Govt.
of Andhra Pradesh & Ors Vs. Mohd. Ghouse Mohinuddin & Ors [2001] Insc
424 (27 August 2001)
G.B.
Pattanaik & Ruma Pal Pattanaik, J.
With
Civil Appeal No. 1653/1997.
These
appeals are directed against the order of the Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunal.
By the impugned order, the Tribunal directs the re-determination of inter se
seniority zone-wise basis in different cadres for promotion to the higher
posts. The tribunal deals with three different departments of the Government of
Andhra Pradesh, Commercial Tax Department, Revenue Department and Police
Department.
After
insertion of Article 371-D of the Constitution, by the Constitution (32nd
Amendment) Act, 1973, the President of India, issued Andhra Pradesh Public
Employment (Organisation of Local Cadres and Regulation of Direct Recruitment)
Order, 1975 [hereinafter referred to as the Presidential Order]. The aforesaid
Presidential Order was intended for providing equitable opportunities and
facilities for the people belonging to different parts of the State of Andhra Pradesh, in the matter of public employment
and in the matter of education. The object of the aforesaid Article was to
promote accelerated development of the backward areas of the State of Andhra Pradesh, so as to secure the balanced development
of the State as a whole and to provide equitable opportunities to different
areas of the State in the matter of education, employment and career prospects
in public service. The expression Public employment in Article 371-D has been
interpreted by this Court in the case of Government of Andhra Pradesh and Anr. vs.
A. Suryanarayanarao and Ors., 1991 Supp.(2) S.C.C. 367, to mean both direct
recruitment as well as promotion.
Paragraph
3 of the Presidential Order casts an obligation on the State Government to organise
classes of posts in the Civil Services and the classes of Civil posts under the
State, into different local cadres for different parts of the State to the
extent and in the manner provided in the Presidential Order, within a period of
18 months from the commencement of the Presidential Order. Proviso to the
aforesaid paragraph enables the President to require the State Government, at
any time, even after the expiry of the period of 18 months, whenever the
President considers it expedient so to do, to organise any classes of posts in
the Civil Services of, and classes of civil posts under the State into
different local cadres for different parts of the State. The aforesaid enabling
provision for organisation of different local cadres is obviously intended to
achieve the main objective of Article 371-D, namely to provide equitable
opportunities to different areas of the State, in the matter of education,
employment and career prospects in public services as well as to promote
accelerated development of the backward areas of the State of Andhra Pradesh,
so as to secure the balanced development of the State as a whole. Sub-para (3)
of Paragraph 3 of the Presidential Order reads thus:
Para 3(3). The posts belonging to each
non- gazetted category, other than those referred to in sub-paragraph (2), in
each department in each zone shall be organised into a separate cadre.
Sub-para
(7) of Paragraph 3 reads thus:
Para
3(7) In organising a separate cadre in respect of any category of posts in any
department for any part of the State, nothing in this order shall be deemed to
prevent the State Government from organising or continuing more than one cadre
in respect of such category in such department for such part of the State.
Paragraph
6 of the Presidential Order deals with the local areas, which reads thus:
Para 6. Local Areas: -
(1)
Each district shall be regarded as a local area-
(i)for
direct recruitment to posts in any local cadre under the State Government
comprising all or any of the posts in any department in that district belonging
to the category of a Junior Assistant or to any other category equivalent to or
lower than that of a Junior Assistant;
(ii) for
direct recruitment to posts in any cadre under any local authority within that
district, carrying a scale of pay the minimum of which does not exceed the
minimum of the scale of pay of Junior Assistant or a fixed pay not exceeding
that amount.
(2)Each
zone shall be regarded as a local area- (i)for direct recruitment to posts in
any local cadre under the State Government comprising all or any of the posts
in any department in that zone belonging to any non-gazetted category other
than those referred to in sub-paragraph (1);
(ii)for
direct recruitment to posts in any local cadre comprising all or any of the
posts in any department in that zone belonging to the categories of Tahsildars
and Junior Engineers;
Assistant
Agricultural Officers, Inspectors of Police and Motor Vehicles Inspectors.
[G.O.Ms.No.498, G.A.D.(SPF), Dt. 16.7.1977] (iii)for direct recruitment to
posts in any cadre under any local authority within that zone, carrying a scale
of pay, the minimum of which exceeds the minimum of the scale of pay of a
Junior Assistant but does not exceed Rs.480 per mensem; or a fixed pay which
exceeds the minimum of the scale of pay of a Junior Assistant but does not
exceed Rs.480 per mensem;
Provided
that where a single cadre has been organised for two or more zones under sub-
paragraph (5) of paragraph 3 of posts belonging to any of the categories referred
to in clause (i) or clause (ii) each of such zones shall be regarded as a
separate local area in respect of such cadre.
