Union Of India & Ors Vs. Union of India & Ors P. Sathikumarana Nair & Ors
[1997] INSC 476 (29 April 1997)
S.B.
MAJMUDAR, M. JAGANNADHA RAO
ACT:
HEADNOTE:
WITH
Writ
Petition No. 277 of 1994 WITH CIVIL APPEALS NOS. 3108-3109 of 1997 (Arising out
of S.L.P. Nos. 648 of 1990 & 6894 of 1994)
JAGANNADHA
RAO, J.
The
civil Appeal No. 913 of 1987, Special leave petitions Nos. 648 of 1990 &
6894 of 1994 and the Writ petition No.277 of 1994 are all connected and can be
****** of together. In the two special leave petitions, we grant leave as the
same questions arise which arise in the Civil Appeal. The Civil Appeal is filed
by the Union of India Represented by Secretary, Ministry of Education,
Government of India and the Administrator, Union Territory of Lakshadweep, Kavaratti.
There are four respondents in the said appeal and they were writ petitioners in
O.P.No. 2062/80(A) filed before the Kerala High Court. They claimed that the
proceedings issued by the Administrator dated 1.4.1976 re-designating them as
Junior Lecturers against their original designation as lecturers in the
Jawaharlal Nehru College at Kavaratti was illegal and that they were entitled
to the scale of Rs. 400-800 applicable to Lecturers rather than the scale of Rs.
350-700 which was applicable to Junior Lecturers and which scale was applicable
to the post-graduate teachers in the Secondary High School. It may be noted
that the scale of Rs. 350-700 was revised by the Third pay Commission as Rs.
550-900 w.e.f. 1.1.1973 while the scale of Rs. 400-800 was revised as Rs.
700-1300 w.e.f. 1.1.1973. The said O.P. No. 2062/80 (A) filed by the said four
writ petitioners was allowed by the learned single Judge of the Kerala High
Court on 10.8.1982 holding that the petitioners therein could not be equated
with Post-graduate teachers in the Secondary High School (who were to be
re-designated as Junior lecturers) and that they were entitled to the scale of Rs.
400-800 applicable to lecturers. After holding so, the learned Single Judge,
however, directed the Union of India to "consider' the claims of the four
writ petitioners in regard to the pay scales in accordance with law. Against
the said judgment of the learned Single Judge, Writ Appeal No. 736 of 1982 was
preferred by the union of India and the
Administrator of the Union of India and the Administrator of the Union
Territory of Lakshadweep. The said appeal was dismissed by a division Bench of
the Kerala High Court on 17.8.1984. It was directed that the Union of India
should take a decision on a consideration of the material before it, in the
light of the directions contained in the judgment in O.P.No.2062/80(A) and that
the said decision should be given within six months from the date of the
receipt of the copy of the judgment. Against the said judgment of the Division
Bench, Special Leave Petition was preferred by the Union of India and the
Administrator, Union Territory of Lakshadweep. leave was granted and the appeal
has been registered as Civil Appeal No. 913 of 1987.
Certain
events took place subsequent to the disposal of the Writ Appeal
above-mentioned. In compliance with the directions of the learned Single Judge
of the Kerala High Court, the union of India passed orders on 11.8.1986
rejecting the contentions of the said Writ petitioners and holding that they
were only entitled to the pay scale of Rs. 350-700(which was revised as Rs.
550-900 w.e.f. 1.1.1973).
applicable
to post-graduate teachers and not to the pay scale of Rs. 400-800 applicable to
lecturers (revised as Rs. 700-1300 w.e.f. 1.1.1973). The Union government held
that the duties and responsibilities of the Writ petitioners are comparable
with those of counter-parts in Class XI & XII of the Senior Secondary School and that they could not be equated with the duties and
responsibilities of lecturers working in the degree college run by the Union
Government.
On the
ground that Union of India in its order dated 11.8.1986 could not have gone
against the findings given by the learned single Judge of the Kerala High Court
in O.P.No. 2062/80(A) and by the Division Bench in Writ Appeal No. 736 of 1982
as to the equation of the duties and responsibilities of the writ petitioners,
namely, that they were similar to those of lecturers in degree colleges,
Contempt Petition No. O.P. (Contempt) No. 3730 of 1986 was filed by the said
Writ Petitioners in the Kerala High Court.
By
judgment dated 29.9.1986 a Division Bench of the Kerala High Court while noting
that the Special Leave Petition was granted against the judgment of the
Division Bench in Writ Appeal No. 736 of 1982 observed inasmuch as no stay was
granted by the Supreme Court of India, it was incumbent on the Union of India
to implement the judgment of the Kerala High Court in the light of the Findings
given by the learned Single Judge and the Division Bench and that it was not
open to the Union of India to pass the orders dated 11.8.1986 refusing to
restore the designation of the writ petitioners as Lecturers and that it was
also not open to Union of India to refuse to grant the scale of Rs. 400-800.
