accused does not surrender, the Sessions Judge, Chikmagalur,
shall take necessary steps in accordance with law to apprehend the accused.
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