K. Ponnuswamy
Vs. State of Tamilnadu by Inspector of Police, [2001] Insc
354 (31 July 2001)
K.T.
Thomas & S.N. Variava S. N. Variava, J.
[WITH
Criminal Appeal No. 760 of 2001 (arising out of SLP (Crl.) No. 1622/2001)]
These SLPs
are filed against the Judgment dated 12th April, 2001.
When
these SLPs were called out Mr. Ramamurthy, Senior Counsel for the State of Tamil Nadu, prayed for an adjournment of four
weeks. He submitted that, as Accused Nos. 2 to 5 have been acquitted by the
impugned Judgment, the State was going to prefer an Appeal against the same
Judgment. Mr. Rao opposed the Application on the ground that the Petitioner was
in jail. He submitted that if the State wanted an adjournment, for such a long
period, then the Petitioner should be released on bail. We, therefore, felt
that the best course to follow would be to hear these SLPs today. When the
State files its Appeal it can be heard separately.
Accordingly
leave is granted Heard parties.
By
these Appeals the Appellant is challenging his conviction under Section 13 (1)(e)
read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act.
Brief
facts leading to these Appeals are as follows:
The
Appellant was elected as a member of Legislative Assembly from Marungapuri
constituency in June 1991. He became the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative
Assembly on 3rd July,
1991. He was Minister
of Education to the Government of Tamil Nadu from 17th May, 1993 to 9th
May, 1996. For the
sake of convenience this period from 17th May, 1993 to 9th May, 1996 will hereinafter be referred to as the check period.
Before
the Appellant came to the political arena he was employed as a Lecturer in the Government Arts College. It has been shown that in 1973 the
Appellant had taken a crop loan from the Bank of India for a sum of Rs.13,000/-.
That amount had not been repaid by the Appellant. Ultimately a Suit came to be
filed and the amount had to be collected in execution of decree in that Suit.
In 1985 the Appellant had borrowed a sum of Rs.5,000/- from R. Palanivelu
(P.W.16) who was also working as a Lecturer along with him. For this loan the
Appellant had executed a promissory note. The financial condition of the
Appellant was such that he was unable to repay the loan. Ultimately a Suit had
to be filed against him and a decree came to be passed. Even after passing of
the Decree the amount was not repaid. The Decree had to be executed. The decreetal
amount had to be recovered from the salary of the Appellant. This clearly shows
that before he became a Minister the Appellant's financial condition was very
weak.
At
this stage, it must be mentioned that Accused No. 2 is the wife of the
Appellant. Accused No. 3 is his daughter. Accused No. 2 was and is merely a
house-wife. She admittedly had only a small agricultural income and no other
source of income. Admittedly Accused No. 3 was a student before and during the
check period. She had no source of income.
Accused
No. 4 is the son of the brother of the Appellant. Accused No. 5 is the brother
of the Appellant. Accused No. 6 is the Chartered Accountant who had submitted
income tax and wealth tax returns of the Accused Nos. 2 to 5.
The
case of the prosecution was that during the check period the Accused No. 1
acquired, in his name and in the names of Accused Nos. 2 to 5, pecuniary
resources and property disproportionate to his known sources of income. The
prosecution examined as many as 65 witnesses and got 297 exhibit marks. The
Trial Court, on the basis of the evidence lead, acquitted Accused No. 6.
However, Accused No. 1 (i.e. the Appellant) was convicted under Section 13 (1)
(e) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. Accused Nos. 2
to 5 were convicted under Section 109 I.P.C. and also under Section 13(1)(e)
read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Trial Court ,
after convicting the Accused, directed consfication of the pecuniary resources
and properties to the extant of Rs. 77,49,337.77.
Appellant
and Accused Nos. 2 to 5 filed Criminal Appeals before the High Court against
the convistion as well as against the Order confiscating the pecuniary
resources and properties. The High Court disposed of these Appeals by the
impugned Judgment dated 12th
April, 2001. The High
Court acquitted Accused Nos. 2 to 5 but confirmed the conviction of the
Appellant.