Consequent
to the directions given in the above said contempt petition by the Division
Bench of the Kerala High Court, the Union of India passed a subsequent order
dated 24.12.1986 re-designating the writ petitioners as lecturers and granting
the scale of Rs. 400-800 w.e.f. 15.7.1972(the date of establishment of the
junior College at Kavaratti) and the further revised scale of Rs. 700-1300 w.e.f.
1.1.1973. A consequential order was issued by the Administrator on 10.2.1987.
The four writ petitioners apprehended that in the event of the Civil Appeal
being allowed by the Supreme Court. they might be compelled to refund the
arrears as well as current salary that might be paid to them in the scale of Rs.
400-800 or the revised scale of Rs. 700-1300 (or such subsequent revised
scale), as the case may be. They, therefore, moved this Court in the Civil
Appeal for suitable orders. This Court passed an order on 2.4.1987 after
hearing both sides that in the event of Civil Appeal going against writ
petitioners, it would not be necessary for them to refund any salary paid to
them in the scale of Rs. 400-800 or in the revised scale of Rs. 700-1300 or any
further revised scale.
We
shall now mention how the two special leave petitions and the Writ Petition
have come to be filed. The Union of India and the Administrator, union
Territory of Lakshadweep proposed to apply the original order dated 11.8.1986
granting only the scale of Rs. 350-700(or the revised scale of Rs. 550-900) to
the remaining lecturers in the Jawaharlal Nehru College, Kavaratti and also to
two lecturers in the Mahatma Gandhi College, Androth, rather than the scale of Rs.
400-800(or the revised scale of Rs.
700-1300).
In fact these personnel continued to be treated as junior lecturers and not as
lecturers. They, therefore, moved the Central Administrative Tribunal in O.A.No.
K- 274/87. The application was filed by 14 persons of whom two were from the Mahatma Gandhi College, Androth and remaining 12 were from
the Jawaharlal Nehru College, Kavaratti. we have already noticed
that the four other lecturers of the Jawaharlal Nehru college, Kavaratti
Succeeded before the High Court and were getting the higher scale of pay. But
the Central Administrative Tribunal in its Judgment dated 31.10.1989 came to a
conclusion different from the one arrived by the Kerala High Court. it held
that the duties and responsibilities of those 14 persons who were teaching
pre-degree classes were not comparable to those of lecturers in degree
colleges. Both the Jawaharlal Nehru College, Kavaratti and Mahatma Gandhi college,
Androth were pre- degree colleges. The Tribunal, in fact, followed an earlier
judgment rendered by it in O.A.No.K-335/87 Filed by a lecturer of the Jawaharlal Nehru College by name Dr.
Ramachandran
(who we are informed is no more) wherein it had come to the conclusion that the
duties and responsibilities of the lecturers in pre-degree colleges were
different from the duties and responsibilities of those teaching degree classes
particularly in the Union Territory of Delhi. The Tribunal noticed that there
was no degree college in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep and that there was
only a degree college and no junior college in the Union territory of Delhi. The attention of the Central Administrative Tribunal was
invited to another judgment of the Kerala High Court in O.P. No. 497 of 1980
filed by certain other lecturers(which, we are told later went to appeal writ
Appeal No. 772 of 19820. In that case also, it was held both the Kerala High Cort
that the staff teaching 11th and 12th classes in the Senior, Secondary School
and who were employed in the junior college w.e.f 15.7.1972 could not be
treated as junior lecturers but should treated as lecturers and be given the
higher scale, applicable to lecturers.
However,
the Central Administrative Tribunal did not feel persuaded to follow the
judgment of the Kerala High Court in the said O.P. No. 497/80. The result was
that the application O.A. No. K-274/87 filed by the 14 applicants.
was
dismissed. Petitioners 1 to 4 and 7 to 14 before the Central Administrative
Tribunal then moved this Court in Special Leave petition No. 648 of 1990
against the judgment of the said Tribunal dated 31.10.1989 while petitioners
5& ^ before the said Tribunal filed S.L.P. No. 6894 of 1994 against the
said judgment. we have already granted leave in these two special leave
petitions.
Writ
Petition(C) No. 277 of 1994 has been filed in this Court by 6 other petitioners
of whom 3 are working in the Jawaharlal Nehru College, Kavaratti and 3 are
working in the mahatma Gandhi College, Androth. They are aggrieved by the fact
that so far they were concerned the Union of India and the Administrator were
treating them as junior lecturers and not granting them the pay scale of Rs.
