Ram Avtar
& Ors Vs. The State of U.P [2002] Insc
481 (20 November 2002)
Y.K.
Sabharwal & H.K. Sema. Sema, J.
These
appeals have been preferred by eight appellants, who had been convicted by the
learned VIII Additional Sessions Judge, Fatehgarh which had been confirmed by
the High Court. The High Court, while confirming the sentence and conviction of
the appellants under Section 302 IPC with the aid of Section 149 IPC and
Section 307 IPC with the aid of Section 149 IPC set aside their conviction and
sentence under Sections 224 and 225 IPC.
During
the pendency of the appeals, three accused, namely, Saddan s/o Shri Banni
(appellant No. 2), Sonpal s/o Shri Punni (appellant No. 3) and Net Ram s/o Shri
Parasad (appellant No. 6) expired. Their appeals, therefore, stand abated.
These appeals are survived in respect of Ram Avtar s/o Rohan Lal (appellant No.
1), Shambhu s/o Shri Rohan Lal (appellant No. 4), Shivaji s/o Shri Rohan Lal
(appellant No. 5), Nek Ram s/o Fauzdar (appellant No. 7) and Kailash s/o Shri
Ram swarup (appellant No.8).
In
these cases, the accused are related. The complainant group is also related
among themselves. Accused Net Ram and Rohan are brothers being the sons of Parasad.
Accused Ram Avtar, Shambhu and Shivji are sons of Rohan. Similarly, accused Subhash
Chandra and Mool Chand are sons of Devi Shankar. Among the injured persons, Raj
Narain, Prem Narain, Bhoop Narain, and Brij Narain are brothers. The other
injured, namely, Rakesh, Shashi Kant and Vipin are sons of Raj Narain, while Mukesh
is the son of Prem Narain.
Briefly
stated the prosecution case is that PW-1 Brij Narain lodged the first
information report (exh. Ka 17) that two constables from GRP Kaimganj, namely, Mahtab
Singh and Lal Hans had come to the house of his brother Bhoop Narain in the
evening of 22.11.76 and disclosed that they had warrant of arrest of accused
Ram Avtar s/o Rohan. They sent Bhoop Narain to ascertain the availability of
Ram Avtar but he returned with negative information. Next morning, the two
constables who had stayed with Bhoop Narain, were informed by Bhoop Narain that
Ram Avtar was sitting in the Chaupal of Son Pal Kahar warming himself near the
fire. After receipt of the said information, two constables together with Brij Narain
Hardwai, Puttu Lal, Bhopal Singh, Rishi Pal, Bhoop Narain, Raj Narain, Prem Narain
and Reeti Mal went to arrest Ram Avtar. After pointing out to Ram Avtar, the
two constables held him. Saddan and Son Pal were sitting by the side of Ram Avtar.
On being held, Ram Avtar raised an alarm calling his father Rohan. Thereupon, Rohan
along with his two sons Shambhu and Shivji and brother Net Ram and others,
namely, Nek Ram, Amar Nath, Kailash, Subedar, Har Narain, Devi Shankar, Mool Chand
and Subhash Chand arrived. Out of these Har Narain was holding his licenced gun
while Net Ram and Subhash Chand had illicit guns and Mool Chand and Amar Nath
had Tamancha. Rohan, Shambhu, Shivji, Nek Ram, Devi Shankar Kailash and Subedar
had lathis. They assaulted the two constables resulting in injuries in their
head. Ram Avtar was, thus rescued. Saddan and Son Pal also brought Tamancha
from their house. They all began to make fire from their guns and started
assaulting with the help of lathis, resulting injuries to different persons and
death of Bhoop Narain at the spot. Injured Prem Narain was removed to the
hospital where he died.
During
the trial, there was practically no dispute about the factum of scuffle that
had taken place except certain variations about the time. Both the courts below
have accepted the eye-witness account of PW-1 Brij Narain, PW-4 Raj Narain,
PW-7 Bhopal Singh and PW-8 Constable Mahtab Singh.
