M/S. Stp
Limited Vs. Collector of Central Excise, Patna & Ors [1997] INSC 886 (2 December 1997)
S.P.
BHARACHA, SUHAS C. SEN
ACT:
HEADNOTE:
THE
2ND DAY OF DECEMBER, 1997 Present:
Hon'ble
Mr. Justice S.P. Bharucha Hon'ble Mr. Justice Sushas C.Sen S. C. Birla, Subrat Birla,
Ms. Vipin Gupta, Advs. for the appellant K.N.Bhat, Additional Solicitor
General, K.N.Bajpai, R.N.Verma, V.K.Verma, Advs. with him for the Respondents.
The
following Judgment of the Court was delivered:
SEN,
J.
The
appellant is a Company engaged in manufacture of coal tar products. An
exemption notification was issued by the Central Government exempting tar
falling under Tariff Item 11 of Central Excise Tariff from the whole of excise
duty leviable thereon. Tariff Item No.11 is:
"-------------------------------------------------------
Item Description of Goods Rate of duty
-------------------------------------------------------
11.
COAL (EXCLUDING LIGNITE) AND COKE ALL SORTS, INCLUDING CALCINED PETROLEUM COKE:
ASPHALT, BITUMEN AND TAR-
(1)
Coal and coke not else- Ten rupees per metric where specified tonne.
(2)
Petroleum coke, other Twenty per cent ad than calcined petroleum valorem plus
two coke. rupees per metric tonne.
(3) Calclined
petroleum Twenty per cent ad coke valorem.
(4)
Asphalt and bitumen Two hundred rupees (including cutback per metric tonne. bitumen
and asphalt) natural or produced from petroleum or shale.
(5)
Tar distilled from coal One hundred rupees per or lignite and other metric tonne.
mineral
tars, including partially distilled tars and blends of pitch with creosote oils
or with other tar distillation products.
-----------------------------------------------------------
The Exemption notification is as follows:
"Tar
is exempt from duty TAR 121/62-CE, dt. 13.6.62 In exercise of the powers
conferred by Rule 8 (1) of the Central Excise Rules. 1944, falling under Item
11 with effect from the
24th April, 1962 from
the whole of the excise duty leviable thereon".
The
appellant's case before the excise authority was that its products were fully
exempt from excise duty by virtue of the above notification. The case of the
Department on the other hand, is that the goods manufactured by the appellant
did not come within the ambit of Tariff Item 11. Therefore, there is no
question of granting any exemption from excise duty to these production. The
dispute ultimately went to the Tribunal. The Tribunal, after hearing the
parties and taking into consideration. the report of the Chemical Examiner,
came to the conclusion that some of the goods manufactured by the appellant
came within the ambit of clause (5) of Tariff Item 11 and, therefore, were
exempt from excise duty. The Tribunal, however, held that no relief could be
given to the assessee in respect of some of the products in view of an earlier
decision in the case of Indian Aluminium Co. Ltd. vs. Collector of Customs
Cochin 1988 (38) ELT 68 (Tribunal). The relevant part of the order of the
Tribunal is as under:
"We
do not see any reason to deviate from the above- referred to decision. Respectfully
fowling the same.
We
uphold the classification of items at serial nos. 3 to 8 under item 68, OET.
Notification No.121/62 applied only to tar falling under Item No.11(5).
Therefore,
it does not apply to the subject pitches." The goods mentioned in Serial
Nos. 3 to 8 of the Chemical Examiner's Report were as under:
-----------------------------------------------------
Sl. No Description Gift of the results in the of the products results of
chemical classi- test fication list.
-----------------------------------------------------
1. xxx
xxx
2. xxx
xxx
3.
Soft Pitch The sample is coal tar pitch
4.
Soft Medium Pitch -do-
5.
Hard Pitch -do-
6.
Hard Medium Pitch -do-
7.
Special Hard Pitch The sample is coal tar pitch
8.