400-800 (revised scale of Rs. 700-1300 w.e.f. 1.1.1973 or the further revised
scale of Rs. 2200-4000 w.e.f. 1.1.1986). They; approached this court under
Article 32 of the Constitution of India on the ground that in view of the
judgment of the Tribunal dated 31.10.1989 rendered in the case of persons similarly
situated, there was no point in approaching the said Tribunal once again
particularly when notice had been issued in the Special leave petitions Nos.
648/90 and 6894/94 against the judgment of the Tribunal. In view of the said
Judgment, notice was ordered in the writ petition and it was tagged alongwith Civil
appeal No. 913/87 and the two special leave Petitions.
Learned
senior counsel for the Union of India and the Administrator, Union Territory of
Lakshadweep Shri P.A. Choudhary submitted before us that the four petitioners
filed O.P.No. 2062/80(A) and four others were initially working in the Senior
Higher Secondary School, Kavaratti and were teaching classes 11 & 12 that
later w.e.f. 15.7.1972 the said two classes were converted into a junior college
at Kavaratti. Initially these teachers were no doubt designated and appointed
as lecturers in the scale of Rs. 350-700 which was the scale of post-graduate
teachers in the School.
Taking
advantage of their designation as lecturers the said writ petitioners claimed
the scale of lecturers namely Rs. 400-800 that was being paid to lecturers in
degree colleges at Delhi. In order to rectify the position
orders were passed on 1.4.1976 re-designating personnel as junior lecturers w.e.f.
20.5.1975 and reiterating that they were only entitled to the scale of Rs.
350-700 and not to the scale of Rs. 400-800. Rules were also issued in that
behalf w.e.f. 1.4.1976. Learned senior counsel contended that while it was true
that these eight teachers who were employed in the junior college satisfied the
minimum requirement of 2nd Class M.A., applicable to lecturers in degree
colleges of the Union Government, but that it could not he denied that the
duties and responsibilities of the teaching staff who teach in pre-degree colleges
were certainly different from the duties and responsibilities of teachers
teaching in degree colleges whether at Delhi or at any other place. He
contended that qualitatively the level of teaching was different and on that
basis, there could be a valid difference in the scale of pay. He, therefore,
contended that these personnel whether they were designated as lecturers or
junior lecturers were not entitled to the scale of Rs. 400-800 which was
applicable only to those teaching students in the degree classes.
On the
other hand, it was contended by learned senior counsel Shri K. John Mathew
& Sri k. Sukumaran that the judgment of the learned single judge in O.P.No.
2062/80(A) and of the Division bench in Writ Appeal No. 736/82 showed that it
was not disputed by union of India and the Administrator, Union Territory of Lakshadweep
before the Kerala High Court that the duties and responsibilities of these
personnel were the same as those of lecturers teaching in degree colleges. It
is also pointed out that these two colleges Jawaharlal Nehru College, Kavaratti and Mahatma Gandhi College, Androth were both affiliated to calicut University and that in the said University, there is no distinction
between the pay-scales applicable to junior lecturers teaching degree classes.
Learned counsel also referred to the Government's order in the State of Kerala wherein junior lecturers teaching
pre-degree classes and lecturers teaching degree classes were to draw the same
pay scale. In fact, the Government of Kerala passed an order extending the said
benefit to all the Junior Lecturers working in aided Private junior colleges,
thereby entitling the latter to draw the same pay scale of lecturers. From a
geographical point of view the position was that in the entire State of Kerala
in government colleges and private colleges and in particular under the Calicut
University to which these two colleges were affiliated, junior lecturers
teaching Pre-degree classes were drawing the same benefit to those working as
junior Lecturers in these two colleges which were affiliated to the Calicut
University. In reply, the learned senior counsel for the Union territory of Lakshadweep
Shri P.A. Choudhary contended that assuming that junior lecturers teaching
pre-degree classes and lecturers teaching degree classes were being given the
same scale of pay by the government of Kerala and by the aided private colleges
in the state of Kerala and also in the Calicut University, it is not
permissible to issue a direction to the union Government and the Administrator,
Union Territory of Lakshadweep to equate the pay scales of junior lecturers and
lecturers so far as union Territory was concerned. The reason was that the
employers in the two situations were different, that is, the State of Kerala or calicut University on the one hand and the union Territory of Lakshadweep on the other. learned counsel relied on the judgment of the
supreme Court in The State Of Madhya Court would not direct equation of pay
scales of personnel of different employers, namely those of the Central
Government and those of a State Government. Learned senior counsel also invited
our attention to certain general principles concerning Article 14 laid down in Shri
Ram (1959 SCR 279).
