Satbir
and The State of Haryana Vs. Surat Singh & Ors [1997] INSC
157 (12 February 1997)
M.K.
MUKHERJEE, B. N. KIRPAL M.K.
MUKHERJEE, J.
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
WITH
CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS. 780-788 OF 1982
These
appeals stem from an incident that took place in the morning of June 20, 1984 in village Misri, under the
jurisdiction of Police Station Bondkalan, on the district of Bhiwani, in which
three residents of the village, namely Prabhu, his son Bir Singh & Mir
Singh and Suraj Bhan, one of their distant relations, were killed. Over the
incident a case was registered by the police on a report lodged by Satbir
Singh, a resident of the same village, and on completion of investigation
police submitted charge-sheet against thirteen persons. As one of them was a
`child' his case was separated for trial by the Children's Court and the other
twelve were arraigned before the Sessions Judge, Bhiwani pursuant to an order
of commitment made under Section 209 Cr. P.C. Against nine of them, namely, Surat
Singh, Dalwant Singh, Dola Ram, Subh Ram, Udey Ram, Suresh Kumar, Chhajju Ram, Smt.
Chameli and Smt. Giarsi, charges under Sections 148 and 302/149 IPC were
framed. Against Surat Singh and two others, namely, Ran Singh and Bishambhar a
charge of criminal conspiracy to commit the three murders was framed. The
remaining accused, namely, Dr. Satyavart Arya, the then doctor in charge of the
local primary health centre, was asked to answer charges under Sections 193,
218 and 466 IPC, which were based on the allegations that to make out a defence
of alibi in favour of Surat Singh he made false documents to show that he (Surat
Singh) was a patient in the health centre between the period from June 19 to
June 21, 1984. The trial ended with an order of conviction and sentence
recorded against them in respect of all the charge framed. While six of the
nine accused persons convicted under Sections 302/149 IPC were sentenced to
suffer imprisonment for life, the other three, namely, Surat Singh, Balwant
Singh and Dola Ram were sentenced to death. For the other convictions different
terms of imprisonment and fine were imposed upon them.
2.
Aggrieved thereby they preferred appeals in the High Court which were heard alongwith
the reference made by the trial Judge under Section 366 Cr. P.C. for confirmation
of the sentence of death. By a common judgment the High Court allowed all the
appeals, set aside the order of conviction and sentence recorded against the
twelve accused persons and rejected the reference. The above judgment of the
High Court is under challenge in these appeals: one of which has been filed by Satbir,
who lodged the F.I.R., and the others by the State of Haryana. During the pendency of these
appeals Dr. Satyavart Arya died and therefore the appeals as against him abate.
All the appeals have been heard together and this judgment will dispose of
them.
3.
Briefly stated, the prosecution case is that land bearing Killa No.31/17 in
village Misri belonged to Partap, son of Prabhu (the deceased). After death of Pratap,
his widow Surjit sold it to accused Surat Singh, Balwant Singh and Dola Ram,
who are all sons of accused Chhajju Ram. The possession, however, remained with
Prabhu and he used to cultivate it. In the early morning of he fateful day Prabhu
along with Bir Singh and Suraj Bhan went to plough the aforesaid land; and at
or about 8 A.M. Raj Kumari (PW 10), grand-daughter of Prabhu, came to the field
with meals for them. Soon after her arrival, Surat Singh armed with a jelli, Balwant
Singh with a farsa, Dola Ram with a Kulhari and Krishan, Subh Ram, Udey Ram,
Suresh Kumar and Chhajju Ram with lathis came to the field along with accused Smt.
Chameli and Smt. Giarsi. While Chameli was carrying a bag containing red chilli
powder and stones Biarsi was having some stones in her hands. Reaching there Surat
Singh raised a Jalkara that they would exterminate Prabhu and his companions as
they were ploughing the land purchased by them. To this Prabhu retorted that it
was his ancestral land and he was in its possession for long. Hearing this Smt.
Chameli took out stones and chilli powder from her bag and started throwing the
same towards the three deceased. Smt.
