Bhana Khala Bhai Patel Vs. Assistant Collector of Customs Bulsar,
Gujarat& ANR [1997] INSC 823 (18
November 1997)
M.M.
PUNCHHI, M. SRINIVASAN
ACT:
HEADNOTE:
SRINIVASAN,J.
The
appellant is the 8th accused in Criminal Case 240 of 1974 on the file of Judicial
Magistrate, 1st Class, Umbergaon.
He was held guilty of the offence punishable under Section 135 (1-A) and 135
(1-B) of the Customs Act 1962 and also under Section 25 of the Gold. Control
Act 1968. He was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of six
years and pay a fine of Rs.5,000/- for each of the
offences under the Customs Act and rigorous imprisonment for a period of 2
years and pay a fine of Rs.2,000/- for the offence under the Gold Control Act.
The sentences of imprisonment were directed to run concurrently.
Along
with the appellants some other accused were also convicted. There were appeals
by the State Government as well as the Assistant Collector of Customs and an
appeal by the appellant before the High Court of Gujarat. The High Court while
confirming the conviction, partly allowed his appeal and reduced the sentence
of imprisonment under Section 135 (1-A) and 135(1-B) of the Customs Act to five
years rigorous imprisonment. Aggrieved by the said judgment, the appellant
preferred these appeals on Special Leave.
2. The
main contention of the learned counsel for the appellant is that the entire
case of the prosecution as against him is wholly unbelievable as there is
nothing on record to connect him with the alleged occurrence. It is submitted
that the Courts below have acted on the sole uncorroborated testimony of PW7
who was originally accused No.9 and convicted on his pleading guilty and had
undergone imprisonment for a short period. It is argued that if the evidence of
PW 27 who claimed to have worked as a driver under the appellant is eschewed
there is no material on record to prove the guilt of the appellant. It is
further argued that even if the evidence of PW 27 is considered, it will be
seen that no credence can be given to the same as his version is inherently
improbable.
3. In
the first blush the arguments of the appellant's counsel appear to be
attractive but on a perusal of the entire record it is seen that there is no
merit Briefly, the relevant facts are as follows:- On receipts
of information that contraband gold was being brought the officers of the
Customs Department kept vigil at Village Jampore in Moti-Daman. It was found that two persons (Accused 10 and
11) were coming to the coast from the sea and after interrogation it was learnt
that they were to give signals after coming to the coast and after such signals
were given, the boat in the mids of the sea would
come to the coast on the instructions of the officers.
Such
signals were given by the said persons but the boat did not come to the coast.
The officers saw red signals being flashed from the house of the appellant
situated nearby and they went to that house. There were three persons who had
flashed red signals. On the next day the officers went to the boat which was at
the mid sea and made a search. Accused Nos. 1 to 7 were on that vessel. It was
learnt from the three accused that 16 packets of gold were dumped in the sea at
a short distance. They were taken out and it was found that they contained
32000 tolas of gold. The officers recorded statements
under Section 108 of the Customs Act.
Ultimately
a complaint was filed by the Assistant Collector of Customs, Valsad on 29.3.74 against 11 accused. Accused No.10 was
absconding, Accused No.3 expired, Accused No.9 pleaded guilty. He was convicted
and sentenced to undergo two years rigorous imprisonment and to pay a fine of
Rs.2,000/-. He was in jail from 15.2.76 but there was
a remission of sentence and after release he gave evidence as PW 27.
4.
According to PW 27 he was working as Driver of the appellant from the year
1966-67. He knew the first accused for more than 15 years. On 31.1.1970 he met
the first accused in his house and told him that from a Vessel at 'Kalai' gold was to be transferred to his boat and brought to
Jampore School. The work was to be done for or on
behalf of the appellant. According to the witness one person sent by the
appellant accompanied him whose name was not known to him. That person was to
go to the Vessel so that the gold could be transferred from that Vessel to the
boat by the first accused. The said unknown person and Accused No.1 with his labourers went to the coast and left them. There. After the
boat left, he went to the Vadi of the appellant in Jampore and stayed till the boat returned. He learnt on the
next morning that the boat was caught and the gold was also seized by the
customs officers. He was being paid by the appellant whenever he wanted money.
When he learnt that the officers had seized the gold he went to Badalivadi and from that place went to Bombay to inform the appellant. He did not
know how much gold was seized.
5. We
have already referred to the contention urged by the learned counsel for the
appellant. We are unable to accept the arguments that the entire case rests on
the sole uncorrobor arted
testimony of PW27 who was a co-accused. If it had been factually correct the
contention would have been well founded. Our attention has been drawn to the
judgment is Haricharan Kurmi
Versus State of Bihar, AIR 1964 S.C.
1134
in which it is held that though the confession of a co- accused person cannot
be treated as substantive evidence and can be pressed into service only when
the Court is inclined to accept other evidence and feels the necessity for an
assurance in support of its conclusion for an assurance in support of its
conclusion deducible from the said evidence.
The
Court observed that the stage to consider such confessional statements arrived
only after the other evidence is considered and found to be satisfactory.
6. In
the present case several statements have been recorded under the Customs Act
and marked as Ex.23 to EX.31.
They
were all recorded on 2.2.1970. In the statement of Accused No.1 he stated that
PW 27 was driving the car of the appellant and he met him on the relevant date
and requested him to bring gold from the vessel which was in the sea. He was
also assured that he would be paid for the work by the appellant. He was
instructed to bring gold near Jampore School. His statement implicates the
appellant amply. His second statement was recorded on 3.2.1970 and the third on
11.7.70. In the third statement he had stated that the machine for his boat was
fitted with the help of the appellant and it was agreed between him and the
appellant that the amounts payable for the work which he would do for the
appellant could be adjusted towards the cost of the machine. According to him
the appellant told him that if he had any work he would send a message through
PW 27. The fourth statement of Accused No.1 was recorded on 25.2.1972.
The
statements of Accused Nos. 2 to 7, 10 and 11 were also recorded on 2.2.1970.
Accused No.3 made a specific reference to the appellant. The statements
recorded under the Customs Act have been duly proved by the concerned
officials. The courts below were satisfied that there was no threat or
inducement and that the relevant provisions of law were explained to the
persons who gave the statements. The statements were found to be voluntary and
not vitiated in any manner. Hence, all those statements are admissible in
evidence and it is clear therefrom that the appellant
was guilty of the offences for which he was prosecuted.
7. An
attempt was made to contest the admissibility of the said statement in
evidence. It is well settled that statements recorded under Section 108 of the
Customs Act are admissible in evidence vide Ramesh
Chandra Versus State of West Bengal, AIR 1970 S.C. 940 and K.I. Pavunny Versus Assistant Collector (H.Q.). Central Excise Collectorate, Cochin (1997) 3 S.C.C.
721.
8. The
Courts below were therefore justified in accepting the contents of those
statements and considering the evidence of PW 27 in addition thereto. Moreover
reference has been made to the evidence of PW 15 who was of a Customs.
According
to his evidence he knew 27 personally and had knowledge that he was a driver of
the appellant.
9.
Both the trial court and the High Court have discussed the evidence on record
in detail. We do not find it necessary to repeat the exercise in this judgment.
We are convinced that the discussion and appreciation of evidence by the courts
below do not suffer from any infirmity whatever. We do not find any reason to
differ from the conclusion arrived at by them. In the circumstances, the
appeals fail and are dismissed.
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