The
High Court held that as it had acquitted Accused Nos. 4 and 5 the assets
standing in their names had to be excluded from the Order of confiscation.
The
High Court, however, maintained the order of confiscation in respect of the
assets of the Appellant and his wife and daughter. As against this portion of
the Order the wife and daughter of the Appellant have also filed SLP (Crl.)
Nos. 1867 and 2343 of 2001. Those were also listed on Board along with these
Appeals. We have delinked those SLPs.
As
stated above, the charge against the Appellant is that whilst he was holding
the office as Minister of Education, Government of Tamil Nadu i.e. during the
check period he abused his position as a public servant and acquired and
possessed pecuniary resources and properties in his name and in the names of
Accused Nos. 2 to 5 disproportionate to his known sources of income to the
extent of Rs. 77,49,337.77.
Sections
13(1)(e) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act read as follows:
"13.
Criminal misconduct by a public servant.-
(1) A
public servant is said to commit the offence of criminal misconduct.- (a) xxx xxx
xxx (b) xxx xxx xxx (c) xxx xxx xxx (d) xxx xxx xxx (e) if he or any person on
his behalf, is in possession or has, at any time during the period of his
office, been in possession for which the public servant cannot satisfactorily
account, of pecuniary resources or property disproportionate to his known
sources of income.
(2)
Any public servant who commits criminal misconduct shall be punishable with imprisonment
for a term which shall be not less than one year but which may extend to seven
years and shall also be liable to fine." Thus under Section 13(1)(e) if
either the public servant or any person on his behalf, is in possession or has,
at any time during the period of his office, been in possession of pecuniary
resources or property disproportionate to his known sources of income the
public servant would have committed misconduct unless he can satisfactorily
account.
As
stated above, the Trial Court convicted Accused Nos. 1 to 5 on the footing that
the prosecution has established that between them assets disproportionate to
the known sources of income (to the extent of Rs.77,49,337.77) had been proved.
That there were large assets has not been seriously disputed. Of course there
is a dispute as to the exact amount.
This
is set out later. What has however been disputed is that these are assets in
the name of the Appellant i.e. that Accused Nos. 2 to 4 are holding these
assets on behalf of the Appellant.
The
High Court asked the parties to give a break up of the assets in the names of
each of the accused. On such break up it was found that so far as the Appellant
was concerned, in his own name, there were no pecuniary resources or assets
disproportionate to his known sources of income.
However,
it was found that assets standing in the name of his wife i.e. Accused No. 2
were, according to the prosecution in a sum of Rs.35,23,396/- and according to
the defence in a sum of Rs. 29,00,067/-. The assets standing in the name of his
daughter i.e. Accused No. 3, according to the prosecution were in the sum of Rs.
11,14,772/- whereas according to the defence they were in the sum of Rs.
11,26,283/-. The assets in the name of Accused No. 4, according to the
prosecution as well as the defence were in region of Rs. 18,55,308/-. The
assets in the name of Accused No. 5, according to the prosecution were in the
region of Rs, 13,16,158/-, whereas according to the defence they were in the
region of Rs. 10,01,079/-.
Whether
the assets are as claimed by the defence or the prosecution is not material for
purposes of these Appeals. Even if the figures are, as claimed by the defence,
they are still quite large.
The
High Court then holds that the prosecution had not proved or shown whether
Accused Nos. 4 and 5 had any independent source of income of their own. The
High Court concludes that the prosecution by failing to conduct an
investigation into the individual income of Accused Nos. 4 and 5 had failed to
prove that the assets standing in the names of Accused Nos. 4 and 5 did not
belong to them. The High Court held that it could not, therefore, be held that
Accused Nos. 4 and 5 were holding assets only on behalf of Accused No. 1. On
this basis the High Court acquits Accused Nos.4 and 5. As we have been told
that the State is likely to file an Appeal against acquittal of Accused Nos. 4
and 5 we make no comments on this aspect.
