Hari
Singh Mann Vs. Harbhajan Singh Bajwa & Ors [2000] INSC 530 (1 November 2000)
K.T.
Thomas, & R.P. Sethi. SETHI,J.
Leave
granted.
L.I.T.J
Respondent No.1 who is a practising Advocate filed a petition under Section 482
of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the High Court of Punjab and Haryana with
prayers:
"i)
Call for the records of the case for the purpose of perusal, ii) direct the
respondent No.6 i.e. Station House Officer of Police Station, Kharar, District Roopnagar
as well as Senior Superintendent of Police, Roopnagar (respondent No.3) to
register a case on the basis of complaint dated 14.12.1998 (Annexure P-4)
lodged by the petitioner as well as MLR dated 11.12.1998 (Annexure P-4) lodged
by the petitioner as well as MLR dated 11.12.1998 (Annexure P-3) of the
petitioner without any further delay.
iii) direct
any judicial officer to hold inquiry/ investigation in the aforesaid case in
view of the serious allegations levelled by the petitioner against senior
Police Officer of District Roopnagar.
iv) direct
the respondent NO.2 (DGP Punjab) to immediately transfer the respondent No.4, 5
and Inspector Jasdev Singh, who is presently posted as SHO of Police Station Kharar,
District Roopnagar, so that free, fair and impartial investigation/ inquiry may
be conducted by some judicial officer in view of the peculiar facts of the case
under reference." In his petition the respondent No.1 contended that he
was conducting several civil/criminal cases filed by M/s.Falcon Breeders
Private Limited as well as its Directors against the appellant and respondent
No.8. It was alleged that with a motive to compel the respondent No.1-Advocate
to withdraw as counsel of the said company and its Directors, the appellant and
respondent NO.8 hatched a criminal conspiracy to implicate him in false and
fabricated criminal cases. They were alleged to have mixed up with one Ranjit
Singh, Deputy District Attorney (Legal) attached with the office of Senior
Superintendent of Police, District Roopnagar, Punjab and managed the
registration of a case against the respondent No.1 and his clients being FIR
No.151 dated 10.12.1988 at Police Station Kharar for various offences under the
Indian Penal Code. In furtherance of the alleged conspiracy a raid was
conducted on 11.10.1988 in the house of one Ravnit Singh, a client of the
respondent No.1.
The
respondent No.1 reached at the house of Ravnit Singh, when called, and found
there a contingent of police. It is alleged that the moment the respondent No.1
came out of his car, he was roughed up and thrown in an open truck. He was
taken to Police Station, Sector 11, Chandigarh where DDR No.24 dated 11.10.1988 was registered. He further alleged
that thereafter he was whisked away to Police Station, Kharar. His arms were
tied behind his back and a piece of cloth was tied around his eyes. He was
thereafter taken to an unknown destination and was pushed in an isolated room
where the appellant herein and respondent No.8 were already waiting. He was
subjected to criminal torture by using third degree methods for about 2-3
hours. The respondent No.6 was also alleged to have caused injuries upon the
said Advocate with a sharp knife below the knees, without provocation. Red chillies
are stated to have been sprinkled on his fresh wounds with the object to harm,
injure and terrorise him. He was threatened to be eliminated by the police
personnel and the appellant. After the torture process, the eyes of the
respondent No.1 were again blind-folded and he was brought back to Police
Station, Kharar where his wife Mrs.Gursharan Kaur had reached by that time.
Upon her raising hue and cry he was sent to Civil Hospital, Kharar for conduct of his medical
examination where he was examined by Dr.Balwinder Singh. He was stated to have
been released on 11.10.1998 after about 3 hours by the orders of the Judicial
Magistrate, First Class, Kharar.
He
claimed to have filed a written complaint in Police Station, Kharar for
registration of FIR against the alleged culprits. The copies of the complaint
are stated to have been sent to Chief Minister, Punjab, Chief Secretary, Punjab, Principal Secretary, Punjab, the
Director General of Police, Police SSP, Roopnagar Chief Justice of India and the Home Minister of India. As
no action was taken on his complaint, he filed a petition in the High Court
with prayers as noted hereinabove.