(3).Notwithstanding
anything contained in sub- paragraph (1) and (2):-- (i)the City of Hyderabad
shall be regarded as a local area for direct recruitment to posts in any local
cadre under the State Government comprising all or any of the posts in the said
City in the departments and belonging to the categories notified under
sub-paragraph (6) of paragraph 3, and said City shall be excluded from the
local area relatable to any other local cadre comprising posts in the
departments and belonging to the categories so notified; and
(4).Notwithstanding anything contained in sub- paragraphs (1), (2) and (3):- (i)the
districts of Medak, Rangareddy and Hyderabad shall be regarded as a local area
for direct recruitment to posts in any cadre under the Hyderabad Urban
Development Authority Comprising posts, carrying a scale of pay, the minimum of
which does not exceed the minimum of the scale of pay of a Junior Assistant or
a fixed pay not exceeding that amount;
(ii)Zone
VI shall be regarded as a local area for direct recruitment to posts in any
cadre under the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority comprising posts,
carrying a scale of pay, the minimum of which exceeds the scale of pay of
Junior Assistant but does not exceed Rs.480 per mensem or a fixed pay which
excess the minimum of the scale of the pay of Junior Assistant but does not
exceed Rs.480 per mensem.
[Sub-para
(4) is added by G.O.Ms. No. 498, G.A.D., (SPF-A) Dept., Dt. 16.7.1977].
(iii)the
city of Hyderabad shall be regarded as a local area for direct recruitment to
posts in any cadre under a local authority within the said city comprising
posts carrying a scale of pay, the minimum of which does not exceed Rs.480 per mensem
or a fixed pay not exceeding that amount, and the said City shall be excluded
from the local area relatable to any cadre under any local authority not within
the said City.
In
exercise of powers conferred upon the State Government under paragraph 3(1) of
the Presidential Order, the State of Andhra Pradesh issued G.O.Ms. No. 581, organising the Commercial Tax
Department by constituting different local cadres. The aforesaid Government
Order, providing scheme for organisation of local cadre in Commercial Tax
Department, was issued on 24th of May, 1976, and Appendix to the aforesaid
scheme, indicates that while posts of Deputy Commissioners, Assistant
Commissioners and Commercial Tax Officers, continue to be state level posts and
as such, there was no necessity to organise any local cadre, but the posts of
Deputy Commercial Tax Officers were organised into six zonal cadres and the
cadre strength of different zones was also indicated in the aforesaid schedule.
So far as the Non-Gazetted posts are concerned, they were organised into nine
different smaller units by the State Government, for the purpose of recruitment
and promotion. Necessarily, therefore, by way of an annexure, the revised
jurisdiction of the Deputy Commissioners Division, after reorganisation, was
indicated, indicating nine different smaller units, and these smaller units,
became the area for the purpose of recruitment and promotion and seniority as
well.
Corresponding
to G.O.Ms. No. 581 issued for the Commercial Tax Department, G.O.Ms.No. 497
dated 30th of April, 1976 deals with Revenue Department and under the aforesaid
G.O.Ms, while paragraph 5 deals with gazetted posts of Tahsildars, which are
required to be organised into zonal cadres and in fact six zonal cadres had
been organised, but so far as non-gazetted posts are concerned, the same was organised
into district-wise basis as the unit and nine such units were organised, in
respect of the posts of Deputy Tahsildars, Head Clerks, Upper Division Clerks,
Lower Division Clerks, Typists, Shroffs, Jeep Drivers, Record Assistants and
Last Grade Servants. In an identical manner, reorganisation of posts in the
local cadre in Police Department was issued under G.O.Ms. No. 795 dated 30th June, 1976. It is undisputed that in this
batch of appeals, we are concerned with the question of seniority as well as
promotion in respect of such non-gazetted posts in the Commercial Tax
Department, in the Revenue Department and Police Department. These smaller
units, organised by the State Government in discharge of its obligation under
paragraph 3 of the Presidential Order, remained operative and the appointment,
promotion and seniority continued to be dealt with the smaller units as the
cadre, until the impugned judgment of the tribunal. It may be necessary at this
stage to mention that in the Commercial Tax Department, subsequent to the
issuance of G.O.Ms. No. 581, the Government of Andhra Pradesh had issued two
further G.O.Ms. being G.O.Ms Nos. 1648 and 1900. The validity of the aforesaid
two G.O.Ms. was the subject matter of consideration in the case of S. Prakasha Rao
and anr. vs. Commissioner of Commercial Taxes and Ors., 1990(2) S.C.C. 259. A
Three Judge Bench of this Court, analysed different paragraphs of the
Presidential Order as well as the Order issued by the State Government, organising
different classes of posts into the local cadres, in accordance with paragraph
3 of the Presidential Order and ultimately, came to the conclusion that after
expiry of 18 months from the date of the issuance of the Presidential Order,
there is no power with the State Government for creation of any further local
cadre and, therefore, the seniority has to be prepared pursuant to the initial organisation,
and the question of seniority and promotion has to be determined, within the
local cadre, created by the State Government in issuing the order of organisation,
as required under paragraph 3 of the Presidential Order. In S.Prakasha Raos
case, this Court came to the conclusion that the post of Junior Assistant is
the District Cadre post and the posts of Senior Assistants and Assistant
Commercial Tax Officers are the zonal posts.