Accused
No. 2 was only a house-wife and Accused No. 3 was only a student before and
during the check period. Accused No. 3 being a student had no source of income
except some very small agricultural income. It is proved and admitted that the
only source of income of Accused No. 2 is agricultural income from 5.45 acres
of dry lands amounting to Rs, 82,880/- and interest on saving in bank account
amounting to Rs. 16,376/-. It is proved that prior to the check period Accused
Nos. 1, 2 and 3 had no substantial income or property. Even according to the defence
version, Accused No. 2 got assets amounting to Rs. 29,00,067/- and Accused No.
3 got assets amounting to Rs. 11,14,772/-. According to Accused Nos. 2 and 3
the income is supposed to have been gifted to both of them by Accused No.4.
The
Trial Court and the High Court have dealt in detail with the evidance led by the
prosecution to show the existence of the income and the purchase of properties.
We are not setting out the entire evidance as in our view the following evidance
would suffice to show that the prosecution has proved beyond a reasonable doubt
that Accused 2 and 3 derived the income and properties during the check period.
The
prosecution has led the evidance of PW10, the District Registrar, Trichy who
proved that Accused No. 2 purchased a house site in her name on 10th August,
1984 for a sum of Rs. 3,23,000/-. She purchased another property, from Mr. Selvaraj,
on 7th November, 1994 for a sum of Rs.2,50,000/-. A third
property was purchased by her, from one R. Vijay Lakshmi, on 25th February,
1995 for a sum of Rs. 3,25,000/-. In her statement under Section 313 all these
purchases are admitted. The only explanation is that these were purchased from
gift cheques received from Accused No. 4.
The
prosecution has led the evidence of the Manager, Karur Vyasya Bank, Main
Branch, Trichy. He has produced the ledger of the bank relating to the saving
bank accounts standing in the name of Accused No. 2. The computer print out has
been marked as Ex. P.E.5. It is shown that an amount of Rs. 10,00,000/-, as per
pay in slips, Exs. P.40 and 41, had been deposited in the year 1993-94. Further
an amount of Rs. 5,00,000/- was deposited as per pay in slip Ex. P.65. On
3.3.1995 another Rs. 5,00,000/- was deposited through pay in slip Ex. P.66. On
the same day, yet another amount of Rs. 5,00,000/- was deposited as per pay in
slip Ex. P.67. One month earlier i.e. on 2.2.1995 an amount of Rs. 5,00,000/-
was paid into the account through pay in slip Ex. P. 68. Thus an amount of Rs.
20,00,000/- has been deposited into the account of Accused No. 2 within a
period of not even 40 days i.e. 25.1.1995 to 3.3.1995.
The
prosecution has examined P.W.6, Manager of Andhra Bank, Trichy. His evidence
shows that locker Nos. 122 and 32 were kept by Accused Nos. 2 and 4 jointly.
These lockers were opened in presence of P.W. 23, the then Deputy Commissioner
of Commercial Taxes by the Deputy Superintendent of Police, Vigilance on
2.9.1996 at about 2.30
p.m.
Totally,
there were 37 items of jewels and Ex. P 114. Search list was prepared and
signed by P.W.23 and PW 6. PW 34 the proprietor of Devi Jewellers, Trichy
states that Accused No. 2 purchased jewels through cash bills Ex. P. 202 to
214. The various dates of purchases are 16.12.1993, 24.1.1994, 28.1.1994,
18.3.1994, 31.3.1994, 28.7.1994, 28.11.1994, 26.12.1994, 10.2.1995, 28.2.1995,
20.3.1995 and 31.3.1995. Even as per the worksheet submitted by the defence,
the total value of the jewels purchased by Accused No. 2 from M/s. Devi Jewellers
is Rs. 8,88,086/-.
Further,
PW 50, the accountant of Combatore Jewellers has deposed that Accused No. 2
purchased jewels worth Rs. 84,250/- on 15.3.1995. The carbon copy of bill was
marked as Ex.P.265. On the same day, jewels were purchased for Rs. 18,000/- as
per Ex. P. 266. According to the witness on 25.3.1995, jewels for a value of Rs.