Electrode Pitch The sample has the characteristics of coal tar pitch
-------------------------------------------------------- The Tribunal did not
give any separate reasons of its own for coming to its decision but merely
followed the judgment of another Bench of the Tribunal in the case of Indian Aluminium
Co. Ltd. v. Collector of Customs, Cochin, 1988 (38) E.L.T. 68 (Tribunal). In
that case, it was held that coal tar and coal tar pitch were two separate
commodities. Technical literature showed that pitch was obtained from distillation
of coal tar. No evidence had been produced to show that from the pitch, which
was the residuary product of distillation of tar, any further distillation
product could be obtained. The coal tar comprised of many constituents and if
any part of these constituents were removed by distillation. then some
constituents would remain in it This tar could be considered as partially
distilled tar and remaining identificable constituents could be distilled out
of it. So far as the pitch was concerned. No further identificable products
were obtained from the same on distillation for it to be considered as
partially distilled tar.
It was
further held that the term "partially distilled tar" as used in Item
11(2) of the central Excise Tariff had not been defined in any technical book.
Therefore, it had to be understood in the context of distillation process and
coal tar as stated above. There was no reason for considering coal tar pitch as
partially distilled tar. it was an item distinct from coat tar or partially
distilled tar.
On
behalf of the respondents, strong reliance was placed on this judgment and it
was contended that what the appellants had manufactured was various types of
pitch which did not come within the ambit of Tariff Item 11(5) and, therefore,
did not qualify for exemption.
On
behalf of the appellant our attention was drawn to adjustment of this Court in
the case of Steel Authority of India limited v. Collector of Excise Bolpur.
West Bengal 1997 (91) E.L.T. 529 (S.C.) where it was held that the exemption
notification exempted 'tar' falling under Item 11 of the First Schedule to the
central Excises and Salt Act.
1944.
The meaning of 'tar' had to be gathered from the Tariff description given in
clause 5 of Tariff Item No.11.
An
inclusive definition had been given to 'Tar' which included "partially
distilled tars and blends of pitch with craosote oils or with other tar
distillation products".
Therefore,
'tar' would include everything which has been included in the extended
definition. Having regard to the wording of the Notification and also the
wording of the Tariff Item No.11. the product of the assessee (PCM) qualified
for the benefit of the Exemption Notification.
On
behalf of the respondent, a distinction was sought to be drawn between tar and
products made out of pitch. The contention is that what the appellants had
manufactured were not tar distilled from coal. These products also could not be
regarded as blends of pitch with creosote oil.
Therefore,
these products could not given the benefit of the exemption notification.
We are
unable to uphold this contention. The Tariff heading speaks of "Asphalt,
Bitumen and Tar". "Tar" has been given an expanded definition in
clause (5). Tar distilled from coal or lignite or any other mineral will come
within the ambit of this definition. The inclusive clause, thereafter, extends
the definition to partially distilled tars and blends of pitch with creosote
oils or with other tars and blends of pitch with creosote oils or with other
tar distillation products, It is not in dispute that pitch is obtained by
distillation of tar. It has been argued on behalf of the respondents that the
residue of distillation of tar is pitch. We fall to see this fine distinction.
Pitch
is brought about by distillation of tar. If the contention of the respondent is
to be upheld, it will have to be held that even though pitch is brought forth
by distillation of tar. It is not "tar distillation product".
We are
unable to uphold this distinction for another reason. According to
"Webster Comprehensive Diction International Edition "coal tar"
means "the black viscid pitch distilled from bituminous coal. and yielding
a large variety of organic compounds used in the making of dve stuffs
explosives flavoring extracts, drugs, plastics etc." Therefore, in a sense
coal tar itself is a variety of pitch By distillation of coal tar, a type of
pitch is obtained.
That
must come within the phrase 'tar distillation product' Moreover, if there is
any doubt in the construction of any provision of taxing statute, that doubt
must be resolved in favour of the assessee.
In the
premises. We are of the view that the appeal must succeed.
The
judgment under appeal is set aside on the point in dispute. The appeal is
allowed, there will be no order as to costs.
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