Rajeev
Chaudhary Vs. State (N.C.T.) of Delhi [2001] Insc 278 (4
May 2001)
M.B.
Shah & S.N. Variava Shah, J.
J U D
G M E N T
Leave
granted.
Short
question involved in this appeal is with regard to the interpretation and
construction of the expression offence punishable with imprisonment for a term
of not less than ten years occurring in proviso (a) to Section 167(2) of the
Criminal Procedure Code in context of the expression imprisonment which may
extend to ten years occurring in Section 386 of the IPC.
Appellant
was arrested in connection with an offence punishable under Sections 386, 506
and 120-B of the I.P.C.
He was
produced before the Metropolitan Magistrate, Delhi on 31.10.1998 and was
released on bail by order dated 2.1.1999 by the Metropolitan Magistrate on the
ground that charge-sheet was not submitted within 60 days as provided under
Section 167(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
That
order was challenged before the Sessions Judge, New Delhi by filing Criminal Revision No.22 of 1999. By judgment and
order dated 18.8.1999, the Additional Sessions Judge, New Delhi allowed the said revision
application. The learned Additional Sessions Judge held that for an offence
under Section 386 IPC, period of sentence could be up to 10 years RI. Hence,
clause (i) of the proviso (a) to Section 167 (2) would be applicable. He,
therefore, set aside the order passed by the Metropolitan Magistrate releasing
the accused on bail. That order was challenged before the High Court by the
accused. The High Court referred to its earlier decisions and held that
expression an offence punishable with imprisonment for a term of not less than
10 years in clause (i) of the proviso to Section 167 would mean an offence
punishable with imprisonment for a specified period which period would not be
less than 10 years or in other words would be at least ten years. The words not
less than qualify the period. These words put emphasis on the period of ten
years and mean period must be clear ten years. It was further held that on a
plain reading of clause (i) of proviso (a) to sub-section (2) of Section 167
Cr. P.C., there seemed to be no doubt that offences punishable with death,
imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term of ten years or more would
fall under clause (i) and offences which are punishable with imprisonment for
less than ten years would fall under clause (ii). Hence, the High Court
confirmed the order passed by the Additional Sessions Judge. That order is
challenged in this appeal.
Section
167 is a provision which authorises the Magistrate permitting detention of an
accused in custody and prescribing the maximum period for which such detention
could be ordered pending investigation. We are concerned with the
interpretation of proviso (a) of Section 167(2) which reads thus:- 167.
Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours. (2)..
Provided
that (a) the Magistrate may authorise the detention of the accused person
otherwise than in the custody of the police, beyond the period of fifteen days,
if he is satisfied that adequate grounds exist for doing so, but no Magistrate
shall authorise the detention of the accused person in custody under this
paragraph for a total period exceeding,
(i)
ninety days, where the investigation relates to an offence punishable with
death, imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term of not less than ten
years;
(ii) ."
Further, Section 386 of I.P.C. provides as under:
386.
Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt. Whoever
commits extortion by putting any person in fear of death or of grievous hurt to
that person or to any other, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable
to fine.
(Emphasis
added) From the relevant part of the aforesaid sections, it is apparent that
pending investigation relating to an offence punishable with imprisonment for a
term not less than10 years, the Magistrate is empowered to authorise the
detention of the accused in custody for not more than 90 days. For rest of the
offences, period prescribed is 60 days. Hence in cases, where offence is
punishable with imprisonment for 10 years or more, accused could be detained up
to a period of 90 days. In this context, the expression not less than would mean
imprisonment should be 10 years or more and would cover only those offences for
which punishment could be imprisonment for a clear period of 10 years or more.
Under Section 386 punishment provided is imprisonment of either description for
a term which may extend to 10 years and also fine. That means, imprisonment can
be for a clear period of 10 years or less. Hence, it could not be said that
minimum sentence would be 10 years or more. Further, in context also if we
consider clause (i) of proviso (a) to Section 167(2), it would be applicable in
case where investigation relates to an offence punishable
(1) with
death;
(2) imprisonment
for life; and
(3) imprisonment
for a term of not less than ten years.
It
would not cover the offence for which punishment could be imprisonment for less
than 10 years. Under Section 386 of the IPC, imprisonment can vary from minimum
to maximum of 10 years and it cannot be said that imprisonment prescribed is
not less than 10 years.
In the
result, the appeal is dismissed.
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