Dr. J.S. Chhabrastate of M.P. & Ors Vs.
State of M.P. & Ors [1996] INSC 1519 (28 November 1996)
S.C. Agrawal, G.T. Nanavati Nanavati, J.
ACT:
HEAD NOTE:
THE 28TH DAY OF NOVEMBER, 1996 Present:
Hon'ble Mr. Justice S.C. Agrawal Hon'ble Mr.
Justice G.T. Nanavati Mr. Shyoala Pappu, K.B. Sinha, Sr. Advs., Rajendra Srivastava,
Niraj Sharma, Krishnamurthi, Pramod Sharma, ShivSagar Tiwari, Sakesh Kumar,
S.K. Agnihotri, Amitabh Verma, Prakash Srivastava, Advs. with them for the
appearing parties.
The following Judgment of the Court was
delivered:
WITH CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6592 OF 1995
These three appeal arise out of the common order
passed by the Madhya Pradesh State Administrative Tribunal, Gwalior in T.As. No. 75 and 91
of 1991.
Dr. Tiwari, Respondent herein, was initially
appointed as a Research Assistant on 25.3.68. On 1.12.69 he was appointed as a
Demonstrator in Surgery in G.R. Medical College of Gwalior. By a Government order dated 11.8.71 he was appointed along with
some other doctors to officiate temporarily as a Causualty Medical Officer
(Lecturer Grade) in Madhya Pradesh Medical Service Class II in the pay scale of
Rs.360-700. This appointment was subject to his selection by the Madhya Pradesh
Public Service Commission. Claiming that as a CMO he was also doing the work of
teaching in the Medical College and like other lecturers he was also paid non-practising
allowance, he made a representation to the Government on 17.1.84 for being
absorbed in the post of a lecturer and for counting his seniority as a lecturer
from 11.8.71. As the Government did not consider his representation and further
representations made thereafter he filed a petition in the Madhya Pradesh High
court in 1987 for obtaining the said reliefs. During the pendency of that
petition the services of seven Ad-hoc CMOs (Lecturer Grade), including the
respondent, were regularised under the M.P.
Regularisation of Ad Hoc Appointment Rules, 1986
and he was appointed on the same post of temporary basis. On 21.7.89 the
Government passed an order declaring him as a lecturer in Surgery. In view of
these subsequent developments the Madhya Pradesh High court dismissed his
petition as infructuous. As his seniority as a lecturer and also because his
name was not included in the gradation list of lecturers published on 9.6.89,
he first approached the Government and then the High Court by way of a writ
petition. That petition was subsequently transferred to the Tribunal and was
numbered as T.A. No. 91 of 1991. Dr. J.S. Chhabra (Appellant in Civil
Nos.6590-91 1995) had applied to intervene in that petition and his application
was granted. Thereafter on 15.9.90 he filed a substantive petition (M.P.
2265/90) in the High Court challenging recognition of Dr. Tiwari and others as
lecturers. It was also transferred to the Tribunal and numbered as T.A. No.75
of 1991.
The Government and Dr. Chhabra opposed the
application filed by Dr. Tiwari on the ground that appointment of Dr. Tiwari
was as an ad-hoc CMO and not as a lecturer, which post is required to the
filled up by hundred percent direct recruitment through the Public Service
Commission. It was also contended that as a CMO Dr. Tiwari was required to
perform mainly the casualty duties and only additionally he was permitted to
work in the Surgical Ward and do some teaching also. Dr. Tiwari had appeared
before the Public Service Commission for selection and appointment for the post
of a lecturer in 1977 and 1981 but was not successful.
On this ground they justified the action of the
Government in not giving him seniority from 14.8.71 and not including his name
in the seniority list of Lecturers published on 9.6.89.
