Sri Kempaiah
Vs. Lingaiah & Ors [2001] Insc 583 (31 October 2001)
R.P.
Sethi & S.N. Phukan Sethi,J.
The
appellant-landlord prayed for eviction of the respondents- tenants on the
ground of his bonafide personal requirement within the meaning of Section 21(1)(h)
of the Karnataka Rent Control Act (hereinafter referred to as "the
Act"). He submitted that he had a large family and was residing in a
rented premises. He intended to convert the entire premises, in the occupation
of the respondents- tenants and some other tenants, into one portion by making
suitable alterations. It was further contended that the respondents were in
arrears of payment of rent.
The
Trial Court allowed the petition holding that the appellant required the
premises for his bonafide use and occupation but in revision filed by the
respondents-tenants, the order of the Trial Court was set aside vide the common
order impugned in these appeals. The appellant submits that the High Court was
not justified in allowing the revision petitions and setting aside the order
passed by the Trial Court allegedly without looking into the fact that the
entire premises in question was to be made as one unit as per plan Exhibit P-8.
It is further contended that the High Court was not justified in holding that there
existed discrepancies in the statements of the witnesses produced by the
appellant or that he had no reasonable bonafide requirement of the premises in
occupation of the respondent-tenants. The conclusions arrived at by the High
Court are termed to be not based upon the evidence led in the case and the
rejection of his prayer for eviction is causing great hardship to him. It is
further submitted that the findings of fact arrived at by the Trial Court could
not be disturbed by the High Court in exercise of its revisional jurisdiction.
Section
50 of the Act provides:
"50.
Revision (1) The High Court may, at any time call for and examine any order
passed or proceeding taken by the Court of Small Causes or the Court of Civil
Judge under this Act or any order passed by the Controller under Sections 14,
15, 16 or 17 for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the legality or
correctness of such order or proceeding and may pass such order in reference
thereto as it thinks fit.
(2)
The District Judge may, at any time call for and examine any order passed or
proceeding taken by the Court of Munsiff referred to in sub-clause (iii) or
clause (d) of Section 3 for the purpose of satisfying himself as to the
legality or correctness of such order or proceeding and may pass such order in
reference thereto as he thinks fit. The order of the District Judge shall be
final.
(3)
The costs of and incidental to all proceedings before the High Court or the
District Court shall be in the discretion of the High Court or the District
Judge, as the case may be." It has been held in Bhoolchand & Anr. v.
Kay Pee Cee Investments & Anr. [1991 (1) SCC 343] that the revisional
powers of the High Court, under the Act, are wider than the powers conferred
upon it under Section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The High Court is not
precluded to appreciate the evidence for arriving at the conclusion regarding
the alleged reasonable bonafide requirement.
We do
not find any fault in the judgment of the High Court in so far as the scope of
its powers under Section 50 of the Act is concerned.
Regarding
non payment of rent, the High Court has found that the landlord had not been
able to show as to what actual quantum of amount each tenant was liable to pay
when he issued the notice. Despite showing the total amount allegedly payable
by the tenants, the landlord failed to show the rate of rent of the leased
premises in occupation of each of the respondents-tenants. The Trial Court,
therefore, rightly held that "in the absence of any material regarding the
rate of rent, the self-testimony of PW1 cannot be accepted". It may be
noticed that the appellant himself did not appear as a witness in the case and
tried to prove the averments made in the petition by production of PW1, his
son, as his witness. The aforesaid finding of fact was not disturbed by the
High Court.
Regarding
the reasonable bonafide requirement of the appellant, the High Court, on
appreciation of evidence, found that he had no bonafide reasonable requirement,
the case was not a case in which partial eviction could have been ordered and
if the eviction is ordered, greater hardships would be caused to the tenants
who were all proved to be poor people.
Though
it was pleaded that the appellant was under compulsion to vacate the premises
under his occupation as his landlord was inisisting to vacate the same, yet no
evidence was led in that behalf. It may have been a wish or desire of the
appellant to occupy the leased premises but he failed to prove the reasonable bonafide
requirement as contemplated under Section 21(1)(h) of the Act. The word
"require" used in clause (h) of sub-clause (1) of Section 21 of the
Act implies something more than a mere wish or impulse or desire on the part of
the landlord. Although the element of need is present in both the cases, the
real distinction between "desire" and "require" lies in the
insistence of the need. There is an element of "must have" in the
case of "require" which is not present in the case of mere
"desire". The ground mentioned in clause (h) of Sub-section (1) of
Section 21 of the Act emphasizes to the genuineness of the requirement of the
landlord.
The
term "reasonable and bonafide requirement" are complementary and
supplementary to each other in the context. Dealing with a similar provision
under the Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947, this
Court in Dattatraya Laxman Kamble v. Abdul Rasul Moulali Kotkunde & Anr.
[1999 (4) SCC 1] held that when the Legislature employed the two terms together
the message to be gathered is that requirement must be really genuine from any
reasonable standard. Where eviction is sought on the aforesaid ground, a duty
is cast upon the court to satisfy itself with the alleged requirement of the
landlord.
Even
in a case where the tenant does not contest or dispute the claim of the
landlord and the tenancy is governed by the Rent Control legislation, the court
is obliged to look into the claim independently and give a specific finding in
that regard.
Learned
counsel for the appellant took us through the evidence produced in the case and
we have also perused the order of the Trial Court as well as the High Court. We
find no ground to interfere with the findings arrived at by the High Court vide
the order impugned in these appeals.
Learned
counsel for the appellant also drew our attention to the orders passed by this
Court in IA Nos.6 to 10 on 30th April, 2001
and prayed that as the respondents have failed to comply with the directions,
eviction against them be directed in terms of Section 29(4) of the Act. The
submission has no substance in view of the Memo of Calculations filed by the
appellant himself which shows that the respondents had made the payment of the
rent as per their own calculations and even according to the appellant a meagre
amount is stated to have not been paid. Without determining the quantum of
rent, particularly when the appellant himself was not sure about the monthly
rate of rent, we are satisfied that the court order dated 30th April, 2001
stands substantially complied with not requiring the invoking of powers under
Section 29(4) of the Act.
There
is no merit in these appeals which are accordingly dismissed without any order
as to costs.
.......................J.
(R.P.
SETHI) .......................J.
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