After
hearing the respondent No.1, who appeared in person, the learned Single Judge
of the High Court disposed of his petition on 7.1.1999 with directions:
"After
hearing the petitioner, who is an Advocate himself, this court is of the
considered opinion that no case for direct registration of the case is made out
and a preliminary enquiry is required. In these circumstances, the present
petition is disposed of with the directions to the SSP, Roopnagar, to look into
the allegations of the petitioner and if he comes to the conclusion that some
cognizable offence has been committed by respondents 7 or 8 or anybody else, he
shall order for the registration of the case. If the allegations of the
petitioner are found to be false, the petitioner shall be prosecuted u/s 182
IPC. The petitioner can lead such evidence in support of his case before the
SSP who shall conclude the investigation within 3 months from the receipt of the
copy of the order." After the disposal of the petition filed by the
respondent No.1 and consequently action taken in pursuance to the directions issued against
the SSP, Roopnagar, the respondent No.1 again
filed a Miscellaneous Petition which was registered as Criminal Miscellaneous
No.M-15 of 1999 and disposed of on 30.4.1999 by the same learned Single Judge,
apparently without notice to the appellant herein or any other respondent in
that petition, with directions: "The petitioner submits that he has filed
a Criminal Complaint on 9.3.1999 in the court of Mrs.Neelam Arora JMIC, Kharar
and she has taken cognizance and in this view of the matter he does want to
prosecute his allegations with the SSP, who may be directed not to take any
action because the matter is already subjudice before the competent court of
jurisdiction. Therefore, now directions are given to SSP Roopnagar not to
comply with directions dated 7.1.1999 and not to file any calendra under
Section 182 IPC against the petitioner". The appellant herein also filed a
Criminal Miscellaneous No.20653 of 1999 on 31st May, 1999 with prayer for quashing the Court
order dated 30th April,
1999 on the ground of
its being illegal, against the well established principles of law and being a
review of order dated 7.1.1999 not permissible under the criminal law. The said
application was dismissed by the learned Single Judge on 21st July, 1999. The present appeals have been
filed with prayer for quashing the orders passed by the learned Single Judge on
30th April, 1999 and 21st July, 1999 mainly on the ground of the orders being without
jurisdiction.
The
respondent No.1 who appeared in person tried to justify the impugned orders
with submissions that the High Court has the power to pass any order in any
proceeding at any stage, in the interests of justice to eliminate any threat to
a fair trial. In support of his contention he relied upon a judgment of this
Court in Talab Haji Hussain v. Madhukar Purshottam Mondkar & Anr. [AIR 1958
SC 376].
We
have noted with disgust that the impugned orders were passed completely
ignoring the basic principles of criminal law. No review of an order is
contemplated under the Code of Criminal Procedure. After the disposal of the
main petition on 7.1.1999, there was no lis pending in the High Court wherein
the respondent could have filed any miscellaneous petition. The filing of a
miscellaneous petition not referable to any provision of Code of Criminal
Procedure or the rules of the Court, cannot be resorted to as a substitute of
fresh litigation. The record of the proceedings produced before us shows that
directions in the case filed by the respondents were issued apparently without
notice to any of the respondents in the petition. Merely because the respondent
NO.1 was an Advocate, did not justify the issuance of directions at his request
without notice of the other side. The impugned orders dated 30th April, 1999 and 21st July, 1999 could not have been passed by the High Court under its
inherent power under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The
practice of filing miscellaneous petitions after the disposal of the main case
and issuance of fresh directions in such miscellaneous petitions by the High
Court are unwarranted, not referable to any statutory provision and in
substance the abuse of the process of the court.