Giarsi
also threw stones which she was carrying in her hands. All the other accused
persons then started beating the three deceased with their respective weapons
as a result of which they fell down. Finding Satbir (P.W.7) and Harbilas
(P.W.9) of their village, who had by then reached there while in search of the
missing buffalo of the latter, and Raj Kumari (P.W.10) present there, the above
accused persons asked them to leave the place; and out of fear they took
shelter behind a cluster of bushes nearby wherefrom they saw that they were
still beating the three deceased. Soon thereafter the appellants fled away
along with their weapons. After they had gone, the above three witnesses
returned to the place of occurrence and found that all the three victims had
succumbed to their injuries. Harbilas (P.W.9) then went to their village abadi
and informed the Chowkidar who came to the spot. After deputing the Chowkidar
to guard the dead bodies, Satbir proceeded to the Police Station to lodge a
report. On the way he met ASI Dalip Singh (P.W. 24) at the bus stand and
reported the incident. Dalip Singh recorded his statement (Ext. PX) and, after
forwarding the same to the Police Station for registering a case, took up
investigation. Dalip Singh went to the place of occurrence accompanied by Satbir
and prepared inquest reports in respect of the three dead bodies which were
lying there. He then sent the dead bodies for post mortem examination. From the
spot he seized some blood stained earth and chillies and made them into
separate sealed parcels.
4. The
autopsy on the dead body of Suraj Bhan was performed by Dr. R.P. Sharma (P.W.3)
who found seven injuries on his person, out of which three were incised wounds
and other four lacerated. Dr. R.A. Mittal (P.W. 4) performed autopsy on the
body of Bir Singh and found eight lacerated wounds, besides some contusions and
abrasions.
Autopsy
on the dead body of Prabhu was performed by Dr. Suraj Bansal (P.W. 5) and he
found two incised wounds, some lacerated wounds and some abrasions and bruises.
The doctors opined that the injuries they found on the dead bodies were
sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death.
In
course of investigation the police arrested the accused persons and pursuant to
the statements made by them recovered some of the weapons allegedly used in the
assault.
5. The
other part of the prosecution case is that on the day prior to the incident
accused Surat Singh, Ram Singh and Bishambhar were seen together and heard to
talk about exterminating Prabhu.
6. The
accused persons pleaded not guilty to the charges levelled against them and
contended that they had been falsely implicated out of enmity. Accused Surat
Singh and his brothers asserted that the land in question was in their
possession on the date of the incident.
7. In
support of their respective cases the prosecution examined twenty four
witnesses and the defence one.
8. The
learned Courts below considered the medical evidence and concluded that the
prosecution succeeded in proving that Prabhu, Bir Singh and Suraj Bhan were
murdered.
Since
the above concurrent finding, being based on proper appreciation of evidence is
not to be disturbed, the only question that falls for our consideration
(consequent upon the death of accused Satyavart) is whether the High Court's
findings that the prosecution failed to conclusively prove the involvement of
the accused persons in the murders and that the evidence regarding conspiracy
was unreliable, are proper or not.
9.
Ordinarily this Court does not interfere with an order of acquittal recorded by
the High Court; but if the High Court arrives at its findings over looking
important facts and relying upon few circumstances which do not in any way
impair the probative value of the evidence adduced during trial, this Court
would be failing in its duty to do complete justice if it does not interfere
with such order of acquittal. Having carefully gone through the impugned
judgment in the light of the evidence on record we find that this case, so far
as it relates to the acquittal of some of the accused persons of the charges of
rioting and murder, calls for such interference. As regards the charge of
conspiracy however we are in complete agreement with the High Court that the
evidence adduced by the prosecution in proof thereof does not inspire
confidence.
10. To
prove the charges of rioting and murder the prosecution rested its case
primarily upon the evidence of the three eye witnesses, namely, Satbir (P.W.7),
Harbilas (P.W.9) and Raj Kumari (P.W.10). All three of them gave an ocular
version of the incident detailed earlier, including the roles of the nine
accused played in the murders. In dealing with the testimony of Raj Kumari
(P.W.10), who at the material time was aged about ten years, the High Court
observed that it was hazardous to place reliance on the same for it was not
expected of her to go to the field at 8 A.M.
with
the meals of Prabhu and Bir Singh. In making the above comment the High Court
relied upon the evidence of the doctors who found semi digested food in their
stomachs.