The Tribunal was much impressed by the three
circumstances namely,
(1) Dr. Tiwari was a duly qualified doctor and
right from the date of his appointment as CMO he was assigned teaching work
(2) he was paid non-practising allowance, and
(3) the object behind upgrading the post of CMO
on which Dr. Tiwari was appointed. It was of the view that these three
circumstances could not have been overlooked and the Government could not have
subsequently changed the position to the prejudice of such CMOs. The doctors
who were appointed as CMOs could not have anticipated then that they would be
treated differently from lecturers in future in matters of promotion and other
service benefits. It held that after regularising their services and giving
them the status of full-fledged lecturers it was improper and unfair on the
part of the Government not to treat them as lecturers. Invoking the principle
of continuous officiation it further held that such CMOs became entitled to
seniority from the date of their continuous officiation. The Tribunal,
therefore, allowed the application filed by Dr. Tiwari and directed the
authorities to give him seniority in the post of lecturer with effect from the
date he had started working as CMO (Lecturer Grade). The inconsistent condition
regarding the date from which his seniority is to be counted, contained in the
order dated 21.7.89, has also been quashed. The Tribunal also directed the authorities
to consider him for promotion to the post of a Reader. T.A. No.75 1991, filed
by Dr. Chhabra was dismissed. Therefore, Dr. Chhabra has filed two appeals, one
against the order whereby the T.A. No.91 of 1991 has been allowed and the other
against the order whereby T.A. No.75 of 1991 has been dismissed. The State has
also filed Civil Appeal No.6592 of 1995 feeling aggrieved by the order passed
by the Tribunal in T.A. No.91 of 1991.
The learned counsel for Dr. Chhabra has
challenged the order of the tribunal on the ground that as recruitment to the
post of lecturer is by direct selection through Public Service Commission, it
was not open to the State Government to declare CMOs (Lecturer Grade) as
lecturers and thus act in contravention of the relevant recruitment rules. The
tribunal in upholding the said action of the Government has committed a grave
error of law. In the alternative it was contended on behalf of Dr. Chhabra and
also by the learned counsel appearing for the State that CMOs thus regularised
and designated as lecturers could not have been given seniority from an earlier
date and the direction given by the tribunal is not only improper ad unjust but
being contrary to Rule 12 of the M.P. Regularisation of Ad hoc Appointment
Rules 1986 is also illegal.
From the material placed on record it is now
clear, and therefore it is not disputed, that the post of lecturer is the
lowest post in the set up of teaching staff of medical colleges in the State of
M.P. and that the posts of CMOs
are not a part of the cadre of lecturers. It also appears that sometime in 1971
the Government decided to strengthen casualty services in the medical college
hospitals and, therefore, by a letter dated 29.4.1971 it informed all the Deans
of the medical colleges that it was decided to appoint CMOs in the scale of
Rs.360-700 (same as the scale of lecturers) in each medical college. By the
said letter all the Deans were directed to propose names of suitable doctors
possessing post-graduate qualifications i.e. M.S./M.D. in clinical subjects
with there years experience. After upgrading 24 posts of CMOs in M.P. Medical
Service Class II in the pay scale of Rs. 360-700. They were appointed to
officiate on the said post temporarily and their appointments were made subject
to selection by Public Service Commission. Dr. Tiwari was one of the doctors
thus appointed as a CMO. Though the original object of the Government was to
appoint lecturers in medicine and surgery with post-graduate qualification on
those upgraded posts, for some reasons, it could not appoint lecturers on those
posts. It, therefore, appointed doctors with post-graduate qualifications on
all those posts. AS they were till then not recruited as lecturers their
appointments were made subject to selection by the Public Service Commission.
But to achieve the desired object the Government by its letter dated 20.11.1971
informed all the Deans of the medical colleges that it was desirable to give
such CMOs some teaching work so that they could keep in touch with their subject.
The Government also made them eligible for getting non-practising allowance
like other lectures. Pursuant to those general directions Dr. Tiwari was
assigned teaching work in the department of surgery from December 1971 and was
also given non-practising allowance. Dr. Tiwari appeared before the Public
Service Commission for selection as a lecturer in 1977 and 1981 but on both
those occasions he was not selected and, therefore he continued to be a CMO
(Lecturer Grade) on an ad hoc and officiating basis right upto the date on
which his services came to be regularised.