In the
instant cases, from the evidence on record, it appears that the complainant
party received as many as 40 injuries including the injuries sustained by the
deceased Bhoop Narain and Prem Narain, whereas, the accused party sustained
only 7 injuries. The deceased Bhoop Narain and Prem Narain sustained eight
injuries. With regard to the injuries sustained by the deceased, Prem Narain,
the prosecution evidence is that he was first assaulted by lathis and when he
was running away he was fired upon by fire arms. The injuries sustained by Prem
Narain, deceased, were first medically examined by Dr. R.P. Gupta PW-2 of the District Hospital, Fatehgarh. Dr. Gupta was of the opinion that there were
six lathi injuries and two gun shot injuries on the person of the deceased Prem
Narain. He further opined that the nature of the gun shot injuries shows that
they could have probably been caused at the time when the deceased was running
away. According to him, 'injury No. 7 is a gun shot wound " x " x
muscle deep present over the back of right forearm upper 3rd part.' On
reappraisal of the testimony of PW-1 Brij Narain, PW-4 Raj Narain, PW-7 Bhopal
Singh and PW-8 Mahtab Singh, the High Court came to the finding that the
accused party have exceeded the right of private defence because right of
private defence will remain limited to the extent it could have been available
against a private individual. Relying upon the evidence of PW-1 Brij Narain
that Bhoop Narain was found lying dead outside the Baithak of Son Pal (Kahar),
the High Court had held that if the prosecution witnesses had gone to the Baithak
of Son Pal where Ram Avtar and others were warming themselves, he had already
come out and the danger to the life had ceased to exist. It also appears from
the testimony of PWs. 1, 4, 7 and 8 that the two constables had withdrawn
themselves immediately of an assault on their person. This will clearly show
that the so called danger to the life and liberty of Ram Avtar had ceased to
exist.
As
already noticed, the High Court, on reappraisal of the entire evidence on
record, particularly of PWs. 1, 4, 7 and 8, has come to the following findings:
"It
has been stated by all concerned Brij Narayan, Bhopal Singh and Raj Narayan as
also constable Mahtab Singh that the two constables had withdrawn themselves
immediately of an assault on their person. This also means that the so called
danger to the liberty of Ram Awatar had ceased to exist. Then again, it was
shown in the cross-examination of PW-1 Brij Narayan that Prem Narayan got the
gun injury when he was in the lance behind the Baithak of Sonpal. When a person
even if he was aggressor has gone back and reached back of the house where he
had gone for aggression, the right of private defence would not continue. This
right is always limited to the extent that it can repell the aggressor, it is
not a matter of defence but a matter of retaliation which cannot be permitted
for looked upon with an eye of approval. Even the person who made fire upon Prem
Narayan had come out from the Baithak of Sonpal and is shown to have been on
the Chabutra, possibly belonging to Brij Nandan, son of Punni. It has also been
made out in his cross- examination that when Rakesh, Shashikant, Bipin and Mukesh
arrived, Bhoop Narayan, Revti Raman and Prem Narayan were already lying on the
earth surrounded by the accused persons.
This
means that they had not only over powered Bhoop Narayan, Revti Raman and others
but were in a domination situation but despite that these villagers have been
given injuries including gun shot wounds. This simply shows that the incident
was not limited at the stage of self defence. Even if the earlier act was
aggression by the complainant group, the accused group has not confined itself
to the mere residence to save its life and liberty but has gone to the extent
of complete retaliation, for which they would have no right. Further existing
right of private defence can be at times against an individual only but it
cannot form the matter of common intention at all. The situation in this case
is a little bit abnormal. Nothing has been said as to who had, in fact acceded
the right of private defence. The right of private defence could be available
at best to Ram Awatar, Son Pal and Netram and may be to other persons who had
arrived on the alarm raised by Ram Awatar or for any reason but then the right
of every person will be limited to save his own in so far as the injuries are
concerned and to save the person of Ram Awatar from illegal arrest and by no
stretch of imagination it can take the shape that all persons had a right to
finish the aggressor group. An individual action in exceeding right of private defence
may be tolerated but where the entire group behaves in a manner acceding that
right, it is a matter of aggression on their own part with common intention of
retaliation." Mr. Salman Khurshid, learned senior counsel has taken pain
to take us to the entire evidence again which, in our view, is a mere
repetition of what has been discussed already by two courts. We are unable to
persuade ourselves to take the view contrary to the views already taken by two
courts.
Lastly,
learned senior counsel for the appellants faintly submits that the injuries
sustained by the accused have not been explained by the prosecution, which will
affect the prosecution case. The law is now well settled on this subject that
where the prosecution evidence is clear, cogent and credit-worthy, mere fact
that injuries are not explained by the prosecution cannot by itself be a sole
basis to reject such evidence and consequently the whole case. As noticed
above, in the instant case, the prosecution evidence is clear, cogent and
credit-worthy and admits no ambiguity.
For the
reasons aforestated, there is no merit in these appeals, which are accordingly
dismissed. The appellants are on bail. Their bail bonds are cancelled. They are
directed to surrender to the bail and serve out the remaining part of sentence.
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