Kapildeo
Prasad Sah & Ors Vs. State of Bihar & Ors [1999] INSC 300 (25 August
1999)
D.P.Wadhwa,
S.Saghir Ahmad. D.P. Wadhwa, J.
Leave
granted.
On
refusal of the Patna High Court to initiate proceedings for contempt against
the respondents, the appellants have come to this court.
The
appellants were working as Assistant Teachers in different elementary schools
in Godda district in the State of Bihar. They are in the category of untrained teachers.
Their
services were terminated. Some of the teachers similarly placed filed writ
petitions in the High Court against their termination and the matter ultimately
reached this Court. It is not necessary to go into the various stages of the
litigation except to note that this Court by order dated November 30, 1992 in Birendra Kumar & Ors. vs. State
of Bihar (CA 1 of 1992) directed as under :
"We,
therefore, direct once again that if there are vacancies and if there are not
trained teachers available the untrained teachers who were employed prior to
the new rule came into operation, would be reinstated in service if after
subjecting them to the selection process they are found suitable. If there are
no vacancies, they would be empanelled according to their seniority and would
be appointed according to their seniority in the vacancies arising in future.
Unless this panel is exhausted, no new appointment of untrained teachers will
be made from outside.
It is
understood that those eligible for being so appointed will be the ones who were
appointed before the new rule came into operation.
While
making the appointments of those who were so in service prior to the date of
appointment, the State Government will relax the age limit, if necessary.
We are
informed that the appellants involved in the present case were paid salaries till
30th June, 1991. We also understand from Mr. B.B.
Singh, learned advocate appearing for the State that all the vacancies have
been filled in till 1.1.1992. If there were vacancies and yet the appellants
were not appointed in the said vacancies such of the appellants who were
eligible to be appointed and yet were not appointed in spite of the vacancies,
would be entitled to the salaries from 1st July, 1992 till their appointment.
However, if there were no vacancies and all the appellants or some of them have
to be appointed in the new vacancies which may be available hereafter, they
will not be entitled to the salaries from 1st July, 1992, till the date of their
appointment. However, when they are appointed the period of break in service
not exceeding one year will be taken into consideration for benefits other than
salary.
The
appeal is disposed of accordingly with no order as to costs." Appellants
and some other teachers like them got similar orders from the High Court in
their respective writ petitions. The main order passed by the High Court is
dated January 20, 1993 in CWJC No.7000/92. In this
judgment the High Court noticed the appointments made in some districts and the
number of existing vacancies. State had contended that only one regular vacancy
existed when according to the petitioners, there were not less than 2,000
vacancies.
Counter
affidavit filed by the State did not indicate if all the 2,000 vacancies had
been filled up. With the consent of the counsel for the petitioners and the
Advocate General that these petitions may also be disposed of in the light of
the aforementioned direction of the Supreme Court the High Court directed it
accordingly. High Court said : "We may however, direct the State to fill
up posts in terms of the aforementioned direction of the Supreme Court with
utmost expedition and preferably within two months from the date of receipt of
a copy of this order." Similar orders were passed in other writ petitions
filed by untrained teachers as well.
Under
the orders of the Supreme Court and those of the High Court which followed, the
State Government was to fill up the existing vacancies, if any, by appointing
the appellants and other untrained teachers who were eligible to be appointed
against those vacancies and in case vacancies did exist as on January 1, 1992
the teachers so appointed against those vacancies would be entitled to salary
from July 1, 1992 till their appointment. This was so as salaries had been
disbursed up to June
30, 1991. If there
were no vacancies, these untrained teachers had to be appointed in the new
vacancies which might be available thereafter and in that case they were not be
entitled to the salary from 1st July 1992 till the date of their appointment.