1,46,000/- were purchased as per Ex.P267, cash bill. Even as per worksheet
filed by the defence from 15.3.1995 to 25.3.1995 jewels were purchased from PW
50 Combatore Jewellers for Rs. 3,08,250/-. When the above said evidence of PW
34 and PW 50 was put to A2 during the course of questioning her under Section
313 Cr.P.C. she admitted the above said purchase but failed to explain through
what income she purchased those jewels. She only stated at the end of her
examination that she purchased movable and immovable out of the gift cheques
received by her through Accused No. 4.
The
prosecution has also led the evidence of P.W.10, District Registrar Trichy.
This witness proved that on 25th November, 1990 Accused No. 3 purchased property under Sale Deed Ex. P.69. Accused No.
3 also purchased another property on 24th November, 1994 under Sale Deed Ex.P.71. The above
properties were of the value of Rs. 1,90,000/- and Rs.1,95,000/-. It must be
noted that Accused No. 2 had also purchased other properties from the very same
party. Thus the daughter of the Appellant (i.e. Accused No. 3) was merely a
student and had no source of income had purchased properties, paid for the
stamp duty and other costs. When this fact was put to her Accused No. 3 she
admitted that the purchases were made in her name. But she failed to explain
the source of income from which the properties were purchased.
The
prosecution has, through the evidence of T. Ramachandran (P.W.5), i.e. the
Manager of Karur Vysya Bank, Main Branch, Trichy, also proved that Accused No.
3 had Saving Bank A/c in that bank. The computer print out of the ledger was
marked as Ex. P.34. In that an amount of Rs. 5,00,000/- was deposited on 24th November, 1994 through pay in slip Exs. P.35 and
P.36. When this fact was put to her in her examination under Section 313 she
admitted the accounts but said that she did not know anything about it. Even
with regard to the lockers standing in her name she stated that she knew
nothing about it.
The
prosecution has thus proved beyond reasonable doubt that substantial wealth was
acquired by Accused Nos. 2 and 3 during the check period. The only explanation
given for the acquisition of this wealth was that it had been gifted to them by
Accused No. 4. Both the Trial Court and the High Court have disbelieved the
story of gift and concluded that these were in fact the properties held by
these persons on behalf of Accused No. 1.
On
this basis Accused No. 1 had been convicted.
Mr. Rao
has seriously assailed the Judgments of the Trial Court and the High Court. He
submitted that it has been established in the High Court that Accused No. 1
himself did not have any pecuniary resources or properties disproportionate to
his known sources of income. He submitted that the prosecution has miserably
failed to show that the properties standing in the names of Accused Nos. 2 and
3 were held by them on behalf of Accused No. 1. He submitted that it was for
the prosecution to prove beyond reasonable doubt and by means of legal evidence
that these were Benami properties of Accused No. 1. Mr. Rao submitted that
Accused No.4 had been acquitted by the High Court on the ground that the
prosecution has not investigated into his personal source of income. He
submitted that, therefore, it could not be presumed that Accused No. 4 had no
personal source of income. He submitted that Accused No. 4 was the nephew of
the Appellant and, therefore, out of love and affection he had gifted the
properties to Accused Nos. 2 and 3. He submitted that it was the prosecution to
establish by legal and cogent evidence that the gifts were not genuine and that
these were not the properties of Accused Nos. 2 and 3. He submitted that as the
prosecution had miserably failed to discharge the burden and prove that the
properties were held benami by Accused 2 and 3 on behalf of Accused 1 neither
the Trial Court nor the High Court could have convicted Accused No. 1 under
Section 13(1)(e) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act.