According
to the High Court, since they had, before leaving their house, taken their
meals, it was doubtful that P.W.10 would again take meals for them at 8 A.M. for she admitted, the meals were to be eaten by them at noon. We have not been able to appreciate the above steps of
reasoning of the High Court. It is common knowledge that villagers go to
cultivate their lands in the early morning and therefore there was nothing
unusual in P.W. 10's carrying the meals at or about 8 A.M. for their consumption sometimes later. We cannot also lose
sight of the fact that it was the peak of the summer then and therefore it was
not unlikely that to avoid the heat the family members of Prabhu and Bir Singh
had sent the young girl in the morning so that she could return home early. On
mere surmise and conjecture therefore the High Court was not justified in
discarding her evidence. The other comment the High Court made about her
testimony was that as she was not a resident of the village Misri and
occasionally came there she was not expected to be acquainted with the
villagers. This comment is based on the fact that she failed to recognise three
of the accused persons, namely, Subh Ram, Udey Ram and Suresh Kumar in the test
identification parade that was held by a Magistrate (D.W.1). This comment of
the High Court is also not a proper one for, out of the above three Udey Ram
and Suresh Kumar were accused of conspiracy and not of rioting and murder, to
which only she was a witness; and when she had failed to identify one of the
nine accused the benefit can go only to the person not identified, namely Subh
Ram, and not others.
Having
gone through her evidence we find no reason to disbelieve her more so when we
find that nothing was elicited in cross examination to discredit.
11. So
far as the other two eye-witnesses are concerned, namely P.W.7 and P.W.9, both
of them stated that they had reached the place of occurrence on their way to
village Sonf-Kasni to search the buffalo of the latter which was missing from
the morning. The High Court observed that it was by sheer chance that the
buffalo of Harbilas got astray and he along with Satbir happened to reach the
place of occurrence when the accused persons are said to have arrived and
perpetrated the crime. According to the High Court one does not come across
such coincidence in the ordinary course of life and, therefore, it was
difficult to believe their claim about their presence at the time of the
incident. The only other ground which prompted the High Court to disbelieve
these two witnesses was that Satbir was related to the deceased and Harbilas
belonged to the party of the deceased. On perusal of their evidence and
correlating the same with that of P.W.10 we find that the High Court was not at
all justified in doubting their presence at the time of the incident. It was
elicited in their cross examination that while in search of the buffalo they
got information that it had gone towards village Sonf- Kasni. It was further
elicited that the place where the incident took place was on the route to
village Sonf-Kasni.
There
was nothing unusual therefore in their being present at the material time, more
so, when there is nothing on record to disbelieve their statement that the
buffalo of one of them, namely, P.W.9 was missing since the morning. Even if we
were to accept the observation of the High Court that P.W.7 and P.W.9 were
chance witnesses still then we would not have been justified in rejecting their
evidence altogether on that score alone, for the evidence of a chance witness
is not necessarily incredible or unbelievable but it only requires cautious and
close scrutiny. The High Court was also wrong in discarding the testimony of
P.W.7 as he was a relation of deceased Suraj Bhan, for we find that the
relationship is of the fifth degree and in a small village like the one to
which P.W.7 and deceased Suraj Bhan belonged such relationship ought not to
have been made a ground to brand him as an interested witness. This apart, this
Court has repeatedly pointed out that more relationship doe snot make the
evidence of a witness suspect and unworthy of credit. Equally untenable is the
High Court's reasoning that Harbilas belonged to the party of the deceased as
we find no evidence from which such a conclusion could have been drawn.
However
the most eloquent proof of their presence at the material time has been
furnished by P.W.10 who stated about their presence and further stated that all
of them left the site of incident on being threatened by the assailants and
took shelter behind a bush, wherefrom they saw the further assault.
12.
The High Court disbelieved the ocular evidence also on the ground that medical
evidence contradicted it so far as assault on Bir Singh was concerned, in that,
whereas the eye witnesses claimed that balwant Singh assaulted Bir Singh with a
pharsa a sharp edged weapon the injuries that the doctor found on his body
could be caused by blunt weapons only. In the facts of the instant case this
finding of the High Court is, in our view, wholly untenable. The High Court
ought to have appreciated that in an incident where a number of persons
assaulted three persons at one and the same time with different weapons, some
contradictions as to who assaulted who and with what weapon, were not unlikely
and such contradictions could not be made a ground to reject the evidence of
eye-witnesses, if it was otherwise reliable. If in the instant case no incised wound,
which is caused by a sharp edged weapon, was found on the body of any of the
victims it might have made the prosecution case suspect but, as earlier
noticed, the other two victims had incised wounds on their persons.