There
is no provision in the Code of Criminal Procedure authorising the High Court to
review its judgment passed either in exercise of its appellate or revisional or
original criminal jurisdiction. Such a power cannot be exercised with the aid
or under the cloak of Section 482 of the Code. This Court in State of Orissa v. Ram Chander Agarwala [AIR 1979
SC 87] held:
"Before
concluding we will very briefly refer to cases of this Court cited by counsel
on both sides, 1958 SCR 1226:
(AIR
1958 SC 376) relates to the power of the High Court to cancel bail. The High
Court took the view that under S.561A of the Code, it had inherent power to
cancel the bail, and finding that on the material produced before the Court it
would not be safe to permit the appellant to be at large cancelled the bail,
distinguishing the decision in 72 Ind App 120: (AIR 1945 PC 94) (supra) and
stated that the Privy Council was not called upon to consider the question
about the inherent power of the High Court to cancel bail under S.561A. In Sankatha
Singh v. State of U.P. (1962) Supp (2) SCR 871: (AIR 1962
SC 1208) this Court held that S.369 read with S.424 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure specifically prohibits the altering or reviewing of its order by a
court. The accused applied before a succeeding Sessions Judge for re-hearing of
an appeal. The learned Judge was of the view that the appellate court had no
power to review or restore an appeal which has been disposed of.
The
Supreme Court agreed with the view that the appellate court had no power to
review or restore an appeal. This Court, expressing its opinion that the
Sessions Court had no power to review or restore an appeal observed that a
judgment, which does not comply with the requirements of S.367 of the Code, may
be liable to be set aside by a superior court but will not give the appellate
court any power to set it aside itself and re-hear the appeal observing that
"Sec.369 read with S.424 of the Code makes it clear that the appellate
court is not to alter or review the judgment once signed, except for the
purpose of correcting a clerical error. Reliance was placed on a decision of
this Court in Supdt. and Remembrancer of Legal Affairs W.B. v.
Mohan
Singh, AIR 1975 SC 1002 by Mr.Patel, learned counsel for the respondent wherein
it was held that rejection of a prior application for quashing is no bar for
the High Court entertaining a subsequent application as quashing does not
amount to review or revision. This decision instead of supporting the
respondent clearly lays down, following Chopra's case (AIR 1955 SC 633) (supra)
that once a judgment has been pronounced by a High Court either in exercise of
its appellate or revisional jurisdiction, no review or revision can be
entertained against that judgment as there is no provision in the Criminal
Procedure Code which would enable the High Court to review the same or to
exercise revisional jurisdiction. This Court entertained the application for
quashing the proceedings on the ground that a subsequent application to quash
would not amount to review or revise an order made by the Court. The decision
clearly lays down that a judgment of the High Court on appeal or revision cannot
be reviewed or revised except in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal
Procedure Code. The provisions of S.561A of the Code cannot be invoked for
exercise of a power which is specifically prohibited by the Code." Section
362 of the Code mandates that no Court, when it has signed its judgment or
final order disposing of a case shall alter or review the same except to
correct a clerical or arithmetical error. The Section is based on an
acknowledged principle of law that once a matter is finally disposed of by a
Court, the said Court in the absence of a specific statutory provision becomes functus
officio and disentitled to entertain a fresh prayer for the same relief unless
the former order of final disposal is set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction
in a manner prescribed by law. The court becomes functus officio the moment the
official order disposing of a case is signed. Such an order cannot be altered
except to the extent of correcting a clerical or arithmetical error. The
reliance of the respondent on Talab Haji Hussain's case (supra) is
misconceived. Even in that case it was pointed that inherent powers conferred
on High Courts under Section 561A (Section 482 of the new Code) has to be
exercised sparingly, carefully and with caution and only where such exercise is
justified by the tests specifically laid down in the section itself. It is not
disputed that the petition filed under Section 482 of the Code had been finally
disposed of by the High Court on 7.1.1999. The new Section 362 of the Code
which was drafted keeping in view the recommendations of the 41st Report of the
Law Commission and the Joint Select Committees appointed for the purpose, has
extended the bar of review not only to the judgment but also to the final
orders other than the judgment.
The
impugned orders of the High Court dated 30.4.1999 and 21.7.1999 which is not
referable to any statutory provisions having been passed apparently in a review
petition in a criminal case is without jurisdiction and liable to be quashed. In
view of what has been stated hereinabove, the appeals are allowed and the
impugned order of the High Court dated 30.4.1999 and 21.7.1999 are set aside
restoring its original order dated 7.1.1999.
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