Harrington House School Vs. S.M. Ispahani & Anr [2002] Insc
267 (9 May 2002)
R.C.
Lahoti & B.N. Agrawal R.C. Lahoti, J.
A suit
for eviction of the tenant-appellant filed by the landlord- respondent on the
ground available under clause (d) of sub-Section (1) of Section 14 of the Tamil
Nadu Buildings (Lease and Control) Act 1960 was decreed by the Rent Controller.
However, the Appellate Authority reversed the order of eviction. In a revision
preferred by the landlord-respondent, the High Court has restored the order of
the Rent Controller. Feeling aggrieved thereby the tenant has filed this appeal
by special leave.
The
relevant facts are not in controversy and may be summed up briefly as follows.
The suit premises consist of a total area of 53800 square feet out of which
6823 square feet is built up while 46977 square feet is lying as open land. The
property is identified as Door no. 64-B and is situated in Easwarankoil Street in the city of Tirupur. The building was about 50 years
old in the year 1982, i.e., about 70 years old by this time. Exchange of
letters between the parties reveals that the tenant had informed the landlord
that some part of the building needed urgent repairs and any further delay
could prove to be dangerous. Some imminent repairs were carried out by the
tenant itself. The premises are being utilized by the tenant for the purpose of
running a school wherein there are about 200 students with 15 members of
teaching staff and 8 members of non-teaching staff.
However,
the school is unrecognized and mainly caters to the need of children of
non-resident Indians.
The
landlords are builders by profession and need the suit premises for the
immediate purpose of demolition so as to construct a multi-storey complex
thereat. According to the statement on oath of S.A. Ispahani __ one of
landlords, several multi-storey buildings have come up in the vicinity of this
property and this part of the statement has not been challenged in
cross-examination. The plans of the proposed construction are ready and have
been tendered in evidence though the plans have not been submitted to the local
authority for approval. This aspect we shall advert to a little later.
The
learned counsel for the tenant has urged that the High Court in exercise of its
revisional jurisdiction ought not to have interfered with the finding of fact
arrived at by the Appellate Authority. He further submitted that the age and
condition of the building is one of the relevant considerations while testing
the availability of ground under Section 14(1)(b) of the Act but the landlords
do not rely on this factor; rather S.A. Ispahani, PW1, has admitted in his
deposition that the landlords were not depending upon the condition of the
building for demolition and reconstruction. Their purpose was only to construct
a multi-storey building so as to earn more and put the property to the best
profitable utilization to their own advantage. A perusal of the judgments of
the Rent Controller, the Appellate Authority and the High Court shows all of
them having arrived at a finding that the building was an old dilapidated
building and needed to be reconstructed. However, the Appellate Court denied
eviction solely on the ground that on the own admission of the landlords, the
landlords were not relying on the condition of the building for the purpose of
demolition and reconstruction and, therefore, they were lacking in bona fides
and not entitled to invoke Section 14(1)(b) of the Act.
The
judicial opinion centering around Section 14(1)(b) of the Act, as it has travelled
through the passage of times has been noticed in a recent decision of this
Court in R.V.E. Venkatachala Gounder Associated Publishers (Madras) Ltd.,
(1991) 1 SCC 301, held the field up to the year 1996. The view taken therein
was that it was the condition of the building which was determinative of the
degree of urgency warranting demolition followed by reconstruction of the
building and on such finding depended the bona fides of the requirement within
the meaning of Section 14(1)(b) of the Act.
However,
the Constitution Bench decision in Vijay Singh and Ors. effect of holding of
this Court in P.Orr and Sons (supra) and held that the age and condition of the
building was only one of the relevant factors, and certainly not the sole
determinative factor, for testing the bona fides of the landlord. The
Constitution Bench held that the bona fides of requirement for demolition could
be found out by taking into account
(i)
bona fide intention of the landlord far from the sole object only to get rid of
the tenants,
(ii) the
age and condition of the building,
(iii) the
financial position of the landlord to demolish and erect a new building.
However,
the Constitution Bench added that these were only some of the illustrative
factors to be taken into consideration before an order is passed under Section
14(1)(b).