The
Court also further came to the conclusion that under paragraph 3(1) of the
Presidential Order, the State Government, through issuance of G.O.Ms. No. 581
had organised the Commercial Taxes Department by constituting different local
cadres and having done so, the State ceases to have any power to bifurcate or reorganise
a zone within a zone, cadre or cadres therein and, therefore, any such
subsequent reorganisation could be only for administrative necessity and not
for the purpose of recruitment, seniority and promotion etc. The Court held
that for the purpose of recruitment, seniority, promotion, discharge etc., the
local cadre once organised under paragraph 3(1) shall be final and continue to
be operative until action is taken under proviso to sub-paragraph (1) of
Paragraph 3 of the Presidential Order.
With
these conclusions, the action of the State Government, in issuing subsequent G.O.Ms.
was held to be invalid.
A
batch of cases relating to the Commercial Tax department, Revenue Department
and Police Department were heard together by the Administrative Tribunal and
were disposed of by the common judgment which is the subject matter of
challenge in these appeals. The tribunal in the impugned order came to the
conclusion that validity of G.O.Ms. No. 581, dealing with Sales tax department
did not fall for consideration in the earlier round of litigation in Prakash Raos
case. It further held that Division is a unit for the purpose of administration
and zone is a unit for the purpose of organisation of cadres for direct
recruitment, appointment, seniority, promotion and transfer under the
Presidential Order. It also held that organisation of various local cadres
under the notification issued by the State Government, does not satisfy the
requirement of the Presidential Order as provided in para 3 and such separate
cadres in smaller units affect the conditions of service mentioned in para
5(1). The tribunal held that Para 3(7) of the Presidential Order, only enables
the State Government to have separate cadre for administrative convenience and
that the principle on which Supreme Court struck down the subsequent G.O.Ms. in
Prakash Raos case, would equally apply to G.O.Ms. No. 581. Interpreting Para
3(7), the tribunal held that the State Government cannot organise cadre in any
other part of the state for the purpose of public employment. On an analysis of
the G.O.Ms. No. 497, issued in respect of the posts in the Revenue Department,
the tribunal held that the units of appointment for the above categories of
posts in the Revenue Department, conform to the provision in the Presidential
Order and hence no particular action is called for in respect of the posts in
the Revenue Department. The tribunal found that the Sales Tax Department, the
Revenue Department and the Police Department have acted without reference to
the Presidential Order. Interpreting the expression such part of the State, it
held that the State Government cannot organise cadres in any other part of the
State for the purpose of public employment, mentioned in para 5(1). The
tribunal ultimately held that recruitment to different posts, has to be made as
per the units created under the Presidential Order and not in accordance with
the reorganisation made by the State Government in exercise of powers conferred
under para 3 of the Presidential Order. With these conclusions, the specific G.O.Ms
in the three departments having been annulled and further directions having
been issued, these appeals have been preferred.
Mr. L.
Nageswara Rao, appearing for the appellant in Civil Appeal No. 1653/1997 and
Mr. G. Prabhakar, appearing for the appellant-State of Andhra Pradesh in the
other appeals, contended that the reorganised units having been created by the
State Government, in exercise of power under paragraph 3(1) of the Presidential
Order, since 1976 and having remained operative for more than 15 years, the
tribunal was not justified in entertaining applications in the years 1992 and
1993 and then interfering with the said organisational scheme and directing
reconsideration of the seniority and consequential promotional avenues, which
would unsettle the settled position and would create chaos in administration.