We
have given our anxious consideration to the contentions raised by the learned
senior counsel on both sides, We have come to the conclusion that in exercise
of our discretionary jurisdiction under Article 136 of the Constitution of
India we would not interfere with the findings given in the judgment of the
learned Single Judge of the Kerala High Court in O.P.No. 2062/80(A) dated
10.8.1982 as affirmed by the Division Bench in Writ Appeal No. 736/82 dated
17.8.1984. We note that in the said judgments it was stated that the Union of
India in its counter affidavit filed in the Kerala High Court did not take the
stand that the "nature, status or functions' attributable to the post of
Junior Lecturer in the Pre- degree Colleges were different from those of
Lecturer in a Degree College. We also note that against the other judgment of
the Kerala High Court in O.P. No. 497/80 (referred to in the judgment of the
Central Administrative Tribunal and which was affirmed in Writ Appeal No.
772/82), no special leave petition has been filed by the union of India in this
Court. In the said Judgment of the Kerala High Court also there is a finding
that there was nothing on record to indicate that these persons (Junior
lecturers in pre-degree College) did not perform similar functions as compared
to lecturers working in Degree Colleges in the Delhi area. That finding has
become final. It is also not disputed before us that in the Calicut University to which these two colleges in the Union Territory of Lakshdweep
are affiliated, the pay scales of Junior lecturers teaching pre-degree classes
and the pay scale of lecturers teaching degree classes and the pay scale of
lecturers teaching degree classes is one and the same. In this connection, we
may also refer to the order of the Government of Kerala in G.O Ms. 487/70/Edn.
(F) Deptt. dated P1.11.1970 equalizing the pay scales of junior lecturers in
private aided colleges with those of lecturers in government colleges. In
Government Colleges in Kerala the pay scale of junior lecturers teaching
pre-degree classes and lecturers teaching degree classes is again one and the
same. In other words, speaking from a geographical angle the pay scale of
junior lecturers and lecturers are the same in Kerala and in the Calicut University, with the sole exception of these two colleges in Union
Territory of Lakshadweep which are also affiliated to the Calicut University. In the light of the above factual position, we are of the
view that, in exercise of our discretion. we would not interfere with the
findings arrived at in O.P.No.
2062/80(A)
by the Kerala High Court as affirmed in Writ Appeal No. 736 of 1982 holding
that the pay scales of the junior lecturers in Union Territory of Lakshadweep
are to be on par with the pay; scales of lecturers in degree colleges under the
Union of India.
In
addition, our attention has been invited by the learned counsel for the writ
petitioners to a recent communication of the Administrator of Union Territory
of Lakshadweep dated 3.2.1995 wherein he has recommended to the Government of
India that the Junior lecturers in these two colleges in the Union Territory of
Lakshadweep be paid the same scale of pay as lecturers in the colleges of the
union Territory and he has stated that the additional financial burden would be
around thirty thousand per year which could be borne by the Union Territory. He
has also stated that there are only 34 lecturers who have to be given this
scale attributable to the post of lecturers in degree colleges, the present
revised scale being Rs. 2200-4000 w.e.f.
1.1.1986.
In view of these facts, we do not deem it proper to interfere with the scale of
Rs. 400-800 as being payable to these junior lecturers w.e.f. 1.1.1972 and Rs.
700-1300 w.e.f. 1.1.1973 and Rs. 2200-4000 w.e.f. 1.1.1986. The said pay scale
will be applicable to these junior lecturers now designated as lecturers from
their respective dates of appointment in the respective junior colleges in the
Union Territory of Lakshadweep. The Civil Appeal is dismissed.
In
view of our decision in the Civil Appeal, the consequence must necessarily be
that the 14 petitioners who have approached the Central Administrative Tribunal
on O.A.No. K-274/87 must also be treated likewise as the writ
petitioners-respondents in C.A. No. 913 of 1987. Therefore, Civil Appeals
arising out the Special Leave petitions Nos.
648/90
& 6894/94 are also allowed granting the appellant therein the same relief,
as to pay scales above-mentioned.
Coming
to writ Petition (c) No. 277/94 the six writ petitioners therein are in
identical situation and are also entitled to the same treatment as the writ
petitioners whose cases have been decided in C.A.No. 913 of 1987. Otherwise, it
would be discriminatory, we hold that they are also entitled to the same pay
scale of lecturers above referred to.
In the
result C.A. No. 913 of 1987 is dismissed. Civil Appeals arising out of Special
leave petitions No. 643/1990 and 6864/1984 are allowed. Writ petition No.
277/94 is also allowed in the manner mentioned above. There shall be no order
as to costs. We should not be under stood as having decided any of the issues
of law raised by the learned senior counsel on both sides.
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