In
support of his submission Mr. Rao relied upon the authority of this Court in
the case of Krishnanand v. State of M.P. reported in (1977) 1 SCC 816. In this
case this Court has held as follows:
It is
well settled that the burden of showing that a particular transaction is benami
and the appellant owner is not the real owner always rests on the person
asserting it to be so and this burden has to be strictly discharged by adducing
legal evidence of a definite character which would either directly prove the
fact of benami or establish circumstance unerringly and reasonable raising an
inference of that fact. The essence of benami is the intention of the parties
and not unoften, such intention is shrouded in a thick veil which cannot be
easily pierced through. But such difficulties do not relieve the person
asserting the transaction to be benami of the serious onus that rests on him,
nor justify the acceptance of mere conjecture or surmises as a substitute for
proof. It is not enough merely to show circumstances which might create
suspicion, because the court cannot decide on the basis of suspicion. It has to
act on legal grounds established by evidence." There can be no dispute
with the legal proposition. However, let us see what is meant by
"Proved". Section 3 of the Evidence Act defines "Proved" as
follows:
"
"Proved".- A fact is said to be proved when, after considering the
matters before it, the Court either believes it to exist, or considers its
existence so probable that a prudent man ought, under the circumstances of the
particular case, to act upon the supposition that it exists." Further,
Section 114 of the Evidence Act reads as follows:
"114.
Court may presume existence of certain facts.- The Court may presume the
existence of any fact which it thinks likely to have happened regard being had
to the common course of natural events human conduct and public and private
business, in their relation to the facts of the particular case." Thus the
fact is said to be proved when after considering the matters before it, the
Court believes it to exist, or considers its existence so probable that a prudent
man ought, under the circumstances of the particular case, to act upon the
supposition that it exits. In coming to its belief the Court may presume
existence of any fact which it thinks likely to have happened having regard to
the natural course of event, human conduct and public and private business, in
relation to the facts of each case.
Now,
let us see the facts of this case. The prosecution has established beyond a
reasonable doubt, that prior to the check period Accused Nos. 1, 2 and 3 had no
real source of income, except some meager incomes, i.e. Accused No. 1 only
earned a small salary as a Lecturer and Accused Nos. 2 had small agricultural
and other income. Accused No. 3 being a student had no real source of income.
Prior to the check period the financial condition of the family was such that
Accused No. 1 could not even repay his small debts. The creditors had to
recover their amounts by filing suits and executing decrees. We are presuming
that Accused No. 4 had independent income. However prior to the check period
Accused No. 4 had not been afflicted by any love and affection and had not made
any gifts to any member of the family of the Accused No. 1. Prior to the check
period Accused No 4 did not even extend help to pay off the small debts of
Accused No. 1 even after the decrees had been passed against Accused No.1. Yet
suddenly, during the check period, i.e. when Accused No. 1 is a Minister,
Accused No. 4 donates large sums of money to Accused Nos. 2 and 3. The natural
presumption, considering the common course of natural events and human conduct
is that Accused No. 1 would have used his nephew Accused No. 4 to transfer his
(Accused No 1s) monies to Accused Nos. 2 and 3. This is the supposition which
any prudent man under these circumstances would act upon considering the
natural course of events. The Trial Court and the High Court thus rightly took
this as proved by legal evidence. The prosecution having established by legal
evidence that the monies were transferred by Accused 1 to Accused Nos. 2 and 3
through Accused No. 4 and that these were monies of Accused No. 1 in the hands
of Accused Nos. 2 and 3, it was for the Appellant to satisfactorily account for
the gifts. He could have done so by showing that even before the check period
Accused No. 4 had made gifts of substantial amounts. It has not been claimed by
Accused 2 and/or 3 and/or 4 that before the check period also Accused No. 4 had
made any such gifts. It is also not their case that after the check period
gifts were made. Thus the Trial Court and the High Court were right in not
believing the case of gifts supposedly made out of a sudden brust of love and
affection. Both the Trial Court and the High Court were right in convicting
Appellant. As we are told that the State is going to file an appeal against the
acquittal of Accused Nos. 2 and 3 we are not making any comments thereon.
In our
view, there is no infirmity in the Order of the High Court so far as the
conviction of Apellant is concerned. We see no reason to interfere.
Accordingly
these Criminal Appeals stand dismissed. There will be no Order as to costs.
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