In the context of this factual and legal
position the contention raised on behalf of the appellant that the regularisation
of Dr. Tiwari's services and declaring his as a lecturer was improper and
illegal is required to be considered. As pointed out earlier when the
Government upgraded 24 posts of CMOs that was done with a view to improve the
casualty services in the hospitals attached to the medical colleges by
appointing lecturers on those posts.
For reasons beyond its control the Government
could not appoint lecturers or persons selected by the Public Service
Commission for the posts of lecturers. Though the cadre of CMO was different
from the cadre of lecturers the Government by upgrading 21 posts of CMOs
desired to make them equivalent to the posts of lecturers so that the lecturers
could be appointed on those posts. The qualification required for appointment
on those upgraded posts of CMOs were the same as required for appointment as lecturers.
If the doctors who were appointed as CMOs on those upgraded posts had been
selected by the Public Service Commission then the appointments would have been
regular and there would have been no necessity to regularise their services.
Because their appointments were not regular and
as they were serving since many years as ad hoc CMOs, their services deserved
to be regularised. Therefore, the Government in exercise of the power available
to it under the regularisation rules framed under Article 309 of the
Constitution regularised the services of some CMOs. It is , therefore,
difficult to appreciate how the action of the Government in regularising their
services as CMOs can be regarded either as improper or illegal. Once their
services were regularised they were required to be treated as CMOs holding the
posts equivalent to the posts of lecturers. As the required qualification for
both the posts as same and as those CMOs had also teaching experience it was
open to the Government to redesignate those posts or merge them into the cadre
of lecturers. The learned counsel for the appellant Dr. Chhabra was not able to
point out how it was beyond the power of the Government to declare those CMOs
as lecturers.
Therefore, the first contention raised on his
behalf has to be rejected.
What is required to be considered next is from
which date seniority of Dr. Tiwari whose services were regularised on 4.4.1987
and was declared/redesignated as lecturer on 21.7.1989 should be considered as
a lecturer. Accepting his contention the tribunal has granted him seniority as
a lecturer right from the date he started working as CMO (Lecturer Grade) in
1971. As against that the contention raised on behalf of Dr. Chhabra is that in
any case Dr. Tiwari could not have been granted seniority from the date earlier
than 21.7.1989. The contention raised on behalf of the State is that it has
rightly given him seniority from 4.4.1987. The services of Dr. Tiwari were regularised
under the M.P. Regularisation of Ad hoc Roles 1986.. Rule 12 of the said
provides that a person appointed under those Rules shall be entitled to
seniority only from the date of the order of regular appointment and shall be
placed below the persons already appointed in accordance with the relevant
recruitment rules. Dr.Tiwari accepted his regularisation under those Rules.
Neither at the time of regularisation of his services nor at any subsequent
time he challenged the validity of the said Rules. Therefore, he could not have
been given seniority as CMO (Lecturer Grade) from a date earlier than the order
of his regular appointment. The tribunal was, therefore, wrong in directing
that his seniority as a lecturer should be counted from the date he has started
working as CMO (Lecturer Grade). The tribunal failed to appreciate that the
said direction was contrary to the statutory rules and for that reason no
benefit on the basis of principle of continuous officiation could have been
given to him. As the services of Dr. Tiwari was regularised on 4.4.1987 and he
was appointed regularly from that date on an equivalent post the Government has
rightly determined his seniority as a lecturer from that date. Merely because
the Government declared him as a lecturer on 21.7.1989, it would not have been
fair and just to grant him seniority as a lecturer only from that date. The
contention to that effect raised on behalf of the appellant Dr. Chhabra has
thus no substance and has to be rejected.
In the result the appeal filed by Dr. Chhabra
against the order of the tribunal in T.A. No. 75 of 1991 is dismissed. The
appeal filed by him against the order passed by the tribunal in T.A. No. 91 of
1991 is partly allowed.
Civil appeal No. 6592 of 1995 filed by the State
is allowed.
However, in the facts and circumstances of the
case there shall be no order as to costs.
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