It was further contended that in Prakash Raos case, this Court has examined a
relevant G.O.Ms, issued by the State Government in exercise of powers under
Paragraph 3(1) and has held that the units, created by the State Government
under the scheme of organisation, would be the unit, for the purpose of
recruitment, promotion, discharge etc., the tribunal had no jurisdiction to
interfere with that conclusion and on an erroneous analysis of the provisions,
the tribunal has interfered with the same and as such, the impugned order of
the tribunal cannot be sustained.
The
counsel also urged that paragraph 3(1) of the Presidential Order, enables the
State Government to organise classes of posts in the civil services, into
different local cadres for different parts of the State and paragraph 3(7) of
the Presidential Order makes it explicitly clear that nothing in the
Presidential Order would prevent the State Government from organising separate
cadre in respect of any category of posts in any department for any part of the
State. A combined reading of paragraphs 3(1) and 3(7), therefore makes it clear
that within 18 months from the commencement of the Presidential Order, the
State Government could organise classes of posts in the civil services of the
State into different local cadres for the purpose of achieving the main
objective of the Presidential Order, and such organised local cadre, would be
the area of operation for considering the question of recruitment, promotion
etc. This being the position, the tribunal committed error by holding that
paragraph 3(3) of the Presidential Order would have an over-riding effect.
Mr.
P.S. Narasimha, appearing for the respondents in the appeal relating to Revenue
Department, on the other hand contended that the Presidential Order, more
particularly, paragraph 3(3) of the same, indicates the zone and zone should be
the area of consideration and the State Government cannot be held to have any
jurisdiction to constitute any smaller units for the purpose of recruitment,
promotion etc., which would contravene the Presidential Order and, therefore,
the tribunal was justified in issuing the impugned direction. So far as the
delay in approaching the tribunal is concerned, Mr. Narasimha contends, that if
the reorganisation of the cadre by the State Government is contrary to the
Presidential Order and consequently, invalid and inoperative, the mere delay in
approaching the tribunal, would not take away the rights of the employees and,
therefore, the tribunal was justified in interfering with the G.O.Ms. issued by
the State Government under paragraph 3(1) of the Presidential Order.
We
have considered the rival submissions and we find considerable force in the
submission of Mr. Nageswara Rao and Mr. Prabhakar, appearing for the
appellants, both on the question of delay as well as on the interpretation of
the Presidential Order as well as the order issued by the State Government, in
exercise of powers under paragraph 3(1) of the Presidential Order. From the
impugned order of the tribunal as well as the materials on record, it is
crystal clear that the notifications issued by the State Government in the year
1976, organising smaller units of cadre in respect of non-gazetted posts,
remained operative till the tribunal was approached in 1992-93. The
recruitment, promotion and other service conditions of these employees, in
respect of posts enumerated in the order of the State Government was made
within the organised cadre, issued by the State Government, which was
essentially meant for equitable opportunities and facilities in the matter of
public employment. It is a cardinal principle in Service Jurisprudence, that a
particular method or procedure adopted for a long time, need not be ordinarily
interfered with, unless such method is repugnant to any constitutional
provision or is contrary to any statutory rule. That apart, under the
Administrative Tribunal Act, a period of limitation is provided for, in Section
21. In this view of the matter, when the units formed the cadre, pursuant to
notifications issued by the State Government, in the year 1976, in respect of
non- gazetted posts and on that basis, appointment to and promotion within the
cadre was being considered, in respect of non-gazetted posts, applications
filed before the tribunal in 1992-93, after expiry of more than 15 years, could
not have been entertained and the settled position could not have been
unsettled, as has been done by the tribunal in its final order.
On
this ground alone, the impugned order cannot be sustained.
Let us
now examine the provisions of the Presidential Order as well as the
notifications issued by the State Government in exercise of powers conferred
upon it under the Presidential Order, to find out whether by such
notifications, there has been any infraction of the constitutional provision or
the provision contained in the Presidential Order itself. When one speaks of
public employment, immediately Article 16 comes into focus.
Clauses
(1) and (2) of Article 16 guarantee equality of opportunity to all citizens, in
the matter of appointment to any office or any employment under the State.