Appellants
were appointed on October 4, 1994 pursuance to the directions of the High Court
on October 4, 1994 by an order issued by the District Superintendent of
Education, Godda. Appellants are receiving their salaries w.e.f. October 4, 1994. They claimed that it was case of
reappointment under the orders of the Court and that since they were appointed
against vacancies existing prior to January 1, 1992, they were entitled to salary from July 1, 1992 till October 3, 1994. They made their claim for the arrears of salary and since
there was no response from the State Government, they filed petition for
initiation of contempt proceedings against the State as well as its
functionaries being the Director, Primary Education; Deputy
Commissioner-cum-Chairman of the District Establishment Committee, Godda; and
District Superintendent of Education, Godda district. Since it was the case of
the respondents that no vacancy existed in the Godda District as on January 1, 1992, High Court by the impugned order
dated July 8, 1998 dismissed the contempt proceedings.
High Court said that there was no violation of the order passed by the High
Court and if the appellants alleged that any direction of the Supreme Court had
been violated, then it was not for the High Court to initiate any contempt
proceedings. Aggrieved, appellants have come to this Court.
Here
again the stand of the respondent has been that there has not been any
violation of any order either of this Court or of the High Court. They are
specific in their stand that no available vacancy existed before January 1, 1992 and as such the appellants were not
entitled to the arrears of salary. Respondents have also contended that the
orders appointing the appellants did not show that they were appointed against
any vacancy existed before January 1, 1992.
Appellants have also not stated before us as to how they claim that any vacancy
existed as on January
1, 1992.
Yet
they state that there has been deliberate inaction on the part of the
respondents which showed that they had no regard and respect for Court's orders
and that the respondents were wilfully and deliberately flouting the orders and
direction of the courts.
Once
the respondents take the stand that there was no vacancy existing as on January 1, 1992 in the Godda District and in the
absence of any evidence to the contrary, it cannot be said that the orders of
the courts have been contravened.
For
holding the respondents to have committed contempt, civil contempt at that, it
has to be shown that there has been wilful disobedience of the judgment or
order of the court. Power to punish for contempt is to be resorted to when
there is clear violation of the court's order. Since notice of contempt and
punishment for contempt is of far reaching consequence, these powers should be
invoked only when a clear case of wilful disobedience of the court's order has
been made out. Whether disobedience is wilful in a particular case depends on
the facts and circumstances of that case. Judicial orders are to be properly
understood and complied. Even negligence and carelessness can amount to
disobedience particularly when attention of the person is drawn to the court's
orders and its implication. Disobedience of court's order strikes at the very
root of rule of law on which our system of governance is based. Power to punish
for contempt is necessary for the maintenance of effective legal system. It is
exercised to prevent perversion of the course of justice.
In his
famous passage, Lord Diplock in Attorney General vs. Times Newspapers Ltd.
[(1973) 3 All.E.R. 54] said that there is also "an element of public
policy in punishing civil contempt, since administration of justice would be
undermined if the order of any court of law could be disregarded with
impunity". Jurisdiction to punish for contempt exists to provide ultimate
sanction against the person who refuses to comply with the order of the court
or disregards the order continuously. Initiation of contempt proceedings is not
a substitute for execution proceedings though at times that purpose may also be
achieved.
No
person can defy court's order. Wilful would exclude casual, accidental bonafide
or unintentional acts or genuine inability to comply with the terms of the
order. A petitioner who complains breach of court's order must allege
deliberate or contumacious disobedience of the court's order.
Nothing
has been shown that the claim of the respondents that appellants have not been
appointed against any vacancy existing on January 1, 1992 is not true or that the respondents
are intentionally or deliberately advancing this plea to deprive the appellants
of their right to the arrears of the salary for some ulterior motive. That
being so, it was not a case where proceedings for contempt could have been
initiated against the respondents. High Court is right in dismissing the
contempt petition. However, since there is a serious dispute whether any
vacancy existed or not as on January 1, 1992 against which appellants or anyone
of them could have been appointed the matter certainly needs examination but
perhaps only by way of an interlocutory application in the writ petition and
not by way of contempt.
Thus,
though upholding the order of the High Court, we send the matter back to the
High Court to go into the question if any vacancy existed as on January 1, 1992 and, if so, pass appropriate
orders.
With
these observations, this appeal stands disposed of.
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