In
R.V.E. Venkatachala Gounder (supra) this Court has held that apart from the age
and condition of the building the capacity of the landlord to demolish and
reconstruct, the useful utilization of the property which would on demolition
and reconstruction make available more space to be occupied by human beings for
residential/non-residential purposes and the genuine desire of the landlord to
earn economic advantage are relevant factors pointing to the bona fides of the
requirement. In the present case it has been found that the building is an old
construction requiring demolition and reconstruction. Out of the total area of
the property only a part is built up and substantial portion is lying open and
vacant. There is pressure of population on the developing city and several
multi-storey complexes have come up in the vicinity of the property. There is
nothing to cast a shadow of doubt on the bona fides of the landlords pleading
an immediate need for demolition followed by reconstruction. No fault can be
found with the finding of fact arrived at by the High Court. The decision by
the Appellate Court was rendered on 25th February, 1994 when three-Judge Bench
decision of this Court in P.Orr & Sons (supra) was holding the field and in
view of the construction placed by this Court in P.Orr & Sons the Appellate
Court was persuaded to deny eviction in spite of the finding of facts being for
the landlord. The High Court has rightly set aside the judgment of the
Appellate Authority and ordered eviction following the law laid down by the
Constitution Bench in Vijay Singh & Ors. case. It is true that the
landlords have not pleaded and relied on the age and condition of the building
as one of the components of their bona fides but that is immaterial. The age
and condition of the building has been determined and is available for
assessing the bona fides of the landlords' need.
It
cannot be doubted that the landlords are men of means. They have placed
documentary evidence on record to show that they are income-tax and wealth-tax assessees.
S.A. Ispahani, PW1 has explained in his statement how the landlords proposed to
arrange for the funds required for reconstruction as per their plans and there
is nothing to doubt the truthfulness of the statement so made.
The
learned counsel for the appellant faintly urged at the end that a school is
running in the tenancy premises and it will not be in public interest to order
eviction resulting in closure of school only to serve the private interest of
the landlords. Such a plea aims at touching the emotions and not the law yet we
may quickly dispose it of as of no consequence by exploding the myth in it. The
school is an unrecognized private school run by the tenant catering to the need
of non-resident Indians who have to leave their children behind in the country.
Indeed, the school is being run not for a social service, but for the private
earnings of the tenant. The proposed reconstruction would put the property to
optimum utility and would be able to provide roof over the head of and shelter
for many a families hitherto deprived of the same and may also provide
additional space for business and commerce if a part of the proposed
construction will be commercial. We do not think that in such circumstances
eviction under Section 14(1)(b) can be denied in the name of public interest.
In
view of what has been stated hereinabove we do not find any ground for
interfering with the judgment of the High Court holding the tenant liable to be
evicted under Section 14(1)(b) of the Act.
However,
there is only one aspect that needs to be taken care of and that we propose to
deal with at the end and now. In the city of Tirupur a building cannot be constructed except on the plans of
proposed construction being approved by the local authority. Though the plan of
proposed reconstruction is ready with the landlords but the same has not been
submitted to the Municipal Authority till now. For this omission the
explanation given by the landlords through S.A. Ispahani, PW1 is that a
substantial amount is charged by the local authority by way of fee for
sanctioning the plans for reconstruction and if the reconstruction is not
carried out within a limited time the sanction has to be kept renewed
periodically for which the local authority again charges a substantial amount
by way of renewal fee.
The
phenomenal delay in disposal of litigation entails heavy financial burden on
the landlord and that is why they have not submitted the plans for approval
though ready. There appears to be some substance in the plea inasmuch as we
find that this litigation itself has taken about 14 years by this time in
achieving a finality. A procedure can be devised to protect the interests of
both __ the tenant and the landlord, specially by taking care of the
apprehension expressed by the tenant that the property may remain lying unconstructed
in spite of being vacated by the tenant and followed by demolition if the plans
for proposed reconstruction are not sanctioned by the local authority.
The
decree as passed by the High Court is sustained but it is directed that the
landlords shall submit the plans of reconstruction for the approval of the
local authority. Only on the plans being sanctioned by the local authority the
decree for eviction shall be available for execution. Such sanctioned or
approved plans shall be produced before the Executing Court whereupon the Executing Court shall allow a reasonable time to the tenant for vacating
the property and delivering possession to the landlord-decreeholders. Till then
the tenant shall remain liable to pay charges for use and occupation of the
suit premises at the same rate at which they are being paid. Along with the
plans the landlords shall also file an undertaking before the Executing Court as required by clause (b) of
sub-Section (2) of Section 14 of the Act. Subject to the said modification the
decree as passed by the High Court is maintained. The appeal stands disposed
of. No order as to the costs.
..
........................J
( R.C.
LAHOTI ) ..................J.
( B.N.
AGRAWAL ) May 9, 2002.
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