Clauses (3) to (5) lay down exception to the above rule and Clause (4) permits
reservation for backward classes of citizens, who are not in the opinion of the
State, adequately represented in the services of the State. In view of the
mandate of Article 16, but for the Presidential Order issued under Article
371-D, it would not have been possible to consider the question of employment
within the narrower units of cadre, created by the State Government, in
exercise of powers conferred upon it under paragraph 3(1) of the Presidential
Order. Article 371D, however was inserted in the Constitution by the
Constitution (32nd Amendment) Act, 1973, authorising the President to pass
special order in respect of the State of Andhra Pradesh. The history behind insertion of the aforesaid Article has
been elaborately dealt with in the impugned order of the tribunal. Suffice it
to say that, as there was lot of disparity in the matter of opportunities,
available in public employment between the inhabitants of Telengana region and
the Andhra region, there was a political turmoil and ultimately, the political
will culminated in a six point formula and it is in implementation of the
aforesaid formula, Article 371-D was inserted, conferring power on the
President of India to pass appropriate order for equitable opportunities and
facilities for the people belonging to different parts of the State, in the
matter of public employment. Clause (2) of Article 371D enables the President
of India, to provide in the order, requiring the State Government to organise
any class or classes of posts in a civil service of the State, into different
local cadres for different parts of the State and allot, in accordance with
such principles and procedure, as may be specified in the order, the persons
holding such posts to the local cadre, so organised. The State Government,
which is supposed to be aware of the representation of the people from
different areas of the State in any class or classes of civil posts, has thus
been conferred with power to organise smaller units, as cadre for the purpose
of recruitment, promotion and other conditions of service in public employment,
so that people from different parts can share responsibility, which in turn
would ensure all round development of the State. The Presidential Order, that
has been issued in exercise of powers under Clauses (1) and (2) of Article
371-D, unequivocally authorises the State Government in paragraph 3 of the
Order for organisation of local cadres for different parts of the State. Sub-para
(7) of Paragraph 3, itself stipulates that in the matter of organising a
separate cadre in respect of any category of posts, in any department for any
part of the State, nothing stated in the Presidential Order can be deemed to
prevent the State Government from such act.
A
combined reading of sub-para (1) of Paragraph 3 and sub-para (7) of Paragraph
3, unequivocally indicates that any order issued by the State Government in the
matter of organising a separate cadre, in respect of any category of posts,
will have an over-riding effect and no part of the Presidential Order,
including sub-para(3) of Paragraph 3, on which Mr. Narasimha, strongly relied
upon be a fetter on the said power of the State Government. Such power has been
designedly conferred upon the State Government to achieve the main objective
for which Article 371-D was engrafted, viz. to provide equitable opportunities
to different areas of the State, in the matter of employment and career
prospects in public services, and for achieving the aforesaid objective,
undoubtedly, the State Government would be in possession of all datas and
materials, enabling it to organise different local cadres. We have no
hesitation to come to the conclusion that paragraph 3(1) read with para 3(7) is
not subject to Paragraph 3(3), as was held by the tribunal and as was contended
by Mr. Narasimha. On the other hand, paragraph 3(7) of the Presidential Order,
would have an over- riding effect over paragraph 3(3) and, therefore, any order
issued by the State Government under Paragraph 3(1), constituting different
local cadres for different parts of the State would be the area of operation
for the purpose of recruitment, promotion and other service conditions, so far
as the non-gazetted posts are concerned. In the aforesaid premises, we are of
the considered opinion that the tribunal committed serious error in
interpreting different provisions of the Presidential Order and the
notifications of the State Government, issued in exercise of powers conferred
upon it under paragraph 3(1) of the Presidential Order, and accordingly, the
said order of the tribunal is set aside. The conclusions of the tribunal, on
interpreting the provisions of the Presidential Order, on the face of it, are
erroneous and cannot be sustained. We are unable to sustain the conclusion that
the very principle on which Supreme Court struck down the subsequent
notifications, purported to have been issued in exercise of powers under
paragraph 3(7) of the Order, would apply to the initial notification issued for
organising various local cadres. We also fail to understand, how by organising
local cadres under notifications issued by the State Government, any
requirement of the Presidential Order has been contravened. The further
conclusion of the tribunal that paragraph 3(7) only enables the State
Government to have separate cadres for administrative convenience, is based
upon a misreading of the said provision and would be repugnant to the purpose
for which the Presidential Order was issued in exercise of powers under Article
371-D, and the State Government was conferred power for organising smaller
cadres in different parts of the State to achieve uniform development and to
offer equal opportunities in the matter of employment. We, therefore,
unhesitatingly, set aside the conclusions arrived at, by the tribunal in the
impugned judgment.
These
appeals are allowed. The applications filed before the tribunal, stand
dismissed.
...................J.
(G.B.
PATTANAIK) ..................J.
(RUMA
PAL) August 27, 2001.
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