13. In
disbelieving the prosecution case the High Court next observed that there was
an unusual and unexplained delay of four and half hours in lodging the F.I.R.
We are constrained to say that this finding is without any basis whatsoever.
Evidence on record proves that after the incident was over at or about 8 A.M. P.W.7 stayed back to guard the dead bodies while P.W.9
along with P.W.10 went to the village abadi, which was at a distance of 1. 1/2 kms.,
to inform the Chowkidar. After the Chowkidar came P.W.7 left for the Police
Station and on the way he met P.W.14 at the bus stand, which was also at a
distance of 1. 1/2 kms. from the place of incident, and gave the report at 12.30 P.M.
From
the above sequence of events it is obvious that before the information was
lodged with the police, Harbilas, the Chowkidar and Satbir covered a distance
of about 1.1/2 kms.
each
i.e. a total distance of about 4.1/2 kms. Judged in that context it must be
said that there was no delay whatsoever in lodging the F.I.R. On the contrary,
the fact that the F.I.R. with the entire substratum of the prosecution case
incorporated therein, was lodged with promptitude goes a long way to
corroborate the testimony of Satbir. The High Court also commented upon
non-examination of the Chowkidar but, when P.W.7 gave information to the police
at the earliest opportunity his non-examination was not of much moment.
14.
The High Court lastly observed that the prosecution failed to prove the motive
it alleged for the crimes and for that purpose the High Court referred to the
claim of the respective parties regarding the land. Since the evidence of the
three eye-witnesses along with the F.I.R. and the medical evidence proves the
rioting and murders the question of motive pales into insignificances. We need
not, therefore, dilate on the question whether the finding of the High Court in
this regard is proper or not. For the self same reasons we need not discuss the
other circumstantial evidence led by the prosecution in support of its case.
15.
Coming now to the individual roles of the accused persons in the rioting and
murders we find that P.Ws. 7 and 9 named all the nine accused persons as the
miscreants.
P.W.10
also named all of them but had earlier failed to identify accused Subh Ram in
the T.I. Prade. Such failure however does not affect the prosecution case in
any way in view of the evidence of the other two eye witnesses. Though there is
no reason to disbelieve the testimonies of the eye witnesses particularly
P.Ws.7 and 9 regarding individual roles of the accused persons in the above
offences, we feel the accused Udey Ram and Suresh Kumar are entitled to the
benefit of reasonable doubt as then names do not find place in the F.I.R.
Accused Smt. Chameli and Smt. Giarsi are also entitled to a similar benefit for
it cannot be said with certainty that, though present, they shared the common
object of committing the murders. So far as the other five accused namely, Surat
Singh, Balwant Singh, Dola Ram, Subh Ram and Chhajju are concerned, the
evidence clearly establishes that they committed rioting and in course thereof
committed the three murders. The trial Court was therefore fully justified in
convicting them under Sections 148 and 302/149 IPC.
16. On
the conclusions as above, we uphold the acquittal of Surat Singh, Bishambhar
and Ran Singh of the charge under Section 120 B IPC and of Smt. Chameli, Smt. Giarsi,
Udey Ram and Suresh Kumar of the charges under Sections 148 and 302/149 IPC,
but set aside the acquittal of Surat Singh, Balwant Singh, Dola Ram, Subh Ram
and Chhajju under Sections 148 and 302/149 IPC and convict them of the above
offences.
Considering
the fact that since the offences were committed more than 10 years have elapsed
we do not feel inclined to restore the sentence of death imposed upon Surat
Singh, Balwant Singh and Dola Ram by the trial Court. we therefore sentence all
the above five accused persons to suffer imprisonment for life each for their
conviction under Section 302/149 IPC. For their conviction under Section 148
IPC we however do not pass any separate sentence. Of the above eleven accused
persons, who are all on bail, Surat Singh, Balwant Singh, Dola Ram, Subh Ram
and Chhajju shall now surrender to their bail bonds to serve out he sentence
now imposed on them and the remaining six shall stand discharged from their
respective bail bonds.
Back
Pages: 1 2